应用简便逆转录环介导等温扩增方法检测麻疹病毒核酸

目的 应用简便快速的核酸检测新方法--逆转录环介导等温扩增方法(RT-LAMP)检测麻疹病毒核酸,并与巢式逆转录多聚酶链式反应(nest-RT-PCR)方法进行比较.方法 比较RT-LAMP方法与nest-RT-PCR方法对吉林省历年麻疹病毒分离株以及临床疑似麻疹咽试子中麻疹病毒核酸检测的检出率.结果 两种方法对23株麻疹分离株麻疹病毒核酸阳性检出率均达到100%.针对18份麻疹病毒分离阴性的临床疑似麻疹咽试子分别利用RT-LAMP和巢式RT-PCR两种方法进行麻疹核酸检测,RT-LAMP方法阳性率为56.52%,巢式RT-PCR方法阳性率为47.83%.结论 RT-LAMP方法比巢式nest-RT-PCR方法更敏感.     

广东省2005-2007年麻疹病原学监测

目的 开展有效的麻疹病原学监测,分离麻疹病毒,了解广东省2005-2007年流行的麻疹野病毒分离株基因特征,为控制、消除麻疹提供科学依据.方法 用Veto/Slam细胞从暴发和散发麻疹疑似病例的咽拭子和尿液标本中分离麻疹病毒,并对所有分离到的麻疹病毒通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法,扩增出核蛋白(N)基因碳末端450个核苷酸片段,对其产物测定基因序列以定型.结果 2005-2007年共收到380份标本,包括咽拭子或尿液标本.共分离到82株麻疹野病毒.2005年病毒分离率为23.58%,2006年病毒分离率为17.11%,2007年病毒分离率为39.13%.病毒分离成功率与病例出疹天数和标本的采集质量有密切关系.结论 我省已经掌握了麻疹病毒的分离和分子生物学鉴定技术,分离率较高;我省多年来流行的麻疹毒株均为H1基因型,与国内流行的优势基因型一致.     

2012至2013年南通地区麻疹的流行病学分析

目的：探讨南通地区2012～2013麻疹的临床特点、预防接种及治疗转归,为进一步防治麻疹,控制并发症提供依据。方法收集并分析2012～2013年我院传染科麻疹患者的资料并进行回顾性分析。结果近年南通地区麻疹发病率显著升高,年龄分布呈两极分化,婴幼儿（32.6%）及成人（48.8%）所占比率增大。麻疹临床症状典型,黏膜斑较多见;成人麻疹患者全身中毒症状重,多见肝功能损害（57.2%）;婴幼儿麻疹患者支气管炎、支气管肺炎（51.1%）并发症显著高于成人。结论目前麻疹仍以典型性麻疹为主,幼儿发病率较往年明显升高且并发症多见,非典型皮疹病例较往年有所增加。为控制麻疹流行,建议加强麻疹抗体滴度监测及疫苗接种。     

两种ELISA试剂检测麻疹病毒IgM抗体实验室对比与评估

目的：对海泰两种麻疹病毒IgM抗体诊断ELISA试剂的实验室现场应用效果进行对比和评估。方法：同时采用该两种ELISA试剂和参比试剂对疑似麻疹患者的血清标本42份进行检测,并通过标本阳性检出率、敏感性、重复性、稳定性进行对比。结果：过夜法试剂在标本检出率、敏感性和稳定性都优于快速法试剂。结论：应制备外部对照质控血清,以便控制试剂和检测质量。疑似麻疹患者的血清标本OD值接近Cottoff值时,应采集第二份血清进行确诊。     

Encephalopathy associated with acute measles

Thirty children presenting with acute encephalopathic illness within a month of measles were studied. A male preponderance was found and 83.3% of cases were below 5 years of age. The interval between onset of measles rash and that of encephalopathy ranged from 0 to 20 days. Fever (96.6%), convulsions (70%), and coma (90%) were found in a high percentage of cases, while focal neurological deficits and abnormal movements were found in a small number of patients (3.3% and 16.6% respectively). Signs of cerebellar or medullar involvement were not seen. Only 1 (3.3%) case had pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. Eleven (36.6%) patients died in hospital. The pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy following measles is discussed. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Comparison of Severity of Viremia and Antibody Responses between Infants and Children with Measles

Severity of viremia and neutralizing antibody responses were compared between nine young infants ( 10 months) with measles and 18 infants and children ( 11 months) with ordinary measles. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated viremia was detected between the first day of elevation of fever (day 0) and day 5 of the disease in the former group, whereas PBMC-associated and cell-free viremia were detected between day 0 and day 14 in the latter group. The number of infected PBMC during the first 7 days of the disease was 3.22 ± 1.07 (log₁₀, mean ± s.d.) per 10 million PBMC in the former group, which was significantly smaller ( P = 0.02) than that of the latter group (4.21 ± 1.18). The former group reached the maximum level of antibody earlier than the latter group.     

The Measles Outbreak in Chikuhou District, Fukuoka, Japan, 1990: Correlation between Herd Immunity Level and Outbreak Size

A measles outbreak occurred in the Chikuhou district of Fukuoka, Japan from May to October 1990, during which 71 patients were cared for at the Itoda Public Hospital. Hospital records revealed a large outbreak in the adjacent town of Kanada. In order to characterize the outbreak, questionnaires were sent to all preschool-age children in Itoda (73% effective response) and in Kanada (76% effective response) requesting information about their vaccination and/or history of measles. The number of patients was 22 (4%) in Itoda and 63 (14%) in Kanada, most of these being preschoolers, while the vaccination rate was 61% and 44%, respectively. The herd immunity levels in age-specific groups were compared between the two towns. Before the epidemic, the immunity level of 1 year old children in Kanada, who showed the higher attack rate, was lower (18%) than that in Itoda (39%), while after the epidemic it rose above 60% in both towns. When we studied the correlation between the attack rate and the vaccination rate, or the number of children susceptible to measles (susceptibility rate) in each preschool, the attack rate correlated negatively with the vaccination rate (correlation coefficient [CC] = - 0.818; P < 0.01), and positively with the susceptibility rate (CC 0.860; P < 0.01). The regressed equation on the correlation indicated that the immunity level should be more than 70% to keep the attack rate under 5% in preschoois. After the epidemic, the immunity levels of all preschoolers reached above 70%. Early vaccination should be given to at least 70% of young preschoolers in order to prevent a large outbreak of measles under the present vaccination program in Japan.     

An experience with measles vaccine

A study was conducted in Simla town to know the effectiveness and reactions of measles vaccine. One hundred and eight children in the age group of 9–23 months were immunized with measles vaccine and followed over a period of 2 years. Eighty nine children were also followed up as controls. The difference in the attack rate of measles in these two groups was highly significant. Mild fever was found to be a significant side effect. No other reaction like rash or convulsions was observed.     

Sister chromatid exchange and mitotic index of cultured lymphocytes in patients with measles

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies and mitotic index in cultured human lymphocytes of ten patients suffering from measles were studied. The frequency of sister chromatid exchange in patients observed was not different to normal control, but it was observed that the patients with measles were having low mitotic index as compared to the normal control.