Cetuximab conjugated vitamin E TPGS micelles for targeted delivery of docetaxel for treatment of triple negative breast cancers

We developed a system of Cetuximab-conjugated micelles of vitamin E TPGS for targeted delivery of docetaxel as a model anticancer drug for treatment of the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which shows no expression of either one of the hormone progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER) and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is thus more difficult to be treated than the positive breast cancer. Such micelles are of desired particle size, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile. Their surface morphology, surface charge and surface chemistry were also characterized. The fibroblast cells (NIH3T3), HER2 overexpressed breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3), ER and PR overexpressed breast cancer cells (MCF7), and TNBC cells of high, moderate and low EGFR expression (MDA MB 468, MDA MB 231 and HCC38) were employed to access in vitro cellular uptake of the coumarin 6 loaded TPGS micelles and cytotoxicity of docetaxel formulated in the micelles. The high IC50 value, which is the drug concentration needed to kill 50% of the cells in a designated period such as 24 h, obtained from Taxotere^® showed that the TNBC cells are indeed more resistant to the free drug than the positive breast cancer cells. However, the therapeutic effects of docetaxel could be greatly enhanced by the formulation of Cetuximab conjugated TPGS micelles, which demonstrated 205.6 and 223.8 fold higher efficiency than Taxotere^® for the MDA MB 468 and MDA MB 231 cell lines respectively.     

网络环境下基于慕课的药物分析学PBL教学模式研究

为了研究基于慕课的以问题为导向教学方法在药物分析教学中的作用,兰州大学药学院药物分析研究所选取试验组44人,对照组38人,分别按照基于慕课的以问题为导向教学方法和传统的讲授式教学方法进行授课,通过两组学生期末成绩以及调查问卷的方式,对此次教学改革进行综合评估,结果两组学生期末成绩水平相当。基于慕课的以问题为导向教学方法在药物分析教学中得到了初步肯定,其有效性和实用性尚需在大规模教学实践中进行检验和完善。     

Assessing the pharmacy students’ knowledge of common medical terms after a curricular change in Saudi Arabia

Medical terminology is the vocabulary used to describe the human body and its conditions; fluency in this language is essential for health care professionals. We examined the level of basic medical terminology understanding among 347 pharmacy students in four different colleges of pharmacy in Saudi Arabia using a newly developed test of 30 multiple choice questions. Students in the relatively new colleges of pharmacy were more likely to have a higher score in the medical terminology test compared to their counterparts from the old college of pharmacy (β = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.16–2.30, P-value = 0.02). Female gender (β = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.57–2.88, P-value = 0.003), and advanced class level (β = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.36–1.32, P-value < 0.001) were also positively associated with high medical terminology test scores. The findings of this study reveal a deficiency in the pharmacy students’ level of understanding of basic medical terms which may necessitate a reintroduction of the medical terminology course into the pharmacy curriculum.     

Incredible pharmaceutical residues in human milk in a cohort study from Şanlıurfa in Turkey

Maternal milk is essential for optimum growth and development of an infant. The aim was to examine the presence of pharmaceutical residuals in breastmilk. This cohort study enrolled 90 healthy mother-infant pairs at 5−14 days after delivery and a control examination was performed 4–8 weeks later. Milk samples were taken at both visits. RANDOX Infiniplex kit performed residual analysis. More than half of mothers (54.4 %) had anti-inflammatory drug residues in at least one milk sample: those were 52.2 % for tolfenamic acid and 2.2 % for meloxicam and 1.1 % for metamizole. The most frequent residue group included the beta-lactam antibiotic group, which was detected in 93.3 % of mothers’ milk. The second one was the quinolone group (81.1 %). One-third of mothers expressed nitroxynil and one-fifth polymyxin in at least one sample. Almost all mothers had some unexpected drug residues in their milk. Additional studies from other countries can display maternal environmental exposures.     

