安宫牛黄丸与丹参注射液治疗出血性中风急性期900例疗效比较

目的:观察不同中成药辅助治疗出血性中风急性期的有效性与安全性。方法:选取2012年1月—2014年1月入院诊治的出血性中风急性期患者1800例,根据数字随机表分为对照组和试验组各900例。两组患者均进行常规治疗,其中试验组辅助应用丹参注射液、对照组应用安宫牛黄丸,观察有效性及安全性。结果:经治疗后,试验组和对照组的时间功能缺损评分均显著下降,尤其试验组改善明显(P0.05)。经治疗后,试验组基本痊愈130例,显著进步380例,进步310例,无改善及恶化80例,有效率为91.11%;对照组基本痊愈80例,显著进步270例,进步400例,无改善及恶化150例,有效率为83.33%,两组有效率比较,差异有显著性(P0.05)。在治疗期间,两组患者均未出现严重的消化道不良反应及过敏反应。两组患者的肝肾功能及血常规均与治疗前比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:丹参注射液及安宫牛黄丸均能有效改善出血性中风急性期的神经功能缺损程度、提高临床治疗效果,并且均安全性良好,其中丹参注射液疗效更为显著。     

I期单侧后入路保留椎板切除上颈椎神经鞘膜瘤的解剖学特点及疗效分析

目的　评价I期一侧后入路保留椎板切除C1/2神经鞘膜瘤的解剖学特点及疗效。 方法　2009年1月至2014年1月对符合以下手术指征患者行I期单侧后入路保留椎板切除C1/2神经鞘膜瘤：（1）硬膜外占位;（2）经C1/2椎板间隙偏一侧向外生长;（3）具备神经鞘膜瘤影像学特征。共收治该类患者9例（男5例,女4例,平均年龄47.2岁,25至74岁）。收集颈椎JOA评分、术后轴性痛发生率、影像学特点、手术时间、出血量、并发症、末次随访颈椎侧位片寰齿前间隙等临床资料,经随访后予以分析总结。 结果　9例病例均得以随访,随访时间6至48个月,平均20个月。未出现复发病例,未出现颈椎失稳以及术后轴性疼痛病例,末次随访寰齿前间隙均小于2 mm。有神经功能损害的8例患者术前JOA评分(11.3±1.64),末次随访JOA评分(15.4±0.70),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　术前通过MRI判断上颈椎肿瘤类型,对符合手术指征的患者行I期单侧后入路保留椎板切除上颈椎神经鞘膜瘤,术后疗效确切,可避免术后轴性痛,预后良好。     

纳米树脂后牙充填临床效果评价

目的评价两种纳米树脂(3MFiltek Z350纳米树脂及GC Gradia Direct纳米树脂)后牙Ⅱ类洞型缺损充填的疗效。方法将95例患者共122颗患牙根管治疗后根据所选纳米树脂不同分为A、B两组,A组采用3MZ350纳米树脂后牙充填57颗;B组采用GC纳米树脂充填65颗,对充填的后期情况进行3年追踪并评价其疗效。结果 6周追踪,两组材料均未出现充填失败;3年后材料成功率仍然高达91.2%和89.2%,两组材料疗效经统计学检验无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论在完成根管治疗的后牙II类洞型缺损中直接采用纳米树脂材料充填,均能取得良好效果,可以作为除桩核冠及全冠修复思路之外的一种可行治疗方案。材料品牌在3年之内无首选性。     

Ultrasound evaluation of prognosis in fetuses with posterior urethral valves

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of prenatal ultrasound markers to predict postnatal renal prognosis in fetuses with posterior urethral valves.

Methods

Medical files on fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves from 2000 to 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Data from prenatal follow-up included gestational age at diagnosis, ultrasound renal parenchyma evaluation, and presence and time of oligohydramnios onset. Prenatal parameters studied were correlated to postnatal renal function.

Results

Thirty-one male fetuses were included. Six pregnancies were terminated. Of the remaining 25 pregnancies that were continued, 4 children had abnormal creatine and 21 normal creatinine levels at follow-up. Presence and time of oligohydramnios onset did not differ between groups (P = .43). Ultrasound detected bilateral renal abnormalities in 3 fetuses (75%) with altered renal function, and 10 fetuses (55%) with normal creatinine, at follow-up.

Conclusions

None of the ultrasound parameters evaluated were able to reliably predict postnatal renal function.     

功能性电刺激失神经环杓后肌的动态研究

为了研究电起搏器对失神经后不同时期环杓后肌的作用,我们选用14只狗分为喉返神经切断及吻合两组,分别在手术后即刻、2周、1、2、4、8、12个月进行观察,结果发现在神经切断及吻合即刻环杓后肌电刺激强度阈值较低(2伏),2周后达最高峰(7～10伏),4个月后,神经吻合组恢复到最初水平,神经切断组维持在6伏左右,并发现随病程延长环杓后肌萎缩加重.因此,电起搏器一定刺激强度在一定时间内对恢复萎缩环杓后肌的功能是有效的.     

