Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin during parturition and vaginocervical stimulation in the sheep

Simultaneous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were taken from conscious sheep before, during and after parturition. Concentrations of plasma and CSF oxytocin were significantly elevated during contractions and particularly at birth. Mean prepartum CSF concentrations of oxytocin were around 55% of those found in plasma but postpartum they were up to 2-fold higher than those in plasma. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin were only significantly elevated, compared to prepartum levels, for 15 min postpartum whereas those in CSF were increased for the whole of the 120 min postpartum sampling period. Plasma, but not CSF, concentrations of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were significantly raised during contractions and birth, and for 15 min postpartum. During the prepartum period CSF AVP concentrations were 67% of those found in plasma whereas at birth plasma levels were 10-fold higher than in CSF. In a separate experiment it was shown that 5 min of mechanical vaginocervical stimulation also stimulated significant increases in CSF and plasma oxytocin concentrations and in plasma vasopressin. Results support previous work suggesting an important role for central oxytocin release in the postpartum induction of maternal behavior and demonstrate that elevated concentrations of oxytocin in the CSF are present for a greater period than in blood. Elevated plasma AVP concentrations during contractions, birth or vaginocervical stimulation may be stimulated by stress associated with these stimuli.     

薄层扫描法测定血浆中盐酸氟桂利嗪浓度及药物动力学

血浆中盐酸氟桂利嗪经硼酸缓冲液酸化后，正戊烷－异丙醇（９８：２）提取其原型，加酸使成盐溶于无机相中，再加碱后用二氯甲烷提取，样品点于硅胶ＧＦ２５４薄层板上，以环己烷－丙酮－氯仿（９：３：５）为展开剂。氟桂利嗪在２５４ｎｍ紫外灯下呈紫色斑点，Ｒｆ＝０．５４，于ＣＳ－９３０薄层扫描仪上测定，λｓ＝２１５ｎｍ、λｇ＝３１０ｎｍ，线性范围０．３￣８μｇ，平均回收率９０．０２％。用此法测定了氟桂利嗪血药浓度     

成人原发性肾病综合征血容量与肾素,醛固酮,心钠素的关系

探讨成人原发性肾病综合征(NS)血容量与肾素、醛固酮及心钠素的关系。方法 应用~(113)mInCl标记转铁蛋白稀释法测定血容量,放免法测定血浆激素水平。对水肿期NS28例、正常26例及其中NS缓解期随访18例进行检测。结果 (1)水肿期NS血容量与正常组无差别,血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)、心钠素(ANP)水平均较正常组高,白蛋白、各激素水平与血容量无显著相关;(2)缓解期与水肿期比较,总的血容量无差异,Ald、ANP显著降低,PRA、ATⅡ则无明显差异;(3)Ald与24小时尿排钠(UNaV)显著负相关。结论 Ald和ANP是NS钠排泄的主要调节因子。     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症105例临床分析及其发病机制的探讨（附4例肌纤维膜冷冻断裂电镜检查）

报告１０５例Ｄｕｃｈｅｎｎｅ型肌营养不良症（ＤＭＤ），其中男１０３例，女２例。年龄４～１９岁，平均６５岁。３２例有阳性家族史。文中对ＤＭＤ的临床表现，血清酶、肌肉病理、组织化学、电镜检查等特点进行了讨论。对其中４例骨骼肌进行肌纤维膜冷冻断裂电镜检查。结果表明，本病肌膜的Ｅ面和Ｐ面的膜蛋白颗粒密度降低，与２例正常骨骼肌相比有显著性差异，支持本病发病机理中的“膜缺陷”学说。     

Plasma Separator for Encapsulating Fluorescent Probe in Erythrocytes

Using a plasma separator, it is possible to wash large volumes of whole blood free of plasma proteins in short periods. The novelty, however, is that the same apparatus can be used to reversibly hemolyze and reseal the red blood cells (RBCs) using hypotonic and hypertonic dialysates, respectively. This technique was assessed using the fluorescent exogenous agent uranin (fluorescein sodium). Results indicate that the encapsulation of the RBCs can be completed in under 2 h. The encapsulation efficiency of the RBCs was approximately 80% with a RBC recovery rate of 75%.     

