Application of oxidants to the spectrophotometric determination of amlodipine besylate in pharmaceutical formulations

Three new spectrophotometric methods for the determination of amlodipine besylate have been proposed. The first two methods, i.e. A and B, are based on the oxidation of the drug with Fe(III) and the estimation of Fe(II) produced after chelation with either 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2'-bipyridyl at 500 and 515 nm, respectively. The Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 2-10 and 4-14 microg ml(-1) with molar absorptivity of 2.9 x 10(4) and 2.7 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1) for methods A and B, respectively. The third procedure depends on the interaction of amlodipine besylate with ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate, which resulted in the formation of molybdenum blue (lambda(max) 825 nm). The linear dynamic range and the molar absorptivity values were found to be 15-59 microg ml(-1) and 1.8 x 10(4) l mol(-1) cm(-1), respectively. The results of the proposed procedures were validated statistically and compared with those obtained by the reference method. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of amlodipine besylate in commercial tablets.     

A size-exclusion HPLC method for the determination of sodium chondroitin sulfate in pharmaceutical preparations

A size-exclusion HPLC method for the determination of sodium chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed and validated. The most important feature of this method compared with the previously reported assay methods was improved economical and determinative applications through direct analysis of SCS from pharmaceuticals. The linearity, precision, specificity, and accuracy of the method were established and validated. The intra- and inter-day precision was satisfactory with relative standard deviation lower than 1.0%. The recovery of SCS from multi-components pharmaceutical preparations were from 93.38 to 100.46%. Comparing our HPLC assay results with classical spectrophotometric methods, the developed method was considerably easy, simple and reproducible. As a result, the present method was supposed to be successfully applied to the assay of SCS for the routine quality control in pharmaceutical preparations.     

Potentiometric determination of acetylsalicylic acid by sequential injection analysis (SIA) using a tubular salicylate-selective electrode

This paper deals with the development of an automated procedure for formulation assays and dissolution tests based on a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system involving an ion-selective electrode as sensing device. Construction of a tubular salicylate (Sal) selective electrode suitable for potentiometric determination of acetylsalicylic acid (Asa) in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The flow-through electrode is formed by a PVC membrane containing 29.2% (w/w) PVC, 5.8% (w/w) tetraoctylammonium salicylate (ionic sensor), 58.5% o-nitrophenyloctylether (plasticizer) and 6.5% (w/w) p-tert-octylphenol (stabilising additive which increases electrode selectivity). The calibration range is 0.05–10 mM Sal, the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.05 mM Sal, the slope is 56.0 mV per decade at 22°C. The R.S.D. is 0.20% (15 readings) when determining 2.5 mM Sal in standard solution. The electrode is used for sensing Asa after its on-line chemical hydrolysis to Sal in a SIA system. The sampling rate is 6 h⁻¹ but for the dissolution tests the frequency is increased to 20 h⁻¹. The SIA set-up is employed for the assay of Asa in plain tablets, composed tablets and effervescent tablets and for performing dissolution tests of normal and sustained release tablets. Results obtained by this technique compare well with those required by the US Pharmacopoeia XXIV.     

呼吸科临床药学服务的案例分析

目的探讨临床药师在呼吸科的作用。方法对比分析我院临床药师在对医生用药行为实施干预前、后的用药情况。结果与结论临床药师对医师的用药方案进行调整，可提高药物治疗水平、降低医疗成本、缩短疗程。临床药师可充分发挥专业特长，在促进合理用药、提升我院疾病治疗的竞争力方面发挥积极作用。     

对某基层医疗机构药事管理混乱引发问题的思考

对某基层医疗机构在药事管理工作中存在的违规问题及其原因进行分析,提出了应加大药事管理工作的监管力度,规范基层医疗机构药事管理工作行为的建议。     

成人药学教育中教学质量标准及课程体系的构建

通过对成人药学教育质量标准的分析，从投入、过程、效果三个方面入手，确立成人药学教育质量标准。在质量标准的指导下，分析成人药学教育课程体系现状，探讨成人药学教育课程体系的构建原则，构建具有学校特色和成人特色的药学课程体系。     

微粉化乌贝分散片工艺研究及药效验证

目的筛选微粉化乌贝分散片的处方和制备工艺,对剂型改变前后的药效进行比较。方法按照《中国药典》2005年版附录对分散片的要求,以休止角、硬度、外观、脆碎度、分散均匀性做为考察指标筛选处方和工艺,采用小鼠利血平胃溃疡模型考察两种剂型药效变化。结果按优选处方制备微粉化乌贝分散片,可在3min内完全崩解,且同等剂量下药效优于散剂。结论微粉化乌贝分散片服用、携带及药效明显优于散剂。     

Chromatographic analysis of bisphorphonates

Chromatographic analysis of bisphosphonates in the past has been based primarily on reversedphase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and ion-exchange chromatography. Gas chromatography (GC) and recently even capillary electrophoresis have also been employed. For bioanalysis, pretreatment of the sample is a major part of the analysis; protein precipitation, calcium precipitation, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization have demonstrated to play an important role in bisphosphonate assays. For some of these treatments, for example SPE and derivatization, automation may be possible. Derivatization is a prerequisite for GC analysis of bisphosphonates; a volatile derivative has to be formed. For liquid chromatography, two types of derivatization are known for bisphosphonates. First, the bisphosphonate side chain can be modified by a chemical reaction to yield a derivative with advantageous chromatographic and spectroscopic properties. Secondly, by complexation of both phosphonate groups or of phosphate after decomposition of the analyte, a coloured complex can be formed. The most sensitive bioanalytical methods are based on RPLC and fluorescence detection, if necessary after derivatization. If low detection limits are not required, for example for analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, non-specific detection methods can be applied.