翼点入路显微手术切除视交叉前置型巨型垂体腺瘤

部分巨大的垂体腺瘤向后上方浸袭第三脑室前部，向前推移视交叉致使视交叉前间隙（间隙1）狭小，以及部分病人先天前置视交叉的存在，术中很难通过视交叉和鞍结节之间显露肿瘤，加之肿瘤向鞍后，     

Effects of two volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane and halothane) on the hypothalamic noradrenaline release in rat brain

There are marked increases in noradrenaline (NA) release during emergence from general anesthesia induced with volatile anesthetics. These changes in NA in the posterior hypothalamus of the rat were assessed by intracranial microdialysis. Sevoflurane and halothane in equipotent concentrations were used to obtain the same depth of anesthesia. NA release increased similarly with the two agents during recovery. However, NA release remained elevated longer with halothane, from which recovery was also slower.     

Projections from the renal nerve to the cat''s lateral somatosensory thalamus

The representation of the kidney in the lateral somatosensory thalamus was mapped using electrical stimulation of the renal nerve in pentobarbitone-anesthetized cats. Ninety-five of 197 thalamic neurons studied responded to renal nerve stimulation. The responsive neurons were located in the periphery of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (42%, VPL_p) and the neighboring dorsal and lateral aspects of the posterior complex (58%; POd and POl). No visceroceptive neurons were found within VPL proper. The mean response latency of the thalamic neurons to electrical nerve stimulation was 9.5 ± 2.6 ms (mean ± S.D.), suggesting an involvement of A δ, and possibly A β fibers in the primary afferent pathway. The visceroceptive neurons were further characterized with innocuous mechanical stimulation of the body surface, and for 94 of the 95 neurons a somatic receptive field could be determined. Of these, 35% were located on the lower back and belly, i.e., the dermatomes of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinal projection areas of the renal nerve. 52% of the somatic receptive fields were located on the contralateral foot, thigh, tail, or hind leg (lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal dermatomes) and 13% covered the arm and upper body (upper thoracic and lower cervical dermatomes). Comparison between the thalamic representations of the renal and pelvic nerves showed that both covered comparable areas adjacent and around, but not within VPL proper. It is concluded that VPL_p, POd and POl play a role in processing visceral, possibly including nociceptive, information from the kidney of the cat.     

Surgical Management of Bilateral Abductor Palsy: Comparative Study Between Posterior Cordotomy and Partial Arytenoidectomy

The aim of this study is to analyse outcome of patients with bilateral abductor palsy undergoing unilateral partial arytenoidectomy and unilateral posterior cordotomy in terms of respiration, phonation and risk of aspiration. Initially tracheostomy was only treatment available to relieve respiratory distress. Now various methods are described e.g. endoscopic posterior cordotomy, arytenoidectomy, suture lateralization of vocal cords, laryngeal reinnervation and muscle transfer procedures. In our study, review of management of 21 cases of bilateral abductor palsy were carried out. Patient assessment included fibre optic laryngoscopy and radiology. Unilateral partial arytenoidectomy was carried out in 9 patients and unilateral posterior cordotomy was carried out in 12 patients. All the 21 cases in our study were tracheotomised. Among the 21 surgically treated patients 90.5% patients were decannulated. The mean increase in VHI 10 score after surgery was of 4.8. The mean increase was 4 in the partial arytenoidectomy group, whereas the mean increase in the posterior cordotomy group was 5. There was no history of aspiration following surgery. The percentage of cases requiring revision surgery was 33% in patients undergoing partial arytenoidectomy and was 25% in patients undergoing posterior cordotomy. Analysis of results after 12 months revealed that both unilateral posterior cordotomy and unilateral partial arytenoidectomy are effective and satisfactory procedures in treatment of bilateral abductor palsy.     

经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术后出血的原因及处理

目的 探讨经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术后出血的原因及处理方法。方法回顾性分析853例经蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术后6例出血,结合相关文献探讨出血原因和处理方法。结果本组853例病例中出血6例。鼻腔出血2例,鞍内出血2例,鞍上出血l例,远隔部位出血1例。经过相应处理,无死亡病例。结论 严格掌握手术适应证,熟悉局部解剖和肿瘤特点,提高诊疗经验和手术技巧,是可以减少经蝶窦垂体腺瘤手术出血的发生。出现出血时,应及时查找原因,判断出血来源,采取有效措施,避免不当处置而加重损害。