中老年冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄及危险因素分析

目的探讨中老年冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的患病率和危险因素.方法对339例冠脉造影诊断为冠心病的中老年患者,同时进行选择性双侧肾动脉造影.结果肾动脉狭窄的发生率为37.2%(126/339).肾动脉狭窄组年龄、高血压病、吸烟者的比率均高于非肾动脉狭窄组(P＜0.001、＜0.03、＜0.02),肾动脉狭窄患病率随病变程度加重有逐渐增加的趋势(x2趋势=4.17,P＜0.0001).多因素回归分析中,年龄、高血压、吸烟和冠心病多支病变为肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论中老年冠心病患者,尤其是高龄、高血压、吸烟、多支病变的患者应常规行选择性肾动脉造影.     

某省1996至2015年职业病防治机构人员状况

目的通过了解湖南省20年职防机构人员状况,对未来几年人力资源情况进行预测,为全省及其他地区优化职业病防治人力资源的规划,提升其服务能力提供科学依据与参考。方法在已建立的湖南省职防机构基本信息管理系统中抽取有关人员资料,对1996至2015年人员数量和构成的动态变化进行描述分析,采用灰色模型GM（1,1）进行人员情况预测。结果湖南省1996年职防机构人员为1 591人,至2015年为1 429人。20年间,人员构成从＂中专与无专业学历＂为主转变至以＂本科及以上与专科学历＂为主,以＂其他专业＂为主至以＂公共卫生与临床医学＂为中坚力量,由无职称人员占比超三分之一至仅占5%左右且高级、中级、初级职称均稳步上升的状况。预测显示,2018年和2020年职防机构高学历人员构成比将分别达41.00%和45.61%,公卫人员构成比将分别达44.15%和46.60%。结论湖南省20年职防机构人员数量变化不大,人员质量有了很大的提升,有利于职防事业的可持续发展;未来5年人员学历及专业构成将进一步得到优化。     

Comparison of Calorie-Restricted Diet and Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices,Metabolic Parameters,and Serum Sirtuin-1 Levels in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Objective: There is a promising perspective regarding the potential effect of resveratrol in preventing and treating metabolic disturbances similar to that of calorie restriction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calorie-restricted (CR) diet on metabolic parameters and then to investigate whether resveratrol supplementation has beneficial effects similar to CR diet in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 90 patients with NAFLD (males and females) aged 20 to 60 years with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 25 to 35 kg/m². Participants were assigned to one of three intervention groups as follows: The CR diet group (n = 30) received a prescribed low-calorie diet, the resveratrol group (n = 30) received 600 mg pure trans-resveratrol (2 × 300 mg) daily, and the placebo group (n = 30) received placebo capsules (2 × 300 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake and physical activity data were collected for all participants at baseline and at the end of the trial.

Results: CR diet significantly reduced weight (by 4.5%); BMI; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid profiles in participants compared to resveratrol and placebo (all p < 0.05). Significant reductions in weight (by 1.1%) and BMI were found in the resveratrol group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). ALT, AST, and lipid profiles did not change significantly in the resveratrol group (all p > 0.05). No significant changes were seen in hepatic steatosis grade, serum glycemic parameters, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sirtuin-1 levels in any group (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions: CR diet with moderate weight loss has favorable effects on NAFLD, and resveratrol supplementation induced weight loss but failed to mimic other aspects of CR diet. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term and dose-dependent effects of resveratrol on metabolic diseases.     

腹腔镜子宫(阴道)骶骨固定术与改良全盆底重建术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的临床疗效观察

目的探讨经腹腔镜子宫(阴道)骶骨固定术及改良全盆底重建术用于治疗中盆腔缺陷为主的盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)患者的临床疗效。方法纳入2012年3月-2015年3月住院的中盆腔脏器脱垂达到POP-Q分期Ⅱ~Ⅲ期的患者169例,根据手术方式分为改良全盆底重建组81例和腹腔镜下骶骨固定术组88例。按照规范化标准为患者实施手术,手术中对合并盆底功能障碍进行对应处理。围手术期记录患者相应情况,检测手术主客观满意度。所有患者纳入随访,填写盆底功能障碍及性生活质量评估量表。结果骶骨固定术组平均年龄比较[(43.78±7.63)岁vs.(53.01±10.50)岁],两组绝经概率比较(33.0%vs.60.5%),术前压力性尿失禁(SUI)概率比较(46.1%vs.65.4%)显著低于改良全盆底重建组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与改良全盆底重建组相比,骶骨固定组手术出血量[(60.32±30.27)mlvs.(98.35±40.28)ml]、尿管留置时间[(1.90±0.90)dvs.(2.50±1.10)d]及子宫切除比例(30.7%vs.60.5%)更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者手术后12个月时PFIQ-7及PFQI-20评分均较手术前显著下降(P<0.05)。术后12个月时,骶骨固定组的PISQ-12评分显著高于手术前(P<0.05)。结论骶骨固定术及改良全盆底重建术治疗POP患者均具有较好的疗效及安全性,远期预后良好。骶骨固定术改善POP患者性生活质量更为显著。     

