异丙基肾上腺素损伤的大鼠心肌线粒体中细胞色素氧化酶的复活研究

大鼠在异丙基肾上腺素损伤后(每千克大鼠体重异丙基肾上腺素用量为0.1mg,每24h腹腔注射一次,连续8次),其心肌线粒体中细胞色素氧化酶活力下降61.2％。当损伤的心肌线粒体中加入心磷脂及卵磷脂后,细胞色素氧化酶的活力随添加磷脂含量的增加而提高,当磷脂浓度达到一定程度后,酶活力可恢复到正常大鼠的水平。     

Reduction of p-benzoquinone in the presence of phospholipid molecules in a lipophilic environment at the thin benzonitrile layer modified electrode

Electrochemical reduction of p-benzoquinone (BQ) across the benzonitrile (BN) layer was investigated in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. Using the method reported by Shi and Anson (Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 3114), we produced a modified electrode with a thin BN layer of 200 m thickness containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. We could observe a two-step reduction process of BQ in the absence of lipid molecules in the BN layer, like that recorded in aprotic solvents. However, introducing 1.0 mM dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the BN layer, the redox response of BQ accompanying the formation of the hydrated form of BQ could be observed as it was formed in aqueous solution simultaneously with the two-step reduction of BQ. Judging from the pH dependence of the redox potential, we believe that HBQ was generated in the reduction of BQ with dilauroyl–PC. This indicates that the hydrated form of the phosphate group (–P(O)OH) provides H⁺ on the reduction of BQ even in BN. Thus, the function of dilauroyl–PC to carry H⁺ in the lipophilic atmosphere has been clarified. The same function was found in the case of dipalmitoyl–PC, while the redox response involving the hydrated form of BQ was not observed with diarachidoyl–PC, which has longer alkyl chains.     

Measurement of the total choline content in 48 commercial dairy products or dairy alternatives

In this work, the total choline and choline-containing moieties (free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) of 48 dairy products or dairy alternatives available in Canada were determined by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The average total choline content for one serving of fluid milk and alternative (i.e. 250 mL as defined by Canada's Food Guide) was 32.9 ± 2.4 mg for cow's milk, 24.9 ± 0.1 mg for goat's milk and 31.2 ± 4.2 mg for soy beverage. The average total choline content for one serving of yogurt (175 g) was 25.6 ± 3.2 mg. One serving of cheese (50 g) provided 7.1 ± 1.1 mg of total choline on average. Our data show that for dairy products there is a negative correlation between the total choline content on a dry weight basis and the fat content (r = −0.734, P < 0.001). Overall, we determined the choline content of a variety of dairy products which can supplement the data in the existing United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) choline database and be used in accurately estimating dietary choline intake in epidemiological studies. Hence, dairy products are a good source of choline with low fat products generally being a better source of choline than high fat dairy products.     

A five years experience of subcutaneous chemical lipolysis with phosphatidylcholine injections

Instead the fact that chemical lipolysis through phosphatidylcholin injections really works, this procedure eliminating limited fat deposits remains confidential in France. Inconstant results, necessity to repeat injections, unclear legacy may explain that this very basic procedure remains unsuccessful. We have proceeded to lipolysis injections for five years on a very limited number of patients: in our hands, it may be efficient on puffy cheeks, double chin, superficial cellulitis, liposuction and lipofilling sequellaes. Eyelid bags may also be considered but not recommended. On the other hand, chemical lipolysis cannot compete with liposuction. We have not noticed any drawbacks or complications which confirm the lipolysis network practitioners' opinion in more than 1000 users.     

枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗NAFLD疗效及对血清Pygo2、HMGB1和HIF-1α的影响

目的 探讨枯草杆菌二联活菌联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者的疗效及其对血清人尾肢同源蛋白2（Pygo2）、高迁移率族蛋白B1（HMGB1）和人缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）的影响。方法 2015年6月~2016年6月我院诊治的78例NAFLD患者被随机分为观察组39例和对照组39例,分别给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱和枯草杆菌二联活菌或单纯多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,观察3 m。采用ELISA法检测血清Pygo2、HMGB1和HIF-1α水平。结果 在治疗3 m末,观察组血清TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平分别为（1.2±0.2） mmol/L、（4.1±0.2） mmol/L、（3.1±0.1） mmol/L和（3.9±0.3） mmol/L,与对照组的（1.6±0.3） mmol/L、（5.1±0.3） mmol/L、（3.5±0.2） mmol/L和（3.2±0.2） mmol/L比,存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;血清MDA和SOD水平分别为（4.4±0.7） μmol/L和（168.9±15.7） U/L,与对照组的（5.4±0.8）μmol/L和（154.4±15.3） U/L比,存在显著性差异（P<0.05）;血清Pygo2、HMGB1和HIF-1α水平分别为（41.5±3.4） μg/L、（15.7±4.6） μg/L和（24.5±4.6） μg/L,明显低于对照组[（48.2±3.7） μg/L、（26.4±5.1） μg/L和（32.6±4.7） μg/L,P<0.05];脂肪肝分度为正常、轻度、中度和重度的比例分别为56.4%、35.9%、5.1%和2.6%,显著优于对照组(分别为10.3%、30.8%、41.0%和17.9%,P<0.05)。结论 枯草杆菌二联活菌联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗NAFLD患者效果显著,可有效改善血脂水平,减轻氧化应激状态,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

