ENDOCARDITIS AFTER ANGIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOPLASTY OF A SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY STENOSIS

A case of bacterial endocarditis following percutaneous angiography and angioplasty of a subclavian artery stenosis is described. Septic complications following angiography and angioplasty, and the role of prophylactic antibiotics are discussed.     

中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查

作者调查了１６１例（男：９８，女：６３）中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果：该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达ＲＤＡ值；膳食蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ、锌和铁的摄入量较低；脂肪摄入量按热能比高于３０％者约占３０％；血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低，尤其是女性；免疫球蛋白ＩｇＡ偏低，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ偏高。     

Changes in elderly suicides in the USA and the developed world 1974–87: Comparison with current homicide

Between 1974 and 1987 there were increases overall in male suicide rates in the USA, with the greatest increases among elderly men. While female suicide levels overall fell in the USA, elderly female suicide rates failed to show the same improvement. Compared with the rest of the western world, suicide rates for elderly people in the USA were among the worst. Suicide was far more prevalent than homicide, but this is not reflected in the media, where homicide is given a high profile but where there is relative silence surrounding suicide among elderly people.     

In vitro evaluation of ablation parameters of normal and fibrous aorta using smooth excimer laser coronary angioplasty

A modified exeimer laser energy delivery system was used to irradiate 100 segments of normal and fibrous aorta in vitro. The laser beam was scanned into 8 fiber bundles consisting of 50 fibers each resulting in a reduction of the applied pulse energy. The total repetition rate was increased to 150 Hz in order to keep the repetition rate per fiber bundle close to 20 Hz and to minimize thermal injury. The results demonstrate that effective ablation (etch rate per 8 pulses > 2.0 μm) occurred at an energy fluency of 50 mJ/mm² in both normal and fibrous aorta. Tissue damage (carbonization, tissue separation, fissures, cracks, and vacuolization) was in a range of 100 ± 28 to 152 ± 30 μm for normal aorta and in a range of 57 ± 35 to 110 ± 39 μm for fibrous aorta. We conclude that effective ablation of normal and fibrous human aorta can be achieved by the application of smooth excimer laser coronary angioplasty. This improvement of excimer laser technology may result in a reduction of shock wave- and cavitation-induced damage leading to a reduction of tissue injury. However, this awaits further in vitro and in vivo confirmation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Pseudodissection of the coronary artery: A variation caused by interventional tools

During PTCA immediate decisions often must be made on the basis of a less than optimum data set. We present a combination of factors which produce an incorrect perception of a coronary artery dissection. This potential must be understood by the interventionalist to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic maneuvers. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

准分子激光冠状动脉成形术的初步临床应用经验

目的：介绍准分子激光冠状动脉成形术（ＥＬＣＡ）治疗冠状动脉狭窄的临床应用经验。材料和方法：１０例冠心病患者作冠状动脉造影确认有１４支冠状动脉狭窄（狭窄率７０％～７５％者５支，９０％～１００％者９支）。全部病例均作ＥＬＣＡ手术。ＥＬＣＡ采用脉冲间期为１８０－２２０ｍｓｅｃ，光导纤维直径为１．３～１．６ｍｍ，能量密度１４．５～２１．０ｍＪ，激光频率为２０Ｈｚ。ＥＬＣＡ术后辅以球囊扩张血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）。结果：９例１３支狭窄动脉中，９支狭窄率＞９０％者，作ＥＬＣＡ＋ＰＴＣＡ成功，其中７支动脉狭窄率减至１５％以下，２支减至４０％～４５％，１例因术中导丝头断裂，失败。成功的９支动脉术后冠状动脉造影示：内膜光滑４支，毛糙３支，夹层动脉瘤１支（２月后随访消失），术中出现血栓１支。术后６个月内造影随访，３例动脉再度狭窄。结论：准分子激光冠状动脉成形术可用于ＰＴＣＡ难以成功的有钙化硬斑、挟窄段较长（＞２．０ｃｍ）和闭塞的冠状动脉，安全有效。但它并不能避免术后再狭窄的发生。     

国产Fogarty气囊导管对犬腹主动脉壁损伤的超微结构观察

为探讨国产Fogany导管的气囊直径大小及导管通过血管腔次数多少与动脉管壁急性损伤的关系,本文以14条犬为对象,研究了当Fogany导管气囊直径分别等于血管直径的1、1.5及2倍、导管通过血管腔1、2及3次时,该导管对犬腹主动脉壁所致的超微结构损伤改变。结果显示:气囊直径愈大,导管通过血管腔次数愈多,气囊对动脉内膜及肌层的损伤愈重;从轻微的内皮细胞损伤至内皮及内皮下组织的全部剥脱,以及中膜层平滑肌细胞受损,但大多数损伤局限于内膜层。本研究为此种国产Fogany气囊导管应用于临床提供了实验依据。     

Sustained improvement in myocardial perfusion four to six years after PTCA in patients with a satisfactory angiographic result, six months after the procedure

Of 46 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminalcoronary angioplasty (PTCA) from April 1980 to August 1982 andwho had a satisfactory angiographic result six months later,one died of cancer and 41 had a detailed evaluation with exercisesingle-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, 40 patients)or repeat coronary angiography (one patient), 48–78 monthsafter the procedure. During follow-up, two patients had recurrentangina due to progression of coronary artery disease requiringa second PTCA procedure of another coronary artery; one of themlater had a limited myocardial infarction in an area suppliedby the vessel initially dilated. At follow-up, only one patienthad definite angina. All but one patient had a negative exercisetest. Myocardial perfusion during exercise in the PTCA-relatedarea, assessed by SPECT, was normal in 90% of the patients andshowed a limited defect due to reversible ischaemia in the remainingfour (10%). It is concluded that patients with a less than 50%stenosis six months after PTCA show sustained improvement intheir functional status and myocardial perfusion, four to sixyears after the procedure suggesting continued patency of thecoronary artery.     

彩色多普勒超声图指导风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术91例

目的：应用彩色多普勒超声心动图指导经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的价值、方法：运用彩超对行PBMV的患进行术前术后检查，观察二尖瓣钙化程度及部位、开口形状、瓣口面积、二尖瓣返流(MR)程度、瓣下病变、左房左室大小、左房有无血栓．结果：91例PBMV术后患中，术后MR72例，其中MR新出现19例，MR加重8例、与术前对比，术后二尖瓣开放幅度、二尖瓣口面积、二尖瓣跨瓣压、二尖瓣压差半降时间较术前有明显改善趋势，左房内径、肺动脉内径较术前有缩小趋势．同时，术后左房压、右室压及肺动脉压也有下降趋势。结论：彩超能明确PBMV治疗二尖瓣狭窄的效果。影响：PBMV效果的因素较多，但二尖瓣钙化的程度、部位和瓣膜形态较为重要。     

80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术麻醉体会

对 2 45例 80岁以上老年病人髋关节手术的麻醉进行如下处理 :术前全面估计病人的全身情况和心、肺等重要脏器的功能状态 ,使病人的全身状态调整到最佳水平 ;首选连续硬膜外麻醉有其优点 ;小剂量、分次给药 ,避免麻醉阻滞平面过广 ;此手术创伤大 ,失血多 ,以及应用骨黏合剂 ,有可能出现心血管反应 ,应及时补充血容量 ,并纠正不良反应 ;肺组织退行性变 ,血氧分压降低 ,术中、术后常规吸氧 ;加强术后监测、护理 ,预防易发生的并发症