利用数字成像曲面体层摄影对颌骨后部解剖标志显现情况的临床研究

目的利用数字成像曲面体层摄影技术研究颌骨后部解剖标志显现情况,并进行测量,为正颌外科、智齿拔除术和种植义齿的颌骨手术进路、深度等临床治疗方案提供依据。方法选取种植义齿术前数字曲面断层片100例,均采用标准全口曲面体层位投照,进行图像数字化处理,观察颌骨后部解剖标志显现情况并进行测量。结果颏孔前后位置高低及颏孔区下颌骨体高度左右基本一致, 42例患者看到颏管影像。磨牙区下颌管与牙根尖距离从前向后逐渐减小,下颌神经管显现率从后向前逐渐降低,下颌管直径左右两侧无明显差异。磨牙区下颌体高度及磨牙区下颌管上缘至牙槽嵴顶的距离从前向后逐渐减小。下颌第三磨牙阻生组中近中倾斜角平均为48.80°,萌生组中近中倾斜角平均为6.84°。阻生组磨牙后间隙比萌生组小,二者之间具有统计学上差异（P＜0.05）。萌生组与阻生组磨牙后间隙／牙冠近远中径的平均值分别为1.17、0.62（P＜0.05）。萌生组与阻生组牙冠近远中径之间无统计学差异。下颌第三磨牙阻生的发生率与近中倾斜角呈正相关（P＜0.05）,而与磨牙后间隙呈负相关（P＜0.05）。上颌窦显现情况为90％,最大范围向前达到尖牙区,向后达到上颌结节区。结论数字化曲面体层摄影能够获得正颌外科、智齿拔除术及种植义齿足够的颌骨特征信息,为制定治疗方案提供理论依据。     

枕骨大孔区神经鞘瘤后正中入路显微手术方法及疗效的研究

目的 探讨后正中入路显微切除枕骨大孔区神经鞘瘤的手术方法 、要点及疗效.方法 回顾性分析23例枕骨大孔区神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料.根据肿瘤的部位分为单纯腹侧型(3例)、单纯背外侧型(15例)和哑铃型(5例),均采用后正中入路手术,不同分型肿瘤采用不同操作方法 切除肿瘤.术中行电生理监测保护神经功能.结果 本组患者中,肿瘤...     

枕下正中入路手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧肿瘤的疗效

目的 探讨枕下正中入路手术切除枕骨大孔区腹侧肿瘤的方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年12月至2019年12月采用枕下正中入路手术切除的10例枕骨大孔区腹侧肿瘤的临床资料。结果 10例肿瘤均全切除。术后病理显示脑膜瘤9例,神经鞘瘤1例。术后1例有副神经牵拉损伤,1个月后逐渐恢复;1例瘤体减压后出现脑干再灌注损伤,因呼吸困难行气管切开术,3个月后拔除气管导管,顺利康复。术后随访2~28个月,平均（16.1±5.6）个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论 枕下正中入路是治疗枕骨大孔区腹侧肿瘤的安全有效的方法。     

根尖诱导成形术治疗感染型畸形中央尖的临床观察

目的：研究感染型畸形中央尖患牙根尖诱导后的临床疗效,并观察不同根尖孔形状对牙根闭合的影响。方法：选择59个己发生牙髓感染的畸形中央尖患牙,采取根尖诱导促进牙根发育、根尖闭合。结果：经2年追踪观察,术后患牙100％临床症状消失,93．22％完成根尖封闭。14个根尖内聚型患牙术后根尖发育完成,平均闭合时间6．64个月;19个根尖平行型,8个根尖发育完成,另11个根管腔无缩窄,但根尖达到闭合,平均闭合时间10．58个月：26个根尖喇叭口型3个根尖闭合,19个在根尖孔处形成钙化桥,4个形成根管内不规则钙化桥,平均闭合时间16．91个月。随着治疗进展,患牙根尖孔直径逐步缩窄,术前根尖孔直径平均1．99mm,术后平均0．88mm,但仍高于健康对照牙（p：0．03,〈0．05）。结论：感染型畸形中央尖经根尖诱导治疗可获得良好预后。不同根尖孔形态的畸形中央尖其临床疗效无明显差别。术前根尖内聚型或平行型患牙,术后根尖发育接近生理性闭合状态,术前根尖孔呈喇叭口型者可影响牙根发育成正常根尖形态。     

Allantoic cyst and patent urachus

Allantoic cysts of the umbilical cord are extremely rare anomalies. Only few cases have been reported in the postnatal life. The etiopathogenesis is still obscure. We describe a case of allantoic cyst and patent urachus in a newborn associated with hypospadias and meatal obstruction. We also present the review of literature regarding this entity, embryology and etiopathogenesis.     

