反相高效液相色谱法测定荆芥提取物中橙皮苷含量

目的:用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定荆芥不同提取溶剂中橙皮苷含量。方法:采用梯度洗脱法对荆芥进行HPLC测定,流动相为甲醇—0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为270nm。结果:荆芥30%乙醇提取物中橙皮苷含量最高,为0.0865%。结论:结果表明此方法简便,重现性好,实验设计科学合理。荆芥与其他成分之间色谱峰形良好,可作为荆芥控制质量的方法。     

荆芥选育品系农艺性状及品质性状比较

目的:在相同条件下进行荆芥品系比较试验,为选育高产优质荆芥药材提供科学依据.方法:田问实验采用随机区组设计,收获期调查其主要农艺性状;采用水蒸气蒸馏法测定挥发油含量,HPLC测定胡薄荷酮含量.结果:S4品系比CK1增产18.63%,比CK2增产29.99%,达到极显著水平,且挥发油和胡薄荷酮含量也高于其他参比品系和对照;S16品系与CK产量上无显著差异,抗病性比较强.结论:S4品系具有增产潜力大、有效成分高等优点,有望选育成在生产上推广的优良品种.     

远志的化学成分研究Ⅱ

目的 :研究远志的化学成分。方法 :采用多种色谱方法进行分离 ,利用光谱数据结合理化分析进行结构鉴定。结果 :从远志根皮的正丁醇层中分离得到 4个蔗糖酯类化合物 ,分别鉴定为 :sibiricoseA₅(1) ,sibiricoseA₆(2 ) ,tenuifolisideA(3)和 3′ ,6 disinapoylsucrose(4 )。结论 :化合物 1和 2为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

远志提取物对小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:研究远志提取物(Ept-Ⅵ)对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法:利用动物学习记忆计算机在线检测系统,采用东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、最大电休克和自然衰老所致小鼠学习记忆障碍模型,通过跳台试验和水迷宫实验对Ept-Ⅵ的益智作用进行了观察。结果:在跳台实验中,连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ30～120 mg·kg-1·d-1,1周可明显改善12月龄BALB／C小鼠的学习和认知能力,使其在获得、巩固、再现阶段停留在安全区时间延长,错误区时间减少;连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1,2周对3 mg·kg-1·d-1东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍有明显的改善作用,表现为小鼠在学习巩固阶段安全区时间延长,错误区时间减少;而连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1, 2周可显著改善最大电休克(MES)所致小鼠学习记忆障碍。在水迷宫实验中,连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1,12周可以缩短亚硝酸钠所致学习记忆障碍小鼠到达水迷宫安全平台／出口的时间。结论:远志提取物能够在学习的多个阶段改善学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的学习记忆功能。     

Anti-Fatigue and Exercise Performance Improvement Effect of Glossogyne tenuifolia Extract in Mice

Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is a native perennial plant growing across the coastline areas in Taiwan. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of GT extract in ameliorating physical fatigue during exercise and increasing exercise performance. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly segregated into five groups (n = 10) to GT extract orally for 4 weeks, at different concentrations (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW/day): LGT 1X, MGT 2X, HGT 5X, and HGT 10X groups. Forelimb grip strength, endurance swimming time, serum biochemical marker levels, blood lipid profile and histological analysis of various organs were performed to assess the anti-fatigue effect and exercise performance of GT extract. The forelimb-grips strength and endurance-swimming time of GT-administered mice were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control. Serum glucose, creatine kinase, and lactate levels were increased significantly in the HGT 10X group. Liver marker serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) was increased in the HGT 5X and HGT 10X groups, whereas Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) was not altered. Renal markers, creatinine and uric acid levels, were not altered. Muscle and hepatic glycogen levels, which are essential for energy sources during exercise, were also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in all GT extract groups. No visible histological aberrations were observed in the vital organs after GT extract administration. The supplementation with GT extract could have beneficial effects on exercise performance and anti-fatigue function without toxicity at a higher dose.     