长链非编码RNA与微小RNA相互作用对调控疾病的研究进展

非编码RNA(ncRNA)与基因调控密切相关,ncRNA主要包括微小RNA(miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)。lncRNA与miRNA之间存在着相互调控关系,两者间的相互作用参与了众多疾病的发生发展。本文主要综述其在癌症、心血管疾病、免疫系统和神经系统疾病中的作用及其作用机制。     

阿魏酸哌嗪分散片联合氯吡格雷治疗冠心病的临床研究

目的观察阿魏酸哌嗪分散片联合氯吡格雷治疗冠心病的疗效。方法选择本院2015年至2016年收治的88例冠心病患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法将患者分为对照组和试验组,每组44例。对照组予以氯吡格雷治疗,于术前接受氯吡格雷75mg,qd,持续治疗6个月;在对照组基础上,试验组予以阿魏酸哌嗪分散片治疗,口服阿魏酸哌嗪分散片100 mg,tid,持续治疗1个月。比较2组的临床疗效和血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、超敏C反应蛋白(Hs CRP)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、缺血修饰清蛋白(IMA)水平,并观察药物不良反应(ADR)发生情况。结果试验组和对照组总有效率分别为90.90%(40例/44例)和72.72%(32例/44例),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,试验组和对照组的血清HCY分别为(12.48±1.91),(16.36±2.02)μmol·L^-1;这2组的Hs CRP分别为(1.34±0.17),(3.82±0.56)mg·L^-1;这2组的MPO分别为(17.36±2.88),(23.26±4.26)mmol·L^-1;这2组的IMA分别为(20.10±2.44),(24.91±3.53)μg·L^-1,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组和对照组的ADR发生率分别为25.00%(11例/44例),20.45%(9例/44例),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿魏酸哌嗪分散片联合氯吡格雷治疗冠心病的疗效优于单用氯吡格雷,能够降低血清HCY、Hs CRP、MPO、IMA水平,减缓病情。     

Cardiovascular safety of oncologic agents: A double-edged sword even in the era of targeted therapies – part 1

Introduction: Patients with cancer are subject to the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy and as more patients survive cancer due to improved treatment they are exposed to various forms of cardiovascular (CV) disease as they age, and vice-versa. Such an interplay of age with both malignancy and CV disease may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality.

Areas covered: This two-part review considers the effects of cancer drug treatment on the CV system. In Part I, the various types of CV and cardiometabolic toxicity of anti-cancer drugs and the possible mechanisms involved are discussed. Also, among the specific oncologic agents, the CV effects of the classical agents and of the large molecule immunological agents (monoclonal antibodies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors) are detailed.

Expert opinion: Oncologic agents produce a variety of CV adverse effects, including cardiomyopathy and heart failure, peri-myocarditis, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension (HTN), cardiac arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, and pulmonary HTN. Both the oncologist and the cardiologist need to be aware of such adverse effects and of the specific agents that produce them. They need to join forces to prevent, anticipate, recognize, and manage such complications.     

Neuroprotective effect of gold nanoparticles composites in Parkinson's disease model

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Although drugs and surgery can relieve the symptoms of PD, these therapies are incapable of fundamentally treating the disease. For PD patients, over-expression of α-synuclein (SNCA) leads to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This process can be prevented by suppressing SNCA over-expression through RNA interference. Here, we successfully synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP) composites (CTS@GNP-pDNA-NGF) via the combination of electrostatic adsorption and photochemical immobilization, which could load plasmid DNA (pDNA) and target specific cell types. GNP was transfected into cells via endocytosis to inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells and dopaminergic neurons. Simultaneously, GNP composites are also used in PD models in vivo, and it can successfully cross the blood-brain barrier by contents of GNP in the mice brain. In general, all the works demonstrated that GNP composites have good therapeutic effects for PD models in vitro and in vivo.