Meningioma of the jugular foramen: glomus jugulare mimic and surgical challenge

OBJECTIVES: Meningiomas involving the jugular foramen are rare lesions, with approximately 34 cases reported in the English literature. Clinically, these tumors mimic the more common glomus jugulare tumor. After surgical resection, meningiomas have worse cranial nerve outcomes and higher recurrence rates than glomus tumors. There is controversy regarding the selection of surgical approach, particularly with regard to management of the facial nerve. A reliable means of accurate preoperative diagnosis would help surgical planning and patient counseling. STUDY DESIGN: We present a series of six consecutive large jugular foramen meningiomas resected by a single surgeon from 1996 to 2002. METHODS: Retrospective case series (chart review). RESULTS: The preoperative diagnosis was correct in nearly all (6/7) cases on the basis of the characteristic imaging findings seen with a combination of temporal bone dedicated computed tomography and high-resolution enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Five of six patients had lateral facial nerve rerouting (infratemporal fossa Fisch type A), and three patients also had posterior rerouting (transcochlear approach with division of greater superficial petrosal nerve). Total tumor removal was accomplished in 83%. One patient suffered recurrence over a mean follow-up period of 2.5 years. New postoperative vocal cord palsies occurred in 50% of patients, and all required vocal cord medialization. At 1 year, 50% of patients had normal or near normal (House-Brackmann I or II) facial function. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred in two patients, and both eventually required ventriculoperitoneal shunts. CONCLUSIONS: Meningiomas involving the jugular foramen are surgically challenging tumors that pose unique diagnostic issues. The majority of these lesions can be completely resected. A relatively high postoperative complication rate, which can be controlled with appropriate intervention, is seen with these surgeries.     

Patent Foramen Ovale: Comparison among Diagnostic Strategies in Cryptogenic Stroke and Migraine

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in order to define the best clinical approach to patent foramen ovale (PFO) detection. Methods: In total, 72 consecutive patients (33 men) with a mean age of 49 ± 13 years were prospectively enrolled. The TEE indication was cryptogenic stroke (36 patients) or migraine (36 patients, 22 with aura). All patients underwent standard TTE, TCD, and TEE examination. For any study, a contrast test was carried on using an agitated saline solution mixed with urea-linked gelatine (Haemaccel), injected as a rapid bolus via a right antecubital vein. A prolonged Valsalva maneuver was performed to improve test sensitivity. Results: TEE identified a PFO in 65% of the whole population: 56.5% in the migraine cohort and 43.5% in the cryptogenic stroke cohort. TTE was able to detect a PFO in 55% of patients positive at TEE (54% negative predictive value, 100% positive predictive value, 55% sensitivity, and 100% specificity). TCD was able to identify a PFO in 97% of patients positive at TEE (89% negative predictive value, 98% positive predictive value, 94% sensitivity, and 96% specificity). Conclusions: In patients with cryptogenic stroke and migraine, there is a fair concordance (k = 0.89) between TCD and TEE in PFO recognition. Accordingly, TCD should be recommended as a simple, noninvasive, and reliable technique, whereas TEE indication should be restricted to selected patients. TTE is a very specific technique, whose major advantage is the ability to detect a large right-to-left shunt, particularly if associated with an atrial septal aneurysm.     

New onset atrial fibrillation after patent foramen ovale closure

Objectives : In this study, we evaluated the incidence of new onset atrial fibrillation (symptomatic or detected by routine ECG) after patent foramen ovale (PFO‐) closure. Background : Although atrial fibrillation is known to occur in some patients following patent foramen ovale closure, the incidence and the risk associated with each device is not well known. Methods : We evaluated 1,349 consecutive patients who underwent PFO closure with an approved device and examined the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation. The patients had a mean age of 50 years and underwent PFO closure for cerebrovascular accident in 696 (51.6%), transient ischemic attack in 610 (45.2%), paradoxical embolism in 22 (1.6%), decompression sickness in 13 (0.9%), and other reasons including migraine headaches in 6 (0.4%) of cases. Results : Over a mean follow‐up period of 38.1 ± 28 months, 53 (3.9%) patients developed new onset atrial fibrillation, which is higher compared with an age‐matched population. Of these, 33 (62.3%) patients developed atrial fibrillation within 4 weeks and 8 (15%) within 6 months following PFO closure (totally 77% from 0 to 6 months). The event consisted of a single paroxysm lasting less than 48 hr in 23 patients, resolving either spontaneously or with cardioversion. 40 (75.5%) patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Thirty (56.6%) patients developed chronic atrial fibrillation. On multivariate analysis, advanced age and use of the STARFlex device predicted atrial fibrillation. Conclusions : The number of patients in whom atrial fibrillation was detected was relatively low. It is often a self‐limited complication of PFO closure that may occur more frequently in elderly patients and those treated with the STARFlex device. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.