What Can Proton Beam Therapy Achieve for Patients with Pectus Excavatum Requiring Left Breast,Axilla and Internal Mammary Nodal Radiotherapy?

AimsExposure of the heart to radiation increases the risk of ischaemic heart disease, proportionate to the mean heart dose (MHD). Radiotherapy techniques including proton beam therapy (PBT) can reduce MHD. The aims of this study were to quantify the MHD reduction achievable by PBT compared with volumetric modulated arc therapy in breath hold (VMAT-BH) in patients with pectus excavatum (PEx), to identify an anatomical metric from a computed tomography scan that might indicate which patients will achieve the greatest MHD reductions from PBT.Materials and methodsSixteen patients with PEx (Haller Index ≥2.7) were identified from radiotherapy planning computed tomography images. Left breast/chest wall, axilla (I–IV) and internal mammary node (IMN) volumes were delineated. VMAT and PBT plans were prepared, all satisfying target coverage constraints. Signed-rank comparisons of techniques were undertaken for the mean dose to the heart, ipsilateral lung and contralateral breast. Spearman's rho correlations were calculated for anatomical metrics against MHD reduction achieved by PBT.ResultsThe mean MHD for VMAT-BH plans was 4.1 Gy compared with 0.7 Gy for PBT plans. PBT reduced MHD by an average of 3.4 Gy (range 2.8–4.4 Gy) compared with VMAT-BH (P < 0.001). PBT significantly reduced the mean dose to the ipsilateral lung (4.7 Gy, P < 0.001) and contralateral breast (2.7 Gy, P < 0.001). The distance (mm) at the most inferomedial extent of IMN volume (IMN to heart distance) negatively correlated with MHD reduction achieved by PBT (Spearman's rho –0.88 (95% confidence interval –0.96 to –0.67, P < 0.001)).ConclusionFor patients with PEx requiring left-sided breast and IMN radiotherapy, a clinically significant MHD reduction is achievable using PBT, compared with the optimal photon technique (VMAT-BH). This is a patient group in whom PBT could have the greatest benefit.     

疼痛手册在Nuss术后患者家庭护理中的应用

目的探讨疼痛手册在微创漏斗胸矫形术(Nuss术)后家庭护理中的应用效果。方法将70例出院的Nuss术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各35例,对照组实施常规出院指导,观察组在此基础上发放疼痛手册并告知填写方法,护士在患者出院次日即开始进行电话回访,指导患者对照手册避免可能导致剧痛的行为,介绍疼痛处理方法,监督体疗锻炼。结果术后3个月观察组体疗锻炼依从性及胸廓矫形效果显著优于对照组,疼痛体验显著低于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论运用疼痛手册能有效促进Nuss术后患者康复,保证胸廓矫形效果。     

非胸腔镜剑突下小切口与胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的临床观察

目的 探讨非胸腔镜剑突下小切口（剑突组）与胸腔镜辅助（胸腔镜组）Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的不同及优势。方法 2016年至2019年我科收治漏斗胸手术患者59例,平均年龄16±3.82岁,33例行非胸腔镜剑突下小切口Nuss手术,26例行胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术,比较年龄、Haller指数、手术时间,出血量,术后出院时间等。结果 两组患者均获得满意效果,剑突组与胸腔镜组在年龄,Haller指数、手术时间,出血量上均无统计学差异,而剑突组出院时间短于胸腔镜镜组。术后6 h至术后24 h,疼痛感明显增强,而术后48 h疼痛则减轻,而术后24 h剑突组疼痛感较胸腔镜轻,有统计学意义。剑突组术后胸腔积液（33.3%）发生率高于胸腔镜组（15.4%）,而剑突组气胸（27.3%）发生率则低于胸腔镜组（42.3%）。胸腔镜组一例非对称性漏斗胸术后2周出现心包积液,双侧大量胸腔积液,治疗后康复出院,其余患者均平稳。结论 针对对称性漏斗胸患者,非胸腔镜剑突下小切口与胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术,手术时间、出血量等均无明显差异,均可获得满意效果,而针对非对称或复杂漏斗胸,剑突下小切口安全性则更有保证。     

A novel technique to measure severity of pediatric pectus excavatum using white light scanning.

Background/purpose

Computed tomography (CT) derived Haller Index (HI) remains the standard for quantifying severity in patient with pectus excavatum (PE). Optical scanning described in literature reports optimistic results and new indices that correlate with HI. This study assessed the feasibility of a handheld White Light Scanner (WLS) to obtain 3D measurements and indices of PE deformity.

