喉癌、下咽癌颈廓清组织中转移淋巴结的分布研究

对54侧经临床检查或／和CT扫描确诊为有淋巴结转移而行预廓清的标本进行病理学观察，发现：喉癌、下咽癌淋巴结转移有一定规律可循，即LevelⅡ、Ⅲ有较高的转移率，LevelⅣ、Ⅵ的发生率较低，而LevelⅠ、LevelⅤ很少发生转移。提示：喉癌、下咽癌病人的颈廓清的施术应在颈LevelⅡ～Ⅳ廓清的同时行同侧甲状腺侧叶的切除以将颈中器官周围淋巴结清扫彻底。对LevelⅠ，LevelⅤ的清扫应在临床触诊、CT检查的证实下或术中发现转移时方可进行．以减少颈廓清手术范围、手术时间和术后并发症的发生。     

Effect of peritoneal fluid from patients with mild and severe endometriosis on endometrial stromal cell proliferation

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the mitogenic effect of peritoneal fluid (PF) from women with mild and severe endometriosis on the endometrial stromal cell proliferation. Increasing concentrations of PF from women with and without mild or severe endometriosis were added to primary endometrial stromal cell cultures and³H-thymidine incorporation was used to assess DNA synthesis in these cultures. PF from women with mild endometriosis induced a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in stromal cell thymidine uptake ranged from 5.8 to 14.5 fold, whereas PF from women with severe endometriosis produced an average 51% inhibition of stromal cell proliferation of compared with cells exposed to non-endometriosis PF or exposed to nutrient medium supplemented with 2.5% calf serum alone. PF samples from patients with stage I endometriosis induced a statistically dose-dependent increase in stromal cell proliferation, whereas PF from patients with stage IV endometriosis caused a significant inhibition.     

Macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis is not reliable in colon cancer

Background Japanese surgeons have to macroscopically assess nodal metastasis from colon cancer according to the general rules established in Japan. Adjuvant therapy is sometimes started after macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis. Macroscopic assessment, however, is difficult in many cases. Methods We evaluated the reliability of macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis in colon cancer by (1) comparing the number of nodes picked up macroscopically with that of nodes recognized microscopically, and (2) by comparing the number of metastatic nodes found between macroscopic and microscopic examination. Results The number of nodes found during macroscopic examination was equal to that found in microscopic examination in only 52 of 206 cases (25%). Although 120 of 206 cases (58%) were judged macroscopically to have metastatic nodes, 61 had no metastatic nodes found microscopically. Sensitivity and specificity for the recognition of cases with nodal metastasis was 85.5% and 55.5%, respectively. The number of metastatic nodes in macroscopic examination was equal to that in microscopic examination in 90 cases (44%). Conclusion Because macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis is not reliable, physicians should not rely on macroscopic assessment to indicate the need for further therapy, such as adjuvant chemotherapy. The recommendation for macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis should be eliminated from the general rules in Japan.     

Myc基因家族在喉癌中的异常扩增及其意义

目的探讨Ｍｙｃ基因家族在喉癌中的异常扩增及其临床意义。方法应用ＰＣＲ非变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳激光扫描技术检测了３２例喉癌组织、１２例癌旁组织和６例正常组织。结果正常组织细胞Ｍｙｃ基因无扩增，３２例喉癌中４７％（１５／３２）有Ｃｍｙｃ和Ｌｍｙｃ扩增，４１％（１３／３２）有Ｎｍｙｃ基因扩增。Ｍｙｃ基因扩增率与年龄、性别、喉癌临床分期及分化程度无关（Ｐ＞０．０５），但有淋巴结转移的患者的Ｎｍｙｃ扩增率明显高于无淋巴结转移者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｍｙｃ基因３个成员异常扩增是喉癌发生的原因之一，Ｎｍｙｃ扩增在喉癌淋巴结转移过程中可能起正性调控作用。     

Clinical study on the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus (an analysis of 200 cases)

Objective: To study the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus. Methods: 200 cases of resected esophageal cancer specimens were carefully examined pathologically. Lymphnode metastasis, its pathway and extent in relation to pathological changes were analyzed. Results: Lymphnode metastasis was mainly regional and extended vertically in both directions. Leaping-over metastasis was another feature. The deeper invasion by the tumor, the higher frequencies of metastasis development, and vice versa. However, leaping-over metastasis was more likely to occur where tumor invasion was less severe. Conclusion: Owing to the high frequency of lymphnode metastasis in the superior mediastinum and the widely spanned leaping-over metastasis, an operative approach by three incisions through right thoracotomy with excision of the whole segment of esophagus and anastomosis at cervical region was recommended, in order to dissect lymphnodes in the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions and to leave less or no metastatic lymphnodes behind.     