药品批发企业质量管理体系运行中内审问题分析与对策研究

目的： 分析药品批发企业质量管理体系运行中存在的普遍问题,提出改善药品批发企业质量体系内审管理水平的具体实施建议,持续改进批发企业质量管理水平,控制药品经营环节风险,保证药品质量。方法： 对328家药品批发企业GSP认证申报资料及现场检查报告中发现的企业内审工作中存在的具体问题进行汇总、整理、分析原因,发现当前企业普遍存在的问题,并探讨改进措施。结果与结论： 药品批发企业应通过完善内审管理,建立完整严谨的标准和工作流程,强化企业内审工作的权威性和独立性,建立企业全员参与机制,提高内审人员的综合素质和能力;寻找质量管理体系文件贯彻执行的偏差;在体系关键要素发生重大变化或调整后,完善新经营环境下质量管理体系。从而确保企业在药品采购、储存、销售、运输等日常经营过程中均严格执行药品GSP,确保企业质量管理体系保持健康正常的运行。     

基层医疗机构多学科主题药学查房模式的探索与实践

目的：探索适合基层医疗机构的新药学查房工作模式,为临床药师开展药事服务提供参考。方法：于2019年建立以主题为导向的多学科联合药学查房模式,建立健全药学查房的内容和流程,对药学查房用药干预类别及临床接受率进行统计分析。结果：主题药学查房共涉及10个主题,干预用药问题247例,临床接受干预231例,接受率为93.52%。开展多学科主题药学查房后,本院抗菌药物使用率、住院抗菌药物使用强度、抗菌药物使用金额比例及一类切口围手术期预防用药率均低于未开展前;基本药物使用率和处方合格率均高于未开展前（P<0.05）。结论：医院开展多学科主题药学查房模式,可有效提升临床合理用药水平,优化药学服务质量。     

小分子ERK抑制剂的研究进展

细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）是一种丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。作为RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK信号通路中关键的下游蛋白,其异常活化在肿瘤的发生发展中起着重要作用。选择性ERK1/2抑制剂能够阻断ERK信号通路,同时克服上游靶点突变而导致的耐药性。本文概述了MAPK信号通路的组成、ERK的结构与功能以及ERK信号通路在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,并重点介绍一些具有代表性的处于临床和临床前研究阶段的ERK抑制剂。     

药学干预对社区糖尿病治疗的成本效果观察

目的：观察社区糖尿病在药学干预下的成本效果比。方法选取190例糖尿病患者进行为期1年的药学干预,分析干预前与干预后第12个月糖尿病患者的总效果、降糖效果、降压效果、降脂效果的成本效果比。结果干预后第12个月总效果、降糖效果、降压效果、降脂效果的成本效果比分别为275.4、157.0、240.9、184.5,比干预前有较大幅度下降。结论药学干预能够提高社区糖尿病的治疗效果,从而降低治疗成本。     

Effect of pharmaceutical care on medication adherence and hospital admission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomized controlled study

Background

Poor adherence leads to a high rate of exacerbation and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few strategies are acceptable and effective in improving medication adherence. We investigated whether pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists could reinforce medication adherence to reduce exacerbation and improve HRQoL.

Methods

A randomized controlled study was carried out at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from February 2012 to January 2014. Non-adherence patients were randomly assigned to receive pharmaceutical care or to usual care. The pharmaceutical care consisted of individualized education and a series of telephone counseling for 6 months provided by clinical pharmacists. Medication adherence was measured by pill counts plus direct interview at 1- and 6-month pharmaceutical care and one-year follow-up. Severe exacerbations were defined as events that led to hospitalization for acute COPD attack. An interview was conducted to investigate hospital admissions and evaluate severe exacerbations at one-year follow-up. HRQoL was measured by St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire at 6 months.

Results

At 6-month pharmaceutical care and one-year follow-up, the pharmaceutical care group exhibited higher medication adherence than the usual care group (73.4±11.1 vs. 55.7±11.9, P=0.016 and 54.4±12.5 vs. 66.5±8.6, P=0.039, respectively). There are 60 acute exacerbations resulted in a hospital admission in the usual group while 37 ones in the pharmaceutical care group during one-year follow-up (P=0.01). Hospital admissions due to acute exacerbation in the pharmaceutical care group were 56.3% less than the usual care group (P=0.01). There was a significant difference in the symptoms and impact subscales respectively at 6-month pharmaceutical care between two groups (P=0.032, P=0.018).

Conclusions

Individualized pharmaceutical care improved medication adherence, reduced hospitalization and elevated HRQoL in patients with COPD.