远志化学及药理作用研究进展

远志（Polygala tenuifolia Willd.）,又名细叶远志,是传统中药远志最重要的基源植物,具有益智安神、消痰驱肿之功效。远志中化学成分主要包含三萜皂苷类、糖酯类、哐山酮类,也含有少量的生物碱、香豆素、木质素等。研究表明,远志在抗痴呆、脑保护、镇静、抗惊厥、抗抑郁、祛痰镇咳、保护心脑血管等方面具有良好活性。同时,远志具有刺激性及毒性,但通过炮制、配伍能够使其刺激性及毒性降低。本文主要对远志的化学成分及其药理活性进行总结,为远志的研究与应用提供参考。     

BT-11 improves stress-induced memory impairments through increment of glucose utilization and total neural cell adhesion molecule levels in rat brains

In Oriental medicine, roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow have been known to be an important herb that exhibits sedative effects in insomnia, palpitation with anxiety, restlessness, and disorientation in humans. We previously reported that BT-11, extracted from those roots, improved scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities in vitro. Therefore, we proposed that BT-11 could remedy stress-induced memory deficits in rats. In this study, the stress-induced memory impairments in rats were significantly reversed almost to the control level by BT-11 treatment. To seek an active component of BT-11 that plays an important role in antipsychotic effects, we compared BT-11 with 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA), which is a constituent of those root extracts. However, the effects of TMCA were less or were not consistent with those of BT-11 in some of tests. In particular, BT-11 reversed the stress-induced reduction of glucose utilization by [(18)fluorodeoxyglucose]FDG-PET and the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in rat brains to the control levels, whereas TMCA did not. Therefore, BT-11 improved stress-induced memory impairments through increment of glucose utilization and total NCAM levels in rat brains. In conclusion, BT-11 may be strongly effective against stress-induced amnesia in rats, through the combined effects of TMCA and other active components of BT-11.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of Polygala tenuifolia root through inhibition of NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd is a well-known traditional Oriental medicine and has been prescribed for treatment of dysfunction in memorial systems and various brain inflammatory diseases. The present study was designed to validate the anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of Polygala tenuifolia root (WEPT).

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory properties of WEPT were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia model. As inflammatory parameters, the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were evaluated. We also examined the extract's effect on the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd-88) expression.

Results

WEPT suppressed LPS-induced production of NO, PGE₂, and expression of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, without causing cytotoxicity. It also significantly reduced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α. In addition, WEPT suppressed NF-κB translocation by blockade of IkappaB-α (IκB-α) degradation and inhibited TLR4 and Myd-88 expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of WEPT on LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediator production in BV2 microglia are associated with suppression of the NF-κB and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Therefore, Polygala tenuifolia extracts may be useful in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibition of inflammatory mediator production in activated microglia.     

远志抗抑郁有效部位中寡糖酯单体的分离及活性研究

目的：研究远志的抗抑郁活性成分。方法：用色谱法分离远志的化学成分，根据波谱学分析鉴定了化合物的结构，用MTT法评价其细胞毒活性。结果从远志分离得到8个化合物，分别鉴定为：西伯利亚远志糖A₁(sibiricose A₁，1)，西伯利亚远志糖A₅(sibiricose A₅，2)，tenuifoliside A(3)，西伯利亚远志糖A₆(sibiricose A₆，4)，3，4，5-三甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯(3，4，5-trimethoxycinnamate，5)，远志酮Ⅲ(polygalaxanthone Ⅲ，6)，tenuifolioses A(7)，tenuifolioses H(8)。结论：化合物1为首次从远志中分离得到,远志中的寡糖酯类成分对谷氨酸造成的PC12细胞损伤均有一定的保护作用。     

基于MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS的远志生境适宜性评价

目的 远志主产东北、华北、西北和华中地区以及四川省,不同产地的药用植物远志有明显质量差异,且远志的栽培区较为集中,在全国范围内针对远志的适宜性区划研究较少,为确定全国范围内的远志适宜区划,根据远志采样点所分布区域的生态因子,对全国范围内远志的生境适宜性进行评价分析。方法 运用MaxEnt模型筛选出影响远志生境分布的生态因子,构建评价模型,利用ArcGIS软件对远志的生境进行适宜性评价,得到全国范围内远志生境的高适宜区、中适宜区、低适宜区和不适宜区。结果 评价模型精度较高,得出远志在我国的适宜性分布区面积为3.21×10⁶ km²,其中高适宜区面积为0.52×10⁶ km²;中适宜区面积为0.96×10⁶ km²;低适宜区面积为1.73×10⁶ km²。高适宜区主要分布在山西省、河北省、山东省、陕西省、辽宁省和河南省。影响远志分布的主要生态因子有年均温变化范围、最干季度平均温度、最湿季度降水量、海拔、坡度、上层（0~30 cm）碳酸盐或石灰含量。结论 研究结果与相关文献的记载较为吻合,可为中药远志的野生资源保护与栽培种植提供理论参考。