NUSS手术前后漏斗胸患者肺功能变化的临床研究

目的探索NUSS手术对改善漏斗胸患者肺功能的意义。方法选择2009年1月至2013年8月于我科行NUSS手术并行肺功能检查的28漏斗胸患者,患者术前、术后3月、术后1年行肺功能检测。检查项目包括残气容积(RV)、肺总量(TLC)、肺活量(VC)、最大通气量(MVV)、一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、50%肺活量最大呼气流量(MEF50)。结果 (所有数据均与术前相比),术后3月患者RV升高,无统计学意义(P0.05),术后1年下降,有统计学意义(P0.05)。MVV、MEF50术后3月无明显变化(P0.05),术后1年明显提高,有统计学意义(P0.05)。TLC、FEV1术后3月降低,有统计学意义(P0.05),术后1年恢复到术前水平(P0.05)。VC术后3月明显降低,有统计学意义(P0.05)术后1年较术前升高,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论漏斗胸患者NUSS术后早期肺功能虽有下降,术后1年可恢复到术前水平甚至有所提高。     

微创Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的临床效果对比分析

目的比较微创Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的临床效果。方法选取自2003年12月至2013年12月收治的100例漏斗胸患儿,将其作为临床研究对象。按照随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。观察组患儿采取微创Nuss手术治疗,对照组患儿采取改良Ravitch手术治疗。比较两组围手术期一般情况、临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果观察组患儿手术时间、下地活动时间、住院时间、术中出血量、引流量、切口长度均少于对照组,组间比较差异存在显著性(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率为22.0%,与对照组(20.0%)较为相近。两组患儿随访术后1年内、1~3年、3年后的疗效满意度情况也较相近,组间比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论微创Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术对小儿漏斗胸的治疗效果均较好,但微创矫正Nuss手术疗效较改良Ravitch手术更具有优势,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

两侧胸壁纵切口改良Nuss手术在240例漏斗胸患者中的应用

目的：探讨两侧胸壁纵切口改良Nuss手术在漏斗胸患者中的应用技巧和疗效。方法：对我院2006年8月-2014年4月收治的240例漏斗胸患者采用两侧胸壁纵切口改良Nuss手术矫治,根据Park分型,对称性164例,非对称性76例。术前CT检查Haller指数：3.3~16.5（平均5.1±1.9）。所有患者均采用气管插管吸入＋静脉复合麻醉,采用胸腔镜辅助下两侧胸壁纵切口改良Nuss手术矫治,均未放置胸腔引流管。结果：240例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30~90 min,平均（45.56±13.48）min。术中因横行放置钢板塑形不佳而改为跨肋间斜行放置15例,因极重度漏斗胸而行双侧胸腔镜序贯监视10例,术中未发生心脏、肺、膈肌穿通伤等严重并发症。术中出血量少,小于20 m L。术后发现创周皮下气肿20例,少量气胸6例,胸腔积液4例,均保守治疗改善。出院后随访1~48个月,未发生因钢板移位、翻转而导致的伤害性事件。早期随访3个月,240例患者中,212例（占88.3%）获得优秀的塑形治疗效果,28例（占11.7%）获得良好的塑形效果,无塑形效果差者。术后中、后期,发生切口钢板过敏反应10例。136例于术后24~40个月左右行内支撑钢板取出术,轻度复发6例,未见中、重度复发。结论：两侧胸壁纵切口改良Nuss手术效果良好,简化了经典Nuss手术过程,值得推广。     

胸腔镜辅助下改良Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸20例

目的总结胸腔镜下改良Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸的初步经验。方法2004-08～2007-09,采用胸腔镜下改良Nuss手术矫治20例漏斗胸患者。结果20例患者均顺利完成手术,术中平均失血量〈10mL。4例术后出现少量气胸;3例术后出现胸腔积液,均经相应的处理治愈。术后平均住院8．4d,胸廓畸形矫正满意。矫形效果17例为优良,3例为良好。全部患者均获得随访,随访时间1～30个月,均无不适。钢板无移位,无伤害事件发生。结论改良Nuss手术简单易行,对患者创伤小、近期矫形效果满意。胸腔镜监测可提高手术的安全性。胸腔镜下Nuss手术是一种值得尝试和推广的手术方法。     

Management of postoperative infections after the minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair

Purpose

Pectus excavatum is frequently repaired using the minimally invasive placement of a substernal bar (Nuss procedure). Infectious complications after the Nuss procedure are potentially devastating. To date, the management of postoperative infectious complications has not been well described.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients (N = 168) who underwent the Nuss procedure from January 1, 1997, to October 1, 2003, at our institution was performed. Six patients (4%) had postoperative infections, and their medical records were reviewed.

Results

Of the 6 patients, 5 underwent operative drainage for wound abscesses that developed 2 to 76 weeks postoperatively. The other patient developed cellulitis 12 months postoperatively and was treated effectively with antibiotics alone. Recurrent infections were treated in 3 of 6 patients, one of whom eventually required removal of the bar resulting in a mild, residual pectus excavatum defect. One of 6 patients has had the substernal bar removed electively. The remaining 4 continue to be without clinically apparent infection at this time and are over 1 year removed from their infection.

Conclusions

Although uncommon, infectious complications after the Nuss procedure require complex management strategies. Despite recurrent infection in some cases, most infectious complications occurring after the minimally invasive repair can be effectively treated without having to remove the substernal bar.