水飞蓟宾葡甲胺联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗酒精性脂肪肝患者初步临床研究

目的 探讨水飞蓟宾葡甲胺联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗酒精性脂肪肝患者的疗效。方法 选取本院2014年10月~2015年10月诊治的酒精性脂肪肝患者164例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,对照组患者82例采用多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,观察组患者82例采用水飞蓟宾葡甲胺联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后血脂指标、肝功能指标、影像学检查指标的变化。结果 在治疗3个月末,观察组患者血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、谷氨酰转肽酶分别为（3.8±0.6） mmol/L、（1.3±0.2）mmol/L、（2.3±0.2） mmol/L、（47.3±7.2）U/L、（41.7±8.0） U/L、（46.5±7.3） U/L,显著低于对照组的（4.4±0.5）mmol/L、（1.5±0.2） mmol/L、（2.8±0.3） mmol/L、（58.1±12.4） U/L、（55.6±9.9） U/L和（67.8±10.1） U/L（P<0.01）;观察组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为（1.3±0.2） mmol/L,显著高于对照组的（1.1±0.2） mmol/L（P<0.01）;观察组影像学检查提示重度、中度、轻度、正常肝脏表现者分别为1例（1.2%）、11例（13.4%）、33例（40.2%）、37例（45.1%）,显著好于对照组的6例（7.3%）、19例（23.2%）、45例（54.9%）、12例（14.6%,P<0.01）。结论 水飞蓟宾葡甲胺联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗酒精性脂肪肝可明显改善酒精性脂肪肝患者血脂指标和肝功能指标。     

NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells in the presence of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides: Implication for ageing

Lipid peroxidation traditionally has been regarded as the major process causing damage to the brain by oxygen radicals and, subsequently, some forms of age-related deterioration. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is at risk for oxidative damage. Although a great number of reports have associated lipid peroxidation with neurodegenerative diseases, the precise target of lipid peroxidation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the precise target of lipid hydroperoxides in neuronal cells. In this study, we showed the deleterious effect of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOHs) on PC12 cells before and after differentiation into neuronal cells. Cell viability was significantly decreased in differentiated cells treated with PCOOH compared to undifferentiated cells treated in a similar way. PCOOH disrupted the formation of neurites and neuronal microtubules, which consist mainly of tubulin. Our results showed that differentiated cells were more vulnerable than undifferentiated cells to PCOOH and that PCOOH could attack microtubule-tubulin systems. This is the first study to clarify the neuronal loss of PC12 cells in the presence of PCOOH produced in early stages of neurodegenerative disease.     

Roles of bile acid conjugates and phospholipids in in vitro activation of pancreatic lipase by bear bile and cattle bile

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Bear bile (BB) originally used as a traditional Chinese medicine has also been adopted in Japan as a traditional home remedy mainly for gastrointestinal problems due to impaired digestion. However, recently, efforts have been made to find alternatives to BB for ecological and ethical reasons.

Aims of the study

To find alternatives to BB for facilitating fat digestion, we compared the potency of cattle bile (CB) or synthetic mixtures of major bile components to activate pancreatic lipase with that of BB.

Materials and methods

The compositions of bile acid conjugates and phospholipids in BB and CB were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, respectively. The effects of BB and CB as well synthetic mixtures of bile acid conjugates and phospholipids on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro were examined.

Results

BB and CB contained markedly different types and quantities of bile acid conjugates and phospholipids, although the potencies of BB and CB to activate pancreatic lipase were not significantly different. The potency of BB to activate pancreatic lipase was reconstituted by the major bile acid conjugates and phospholipids found in BB. In contrast, only bile acid conjugates found in CB could reconstitute its potency to activate pancreatic lipase.

Conclusions

Our observations indicate that CB or the synthetic mixture of bile components can be used as an alternative to BB for facilitating fat digestion.     

基于均匀设计的防治非酒精性脂肪肝中药有效组分复方研究

目的：基于几种既往研究被证实有良好抗脂肪肝作用的中药有效组分,探求具有防治非酒精性脂肪肝作用的由中药有效组分组成的复方。方法：采用高脂饮食（10%猪油＋2%胆固醇＋88%基础饲料）诱导的大鼠NAFLD模型（10周）,以红景天苷,绞股蓝总苷,姜黄素,山楂总黄酮,白术多糖为研究对象,运用均匀设计法＂5因素10水平设计表＂分组设计;以大鼠肝组织甘油三酯（TG）为筛选指标,并经多元回归分析获得＂最佳配方＂。以最佳配方为观察对象,以多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊为对照,采用上述动物模型,通过观察肝组织TG含量和血清ALT活性的变化,对所得配方的治疗效果进行验证实验。结果：最佳有效组分配方为红景天苷5.77 mg/kg＋绞股蓝总苷17.68 mg/kg＋姜黄素4.35 mg/kg＋白术多糖69.75 mg/kg,验证实验显示该配方疗效显著,优于多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊（P〈0.05）。结论：1由红景天苷、绞股蓝总苷、姜黄素、白术多糖特定比例组成的有效组分复方具有较好的防治实验性脂肪肝的效应;2均匀设计在中药有效组分配伍研究中有重要应用价值和意义。