Homotypic Adhesion through Carcinoembryonic Antigen Plays a Role in Hepatic Metastasis Development

We established a cell line with high metastatic potential to the liver (LS-LM4) after four successive repetitions of splenic injection of liver-metastatic cells in SCID mice. This cell line strongly expressed CEA and showed increased homotypic adhesion as compared with the parent cell line (LS174T). To examine the role of CEA in the increased homotypic adhesion, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody and subjected to an in vitro adhesion and aggregation assay. Further, to study the role of CEA in the hepatic metastasis of cells with high metastatic potential, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody, and the inhibition of hepatic metastasis after splenic injection in vivo was examined. There was a 62% decrease in the homotypic adhesion of anti-CEA antibody-treated (100 μg/ml) LS-LM4 cells under a Ca²⁺-free condition as compared with the control ( P <0.01). Anti-CEA antibody (100 μg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation under a Ca²⁺-free condition ( P <0.05). Treatment with anti-E-cadherin antibody (60 μ/ml) plus anti-CEA antibody (100 μg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation more potently than anti-E-cadherin antibody treatment alone in the presence of Ca²⁺. In vivo , there was a 75% decrease in the number of hepatic metastatic nodules in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control group ( P <0.01). Similarly, there was a 40% decrease in the diameter of metastatic nodules and there was a 90% decrease in total tumor volume of hepatic metastasis in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control ( P <0.01). These results suggest that increased metastatic potential to the liver is at least partly due to increased homotypic binding mediated by CEA.     

Metastasis to the iris in squamous cell lung cancer

A 72-year-old Japanese woman, suffering from squamous cell lung cancer with brain metastasis, underwent 2 courses of combination chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin and vindesine. Although both the primary tumor and the brain metastasis regressed markedly, she developed left ocular pain with blurred vision. An abnormal mass was found in the left iris, and cytologic examination of the aqueous aspirate revealed a few malignant cells, which, when examined by electron microscopy, were considered to be derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.     

Assessment of vascularity in breast carcinoma by computer-assisted video analysis (CAVA) and its association with axillary lymph node status

Case-control methodology was used to evaluate the significance of vascularity in small breast carcinomas with regard to the presence or absence of axillary lymph node metastases. Vascularity was assessed in 32 axillary node positive primary breast tumours (LN+ve) less than 2 cm in size and compared with 56 control axillary node negative primary tumours (LN–ve), which were matched for histological type and grade and tumour size. This study design employed computer-assisted video analysis (CAVA) to assess the total blood vessel perimeter (BVP), total blood vessel area (BVA), and total blood vessel density (BVD) throughout a tissue section that encompassed an entire cross section of the tumour and its immediate periphery. The BVA and BVD in these tumours were not significantly different between LN+ve and LN–ve groups. The LN–ve carcinomas had, on average, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total BVP (3355 µm/mm²) than LN+ve tumours (2771 µm/mm²). 'Hot spot' areas were also independently assessed by two pathologists and the same areas measured by CAVA. A strong correlation (P < 0.001) between the two methods of assessment of BVD of the neovascular 'hot spots' was found; however, no association with axillary lymph node metastasis was found using either method of assessment. In conclusion, vascularity assessed by either blood vessel density or blood vessel size in primary invasive breast cancers less than 2 cm in diameter showed no association with axillary lymph node metastasis; in fact a negative association was found with total BVP of whole tumour sections and BVD in 'hot spots' using CAVA. Further, this study has established a computer-assisted method of quantifying vascularity in solid neoplasms and is a positive step towards a standardised approach to this diverse and methodologically variable area.     

术前放疗控制声门上型喉癌患者的颈部复发(附201例随机对照研究)

目的研究术前放疗对声门上型喉癌患者颈部淋巴结转移的控制作用。方法随机对照的声门上型喉癌患者共２１０例，９例失随，不包括在此分析中，其余２０１例均随诊３年以上或到死亡，其中放疗＋手术９９例（包括１５例未完成治疗），术前放疗量４０Ｇｙ。单纯手术１０２例。结果两组Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ生存曲线差异无显著性；采用Ｃｏｘ回归模型分析发现，与单纯手术组相比，放疗＋手术组颈部复发的相对危险性有下降趋势（Ｐ＝０．１５７）。放疗＋手术组中Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者的颈淋巴结复发率明显低于单纯手术组Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者（Ｐ＝０．０１９８），后组颈部复发的相对危险性是前组的１．７６６倍。但Ⅳ期患者两随机组颈部复发率相似。在多因素分析中，只有ＴＮＭ分期和病理有无颈淋巴结转移是影响颈部复发有意义的因素。颈清扫对侧或未清扫侧颈部淋巴结复发是颈部复发的主要部位，占６９％。对侧颈部复发较多地发生于晚期（Ｐ＝０．０２０）和未接受过放射治疗的患者（Ｐ＝０．０１８）。结论研究表明，术前放疗４０Ｇｙ对Ⅰ～Ⅲ期患者颈部淋巴结复发控制有效，但对Ⅳ期患者作用不大。