黑加仑多糖对免疫功能调节作用的实验研究

目的:研究黑加仑多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法:给小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺,建立小鼠免疫功能低下模型后,以0.4,0.8和1.6g/kg的黑加仑多糖灌胃,连续10d,另设模型对照组和正常对照组。观察免疫低下小鼠的脾、胸腺指数变化情况;用分光光度法测定小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬数、抗体分泌细胞生成数、血清溶血素和IL-2等免疫指标的含量。结果:黑加仑多糖高、中、低剂量组对免疫功能低下小鼠的脾、胸腺指数有增强作用,IL-2产生增加,增强血清溶血素的功能(P0.05),其中高、中剂量组对巨噬细胞吞噬功能有增强作用(P0.05)。黑加仑多糖高剂量组对免疫功能低下小鼠抗体分泌细胞功能有增强作用(P0.05)。结论:黑加仑多糖具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

商陆多糖Ⅱ体外对小鼠脾细胞增殖及产生集落刺激因子的影响

用[³H]TdR参入法检测小鼠脾细胞增殖能力及产生集落刺激因子(colony stimulating factor. CSF)含量.证明商陆多糖Ⅱ(PAP-Ⅱ)在31～500 μg·m^-1范围内显著促进小鼠稗细胞增殖。PAP-Ⅱ,31～125 μg·ml^-1可剂量依赖性地促进Con A(1,2.8μg·ml^-1),LPS(3,10,30 μg·ml^-1)诱导的淋巴细胞细咆增殖,随着PAP-Ⅱ剂量加大,对丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反呈抑制作用。PAP-Ⅱ。10～500μg·ml^-1呈剂量及时间依赖性地促进脾细胞产生CSF,其最适剂量为100 μg·ml^-1。最佳时间为5 d,提示PAP-Ⅱ能增强免疫及促进造血功能。     

藏党参多糖对睾丸间质细胞抗氧化作用研究

目的对藏党参多糖在睾丸间质细胞的抗氧化作用进行了初步研究。方法利用不同浓度的藏党参多糖对大鼠睾丸间质细胞进行体外培养,并测定细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽超氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量。结果藏党参多糖浓度为2 mg/ml时,可以显著降低体外培养的大鼠睾丸间质细胞SOD的活力(P<0.01),降低MDA的含量(P<0.01),并提高GSH-Px的活力(P<0.01)。结论藏党参多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

孔石莼多糖的分离分析

研究孔石莼中多糖的提取分离方法，并对多糖进行了灰分、总糖、水解硫酸根含量、特性粘度等测定，以及元素分析、单糖气相色谱分析、氨基酸分析、红外光谱和核磁共振光谱等仪器分析。     

翡翠贻贝多糖抑制流感病毒在狗肾细胞中增殖的研究

目的研究翡翠贻贝多糖对流感病毒在狗肾细胞（MDCK）中增殖的抑制作用。方法采用血凝滴度测定研究翡翠贻贝多糖对MDCK细胞培养甲型流感病毒的抑制作用;通过联合用药试验研究翡翠贻贝多糖对利巴韦林抗流感病毒的协同效应。结果翡翠贻贝多糖能显著降低MDCK细胞培养流感病毒的血凝滴度;翡翠贻贝多糖与利巴韦林联合使用时,能显著抑制MDCK细胞培养流感病毒的增殖并具有相加效应。结论翡翠贻贝多糖能明显抑制MDCK细胞培养流感病毒的增殖,对利巴韦林抗流感病毒具有相加效应,具有开发成抗流感病毒生物制剂的前景。     

北沙参多糖的免疫抑制活性

北沙参为伞形科珊瑚属植物珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis F.Schmidt ex Mig.)的根,是一种常用中药,具有养阴清肺功能。据报道北沙参可延长家兔抗甲胎球蛋白抗体的存在时间。不少植物多糖,如人参、黄芪、刺五加和当归等的多糖成分,对机体的免疫功能有促进作用。为此我们观察了北沙参的多糖成分对机体免疫功能的影响。     

土牛膝提取物对正常及四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响

目的研究土牛膝提取物齐墩果酸、牛膝多糖对正常及四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠血糖的影响。方法采用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠,用邻甲苯胺法测定血糖值。结果土牛膝提取物齐墩果酸、牛膝多糖对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠的空腹血糖水平。结论土牛膝提取物齐墩果酸、牛膝多糖对糖尿病模型小鼠有较好的降糖作用。     

