北极真菌Penicillium sp.MYA5次级代谢产物研究

目的 对来源于北极斯瓦尔巴德群岛的真菌Penicillium sp. MYA5的次级代谢产物进行研究。方法 对菌株进行规模发酵,采用正相硅胶、反相ODS、高效液相等色谱方法对发酵液的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行系统分离纯化,通过核磁共振谱（NMR）、质谱（MS）旋光、ECD等波谱分析方法,并与相关文献比较,鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到7个化合物,经鉴定化合物1~7分别为penicophenone C (1),communol G (2),1-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethan-1-one (3),penicophenone A (4), conidiogenones C (5), cis-3,4-dihydro-3, 4, 8-trihydroxynaphthalen-1(2H)-one (6),(-) - (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyloxindole (7)。结论 化合物1是为新化合物,是已知化合物 (Z)-6-acetyl-3-(1,2-dihydroxypropylidene)-5-hydroxy-8-methylchroman-2-one的同分异构体,我们也首次确定了该已知化合物的绝对构型;化合物3、7为首次从Penicillium 属中获得;其中,化合物5对HL-60以及BEL-7402有着很强的细胞毒活性,IC50值分别为0.04 μM和1.16 μM。     

Estimated Worldwide Prevalence of the PI*ZZ Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Genotype in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

IntroductionThe prevalence of α1-antitrypsin PI*ZZ genotypes in patients with COPD is only partially known. We aimed to estimate this prevalence worldwide.MethodA systematic review of the literature was conducted for studies investigating the prevalence of COPD and the prevalence of severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) PI*ZZ genotype. Results are shown in tables and on a whole world interpolation map.ResultsStudies from 48 countries with available data (21 from Europe, 9 from the Americas, 5 from Africa, 11 from Asia and 2 from Australasia) were selected. About 235,000 individuals with PI*ZZ genotypes were accounted: 50% in Europe, 37% in America, 9% in Asia, 3% in Australasia and 1% in Africa. The estimated crude prevalence of COPD in adults older than 40 years was 12.45% in Europe, 13.51% in America, 13.22% in Africa, 11.70% in Asia and 11.86% in Australasia. The highest PI*ZZ weighted average prevalence among COPD subjects (expressed as 1/x [95% confidence intervals]) were found in Northern Europe (395 [252–576]) followed by Western (797 [538–1165]), Southern (944 [600–1475]) and Central Europe (1096 [687–1738]). Outside Europe, high values were found in Australia–New Zealand (1007 [684–1509]), Saudi Arabia (1276 [563–2961]), United States (1298 [1094–1540]), Canada (1482 [1057–2083]) and Thailand (1807 [717–4692]). In the rest of the world, prevalence was significantly lower, especially in vast regions of Asia and Africa where the PI*Z gene is practically non-existent.ConclusionsSevere AATD is associated with a significant number of cases of COPD, especially in Europe, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.     

南极深海来源真菌Penicillium crustosum PRB-2中1个新的二酮哌嗪类化合物（英文）

目的 通过OSMAC策略，研究南极海洋来源真菌Penicillium crustosum PRB-2的次级代谢产物。方法 采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、高效液相色谱(HPLC)等分离方法对菌株发酵提取物进行分离纯化；运用NMR、MS等现代波谱学方法，确定化合物结构；通过活性筛选评价化合物活性。结果 从P. crustosum PRB-2中分离到1个新化合物chainstatin(1)和2个已知化合物penilloid A(2)、tryhistatin(3)。化合物1是首次报道C-5位被2-甲基戊-2-醇取代的二酮哌嗪类化合物。化合物1具有较弱的抗氧化活性，IC₅₀值为294μmol/L。     

圆弧青霉脂肪酶基因的克隆和表达

圆弧青霉PG37总RNA甲醛变性电泳呈现真核生物所特有的 2 8SrRNA和 18SrRNA条带 .根据PG37所产碱性脂肪酶 (LipPC)N末端氨基酸残基序列和真核生物mRNA在 3’端具有poly(A)等所提供的生物信息 ,采用RT PCR技术扩增了LipPC成熟肽和 3’非编码区的cDNA片段 ,并将该PCR产物直接克隆至pUCm T载体中 .序列分析表明 ,LipPC含有 2 5 8个氨基酸残基 ,其中保守的五肽序列为Gly His Ser Leu Gly .进一步采用ClonTech公司的SmartTM PCRcDNA文库构建试剂盒 ,扩增、克隆和测定了自转录起始点至编码区的cDNA片段 ,从而完成了LipPC完整cDNA的分析测定 .最后将编码完整脂肪酶蛋白质的cDNA克隆至 pGEX 5X 3表达载体中 ,SDS PAGE检测结果表明 ,大肠杆菌BL2 1所表达的GST LipPC融合蛋白质分子质量约为 5 3ku .