川芎赤芍对脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型GFAP、VEGF及Notch1表达的影响

目的：本研究主要观察川芎赤芍对大鼠脑梗死再灌注后外周血胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和脑内Notch1表达的影响。方法：采用线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,将健康SD大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为空白组、模型组、川芎赤芍低剂量组、川芎赤芍高剂量组、银杏叶片组。采用ELISA法测定大鼠外周血GFAP、VEGF含量,采用real-time PCR法检测缺血脑组织Notch1 mRNA表达。结果：与模型组相比,川芎赤芍能够提高外周血GFAP、VEGF水平,上调脑组织Notch1 mRNA 的表达。结论：川芎赤芍可升高缺血再灌注大鼠外周血GFAP、VEGF的水平及缺血脑组织Notch1 mRNA的表达。     

Acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to an inhibitor specific for von Willebrand factor antigens

A patient with acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with polycythemia rubra vera is described. Her plasma factor VIII procoagulant activity (67 U/dl) and factor VIII-related antigen (117 U/dl) were normal but no von Willebrand factor activity could be detected. Factor VIII crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed decreased levels of less anodic polymeric forms of factor VIII. Mixture of her plasma or immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction with normal plasma resulted in complete recovery of factor VIII activity and related antigen but no measurable von Willebrand factor activity, confirming the presence of an unique inhibitor. The limited specificity of this inhibitor to antigenic sites solely on the von Willebrand portion of the factor VIII bimolecular complex is distinct from all previous reports of this syndrome. This unique inhibitor offers a molecular probe to examine the von Willebrand factor: platelet interaction.     

Effect of a Korean Traditional Formulation, Hwaotang, on Superoxide Generation in Human Neutrophils, Platelet Aggregation in Human Blood, and Nitric Oxide, Prostaglandin E2 Production and Paw Oedema Induced by Carrageenan in Mice

Hwaotang, a traditional Korean medicinal formulation, is a dried decoctum of a mixture of 7 herbal medicines, consisting of Angelica gigantis Radix, Rehmanniae radix, Paeoniae radix, Ciniamomi cortex, Cnidii rhizoma, Persicae semen and Carthami flos. We have investigated that Hwaotang water extract (HOT) has various effects on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils. The effects of HOT on superoxide generation in human neutrophils were investigated. HOT significantly inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA). On the other hand, HOT enhanced superoxide generation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in a concentration-dependent manner. The superoxide generation induced by PMA with HOT was suppressed by staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, but was not suppressed by genistein, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 58 kDa protein, which was increased by fMLP, was inhibited by HOT. HOT also inhibited the generation of a 47 kDa protein and platelet aggregation in human blood. The results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase participates in fMLP-mediated superoxide generation by HOT-treated human neutrophils. HOT inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation, and leukotriene B4 production, without any effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. HOT reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, whereas no influence on the activity of iNOS, COX-2 or COX-1 was observed. HOT significantly reduced mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan. Western blot analysis showed that HOT reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The results indicate that HOT exerts anti-inflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and of NO and prostaglandin E2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS and COX-2.     

赤栀黄合剂治疗重型肝炎的临床研究

目的探讨赤栀黄合剂治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法将３００例重型肝炎随机分为治疗组（１６８例）和对照组（１３２例），治疗组除西药综合治疗同对照组外，加用中药赤栀黄合剂，每日一剂口服。结果两组总病死率对比，治疗组４７．０２％，对照组６６．６７％，经统计学处理有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论赤栀黄合剂治疗重症肝炎疗效可靠，药简义明，便于推广和深入研究。     

Myrica rubra leaves as a potential source of a dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor

Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. is a valuable fruit tree that is used in Chinese, Japanese and Taiwanese traditional medicine. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of M. rubra leaves extracted with four different solvents. Total phenolics were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Extracts were investigated for their inhibitory activity toward the pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1, COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The ethanol extract of M. rubra leaves demonstrated a strong inhibition of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) biosynthesis catalyzed by both COX-1 (93.42%) and COX-2 (75.71%) and leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) formation catalyzed by 5-LOX (82.72%). Further we identified selective COX-1 inhibition by the n-butanol and aqueous fractions of the ethanol extract (with an IC₅₀ for COX-1 inhibition of 1.07 and 0.71?µg?mL^?1 _, respectively) and dual 5-LOX/COX inhibition by the ethyl acetate fraction (with an IC₅₀ of 3.29 for COX-1, 2.54 for COX-2 and 8.30?µg?mL^?1 for 5-LOX).     