牛膝多糖衍生物对糖尿病大鼠胰岛细胞形态和肾功能的影响

目的：探讨牛膝多糖（AbP）及其硫酸酯和磷酸酯衍生物对糖尿病（DM）大鼠胰岛细胞形态和肾功能的影响。方法：以链脲佐菌素诱导SD大鼠致DM模型,观察AbP、牛膝多糖硫酸酯衍生物（S-AbP）和牛膝多糖磷酸酯衍生物（P-AbP）对DM大鼠血糖、胰岛细胞形态和分泌的影响;测定血清肌酐（Scr）和尿素氮（BUN）水平,观察其对DM大鼠肾功能的影响。结果：AbP及其两种衍生物均可明显降低DM大鼠的血糖浓度（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,S-AbP和P-AbP可明显减轻DM大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤,使胰岛素阳性反应细胞增多;S-AbP显著降低Scr和BUN水平（均P〈0.01）,P-AbP和AbP显著降低Scr水平（均P〈0.01）。结论：S-AbP和P-AbP对高血糖所致胰岛β细胞损伤有明显的保护和修复作用,对肾功能有不同程度的改善作用。     

The role of extracellular polymers on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm biomass and metabolic activity

Staphylococcus epidermidis is now well established as a major nosocomial pathogen, associated with indwelling medical devices. Its major virulence factor is related with the ability to adhere to indwelling medical devices and form biofilms. In this study, the biofilm matrix of four S. epidermidis clinical isolates was extracted and the polysaccharides and proteins content was quantified. The results were correlated with the total biofilm biomass (determined by crystal violet assay) and cellular metabolic activity (evaluated with XTT reduction assay). According to the results, the exopolymers studied play an important role not only on structure and biofilm biomass but also on cellular activity. Thus, the strain forming biofilms with the highest level of polysaccharides (S. epidermidis 1457) also formed thicker biofilms but with the lowest metabolic activity. The protein concentration also varied among strains, with the biofilm matrix of S. epidermidis 9142 presenting a higher concentration of proteins comparing to the remaining strains. This fact indicates the different levels of importance that matrix proteins can hold on biofilm composition among strains albeit overall, it is suggested that extracellular protein production it is not a determinative factor for biofilm total biomass. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of polysaccharides from Indocalamus tessellatus leaves and their biological studies

To the valorization of Indocalamus tessellatus（I.tessellatus） leaves for the functional food industry, the process of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction of I.tessellatus leaves polysaccharides (U-DES-ICP) was optimized by response surface methodology. In comparison to ultrasonic extracted polysaccharides (UICP) and water extracted polysaccharides (WICP), their physicochemical properties were analyzed by HPLC, HPGPC-MALLS, and FTIR, and the structure morphology was observed by SEM. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on DPPH and ABTS + assay as well. The results showed that the best DES system for U-DES-ICP was a mixture of choline chloride and malonic acid in the molar ratio of 1:4 (10% water content). The highest yield of U-DES-ICP (0.6812%) was obtained by following optimized conditions: 60 min of sonication time, 17 mL/g of liquid-solid ratio, 500W of sonication power, and 63.5 °C of sonication temperature, which was significantly higher than that of the conventional methods. The structural analysis indicated that U-DES-ICP had more uronic acid with higher molecular weight compared with UICP and WICP, the relative content of uronic acid of U-DES-ICP reached 8.364%, which was twice as much as the other two polysaccharides; its molecular weight reached up to 6.201 × 10³ KD, and the highest values of molecular weight of UICP and WICP were 1.684 × 10³ KD and 995.4 KD, U-DES-ICP which were confirmed by SEM. The antioxidant assays reflected that U-DES-ICP possessed stronger scavenging capacities both on DPPH and ABTS + radicals with IC50 (0.48 mg/mL and 0.61 mg/mL) than the other two biomacromolecules. IC50s for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging by UICP were 0.51 and 0.73 mg/mL, while 0.82 and 0.94 mg/mL were IC50s for both radical scavenging by WICP, respectively. Therefore, this study evidenced that a novel DES system could boost the extraction of I.tessellatus leaves polysaccharides, which produced a higher yield of product with stronger biological activities compared with traditional techniques.