MHPG and heart rate as correlates of nonresponse to drug therapy in panic disorder patients

Little is known about biological predictors of treatment response in panic disorder (PD). In the present study heart rate, blood pressure, plasma cortisol and plasma MHPG were investigated at baseline in a sample of 44 PD patients as possible predictors for nonresponse to treatment. We used a strict definition of nonresponse to find patients who did not respond at all after 12 weeks of treatment with brofaromine or fluvoxamine. Patients were considered nonresponders when they fulfilled two criteria: they did not show a 50% reduction of agoraphobic avoidance and they still experienced panic attacks at endpoint. The variables that differed significantly between the groups were used to predict nonresponse to drug therapy. Using this strict definition of nonresponse, 15 patients (32.6%) were considered nonresponders. These patients were characterised by a higher plasma MHPG concentration and a higher heart rate at baseline. These variables were subsequently used to predict nonresponse.     

血浆置换床边治疗重型肝炎临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(简称PE)床边治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法60例病例采用常规内科治疗加PE治疗,比较PE治疗前后临床症状缓解时间及血生化变化。结果临床症状缓解迅速,黄疸减退,白蛋白、胆碱脂酶升高,PT恢复,补体上升,不影响肾功及电解质。结论PE为重型肝炎一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

LOWER POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA GLUCOSE AND INSULIN AFTER ADDITION OF ACACIA CORIACEA FLOUR TO WHEAT BREAD

Many Australian Aboriginal bushfoods contain slowly digested carbohydrate which elicit low postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses compared to Western foods, such as wheat bread. This study has shown that incorporation of flour made from a slowly digested seed, Acacia coriacea , into wheat bread (18 g/82 g wheat flour) significantly reduces the initial rise in plasma glucose levels ( p < 0.05) and the area under the plasma glucose curve ( p < 0.005) in six healthy subjects. Insulin values were also lowered at 60 minutes ( p < 0.025) and 90 minutes ( p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Acacia flour, when used to dilute wheat flour in the manufacture of breads, produces a very palatable food which could be useful in the diets of diabetic individuals.     

高敏受者肾移植术前行血浆置换的临床探讨

目的 :探讨高敏受者肾移植术前行血浆置换 (PE)的效果。方法 :12例高敏受者在肾移植术前进行PE治疗 ,37例高敏受者未行PE治疗 ,观察两组肾移植病人排斥反应发生率的差异。结果 :PE组置换前PRA值71.0 %± 19.1% ,置换后 34.3%± 17.9% ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。术后发生超排 2例 ,急性排斥 2例 ;未行PE组发生超排 2例 ,急性排斥 8例 ,两组间超排和急性排斥的发生率均无显著性差异。结论 :PE对预防超排和降低急性排斥的发生率均无明显作用。PE治疗的主要适应症为PRA大于 80 %的受者 ,能快速降低PRA值 ,有助于HLA抗体特异性分析和HLA配型。     

Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in children with the nephrotic syndrome

The aim of this study was to establish whether the criteria for the clinical effectiveness of steroids are correlated with the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in children treated with prednisone during an attack of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Thirteen patients with nephrosis were included. Prednisolone, prednisone and cortisol levels were measured using a specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisone taken at the onset of the disease. All the pharmacokinetic parameters, including the conversion of prednisone to prednisolone were similar to the data already published in children with INS. No correlation was found between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters and criteria of clinical effectiveness. Hypo-albuminaemia was significantly correlated with the area under the plasma-concentration curve but not with the elimination half-life of prednisolone. Moreover, the prednisolone elimination half-life correlated with the urinary exretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids achieved in the first 6h. The present study suggests that routine measurements of prednisolone kinetics do not help when assessing the treatment of children with INS.