Platelet-rich plasma serotonin levels in chronic myeloproliferative disorders: evaluation of diagnostic use and comparison with the neutrophil PRV-1 assay

In a prospective study of 109 subjects, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure platelet-rich plasma (PRP) serotonin levels in patients with polycythaemia vera (PV; n = 27), essential thrombocythaemia (ET; n = 14), myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM; n = 30), secondary or spurious polycythaemia (SP; n = 22) and controls (n = 16). Nine study subjects who were taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) all displayed a markedly decreased PRP serotonin level (median, 24.2 ng/10(9) platelets; range, 0-49.3) and were therefore excluded from further analysis. Among the remaining 100 subjects, the median and range of PRP serotonin levels, in ng/10(9) platelets, was significantly lower in MMM (89.5; 0-278.3), PV (204.8; 0-496.0) and ET (385.3; 136.8-1025.7) compared with both SP (608.8; 369.0-1780.1) and controls (567.2; 359.9-1071.1). Neutrophil polycythaemia rubra vera-1 (PRV-1) expression was concurrently assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 69 patients (23 PV, 17 SP, 12 ET, seven MMM, 10 controls). PRP serotonin measurement performed as well as the PRV-1 assay in distinguishing PV from SP (93% vs. 86% test accuracy). The current study suggests that PRP serotonin concentration might be considered as one of the several biological markers that complement each other for the diagnosis of PV.     

The JAK2V617F mutation and thrombosis

Since the discovery of the JAK2^V617F mutation, the clinical and pathological consequences of this acquired defect have been extensively investigated to determine whether its presence characterises a distinct subgroup of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). MPD management remains highly dependent on the patient’s thrombotic risk. Whether the presence of the JAK2^V617F mutation modifies the thrombotic risk is currently contentious, although there is increasing clinical evidence to suggest that the mutation may be variably associated with thrombosis. These observations are further supported by laboratory parameters which suggest that the JAK2^V617F mutation may confer increased activation of leucocytes and platelets in MPD. The role of screening for the JAK2^V617F mutation in patients presenting with thrombosis without overt MPD is unclear, but appears justified in cases of idiopathic splanchnic vein thrombosis.     

山青之片对大鼠血脂影响的实验研究

目的:观察山青之片的抑制血脂升高作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高剂量给药组。低、中、高剂量分别0.2g/kg、0.4g/kg、1.2g/kgBW/d。经口给药30天后采血,检测血清TC、TG、HDL-C三项血脂指标。结果:与对照组相比,中、高剂量组能明显抑制大鼠血清TC及TG含量的升高,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:一定剂量的山青之片可能具有抑制血脂升高的作用。     

经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准量值传递分析

目的 建立经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准的HPLC特征图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,阐明当归四逆汤物质基准关键质量属性,为后续复方制剂的开发奠定基础。方法 制备18批当归四逆汤物质基准,建立HPLC特征图谱,进行特征峰归属及相似度评价;测定指标性成分的含量,对物质基准进行量值传递分析。结果 18批物质基准的特征图谱的相似度均大于0.90,共确定19个特征峰,分别来自方中当归（峰4、5、19）、桂枝（峰10、11、14）、白芍（峰6、9）、细辛（峰1、3、13、15、18）和炒甘草（峰7、8、12、16、17）;各指标成分从饮片到物质基准的转移率分别为芍药苷78.47%～96.01%、甘草苷43.79%～94.62%、阿魏酸81.20%～131.24%、肉桂酸70.03%～106.75%、桂皮醛3.17%～5.50%、甘草酸31.08%～52.43%、细辛脂素9.63%～13.37%。结论 采用特征图谱结合多指标性成分含量测定对当归四逆汤物质基准进行量值传递研究,该方法科学合理,为当归四逆汤物质基准的质量控制及复方制剂的开发提供科学依据。