护理干预对心内科住院患者睡眠质量的临床效果观察

目的 探讨护理干预对心内科住院患者睡眠质量的临床效果.方法 收集心内科住院高血压患者90例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例,采用国际通用的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数及调查表进行评分及调查.结果 护理干预后,治疗组在主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物运用、日间功能障碍各项均优于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组的收缩压与舒张压均优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 医护人员对高血压患者进行常规药物治疗时,应注重改善患者睡眠质量,积极干预影响睡眠的危险因素.     

Crossing borders: Discussing the evidence relating to the mental health needs of women exposed to female genital mutilation

The terms ‘Female Circumcision’ (FC), ‘FG Cutting’ (FGC) and ‘FG Mutilation’ (FGM) refer to procedures involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non‐medical reasons. In practicing countries, FGC/FC is more widely used, as it is believed to be inoffensive, providing more impartial ways of discussing the practice. Positive beliefs about FC/FGC include virginity, marriage prospects, family reputation, or passage to adulthood. Regardless of terminology, the practice exists in at least 28 African counties, and a few Asian and Middle Eastern countries. In Western society, FGM is considered a breach of human rights, being outlawed in a number of countries. With immigration trends, FGC is now prominent in Western society among practicing communities. While the past decade has seen an increase in studies and recommendations for health‐care support related to the physical health consequences of FGM, little is known about the psychological impact and its management. For many girls and women, FGC is a traumatic practice, transforming it to FGM and affecting their mental health. This discussion paper focuses on evidence relating to the mental health consequences of FGM, therapeutic interventions, and the mental health nurse's role in addressing the needs of this group of women.     

基于网络药理学及分子对接分析丹参黄芪配伍治疗冠心病和心绞痛的活性成分及作用机制

目的：从分子水平研究丹参黄芪配伍抗冠心病和心绞痛的分子机制。方法：采用中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台（Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology，TCMSP）获取丹参和黄芪活性成分，基于CTD （Comparative Toxicogenomics Database，比较毒物基因组学数据库）筛选冠心病和心绞痛的关键靶标。借助STRING软件对心绞痛和冠心病的靶标基因进行相互作用分析，基于分子对接（Sybyl2.1）对筛选所得的丹参、黄芪的活性成分与心绞痛及冠心病靶点进行分子对接验证。借助Cytoscape3.5.1构建"活性成分-靶点"网络模型。结果：丹参黄芪共筛选出61个活性成分，其中丹参44个，黄芪17个。筛选出冠心病靶标25个，心绞痛靶标7个，通过靶蛋白PPI网络分析，肿瘤坏死因子、基质金属蛋白酶-9、Toll样受体4、载脂蛋白E、脂肪酸转运蛋白、血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶、基质金属蛋白酶-3、尿激酶为冠心病和心绞痛疾病的关键靶标蛋白。分子对接发现黄芪单味药、丹参单味药、黄芪丹参配伍用药可能通过调节尿激酶（PLAU）、载脂蛋白E （APOE）、血管紧张素I转化酶（ACE）发挥抗冠心病及心绞痛的作用。结论：从分子层面筛选丹参黄芪配伍治疗冠心病、心绞痛疾病的关键活性成分及靶点，为其配伍后实验研究和临床应用提供合理解释。     

Low major adverse cardiac event rates following bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation: Impact of implantation technique on treatment outcomes

Background and objectiveStudies conducted across the world have reported that the rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) following the use of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) are comparable to that noted with traditional drug eluting stents (DES). However, there is limited data on the immediate and medium-term clinical outcomes following the use of the Absorb BVS (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, SA) in the Indian context. This study was conducted to determine real-world evidence on the immediate and medium-term clinical outcomes in all patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the Absorb BVS.MethodsData of all patients who were treated with Absorb BVS at our center were evaluated. Between December 2012 and October 2016, 142 patients underwent PCI with BVS. The MACE rates during hospitalization, at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months after PCI, and every 6 months thereafter were the primary endpoints evaluated with median follow up of 13 months.ResultsMean age of the study participants was 53.7 ± 11.8 years. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed in 15.34% of patients. Predilatation and postdilatation were performed in 81.8% and 84.6% of scaffolds, respectively. There were no episodes of MACE during hospitalization. However, 1 BVS-related MACE was observed at the 1-month (0.7%) as well as at the ≥12 month (0.8%) follow up visits. At the 6- and 12-month follow up visits, 2 (1.5%) and 3 (2.5%) non-BVS-related MACEs, respectively, were recorded.ConclusionThe use of Absorb BVS in this real-world experience was associated with very good immediate and medium-term clinical outcomes.     

血运重建优化策略对老年T2DM合并ACS冠脉多支病变患者预后的影响

目的 探讨血运重建优化策略对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并急性冠脉综合征（ACS）冠脉多支病变（MVD）患者预后的影响。方法 根据不同血运重建策略将2015年1月至2016年5月行经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）的95例老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者分为完全血运重建（CR）组与部分血运重建（IR）组。比较两组基线资料、冠脉造影结果、介入治疗情况、术后1年主要心血管不良事件（MACE）及生活质量的差异。结果 两组性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史、高脂血症病史、药物使用情况、冠脉造影结果比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；CR组置入支架数多于IR组（P<0.05）；术后1年全因死亡、心源性死亡、再次血运重建、非致死性心肌梗死发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），CR组心绞痛复发率低于IR组（P<0.05）；CR组总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、活力、精神健康差值（术后1年数值-术前数值）均高于IR组（P<0.05）。结论 IR和CR对老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者预后相当，但CR对改善心绞痛症状和提高患者生活质量较优。     

Acute myocardial infarction due to simultaneous spasm of 3 coronary arteries that worsened over time

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) rarely worsens from single-vessel to simultaneous multivessel CAS naturally, and simultaneous multivessel CAS leads to serious conditions such as cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). A 77-year-old Japanese man who took medications for CAS was transferred to our hospital due to persistent chest pain. On arrival, his vital signs were stable, but his electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III and aVF. Ventricular fibrillation developed suddenly. Although routine cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including intravenous administration of epinephrine was performed immediately, he could not be resuscitated. After initiation of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS), there was a return of spontaneous circulation. His ECG showed exacerbation of myocardial ischemia with ST-segment elevation in leads I, II, III, aVL, aVF and V3–V6. Emergency coronary angiography revealed severe CAS of the right and left coronary arteries, which was relieved completely by intracoronary administration of nitrates. He was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction due to simultaneous 3-vessel CAS that progressed over time. About 6 h after arrival, he developed hemodynamic instability and died. CAS worsened from single-vessel to simultaneous 3-vessel spasm, and intracoronary administration of nitrates was effective in relieving CAS, which was documented by the ECG and coronary angiogram. Since CAS can progress over time, nitrates must be administered immediately. When CAS leads to CPA, epinephrine may be ineffective in CPR because of its vasoconstrictive effect on coronary arteries; therefore, PCPS should be initiated, and intracoronary nitrates should be administered.