北京市怀柔区部分中、小学生结核病感染调查

目的　调查北京市怀柔区中、小学结核病感染情况。方法对中、小学生进行结核菌素试验(PPD),并对其感染特点进行分析。结果 高中、初中、小学一年级新生结素试验≥5mm分别为57.7%,44.4%,21.6%,结素试验≥15mm分别为16.8%、13.5%、2.8%,各年级≥5mm及≥15mm均有显著差别。有结核病接触史的学生≥15mm为45.2%,无接触史的≥15mm为10.6%,高34.6个百分点。结论 把中、小学生作为结核病预防治疗对象,是控制结核病流行的重要措施。     

T-SPOT.TB、TB-DNA、PPD、TB-DOT/TB-CK检测在结核病诊断中的临床价值

目的评价T-SPOT.TB、TB-DNA、PPD、TB-DOT/TB-CK检测在结核病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法利用T-SPOT.TB技术,测定120例确诊结核病患者,62例非结核疾病患者外周血单个核细胞中结核感染特异的效应T淋巴细胞的频率.同时检测两组患者的TB-DNA、PPD和TB-DOT/TB-CK.结果 T-SPOT.TB敏感性、特异性分别为88.3%、91.9%,TB-DNA敏感性、特异性分别为75.9%、98.2%,PPD敏感性、特异性分别为62.4%、71.9%,TB-DOT/TB-CK敏感性、特异性分别为76.3%、80%.结论 T-SPOT.TB较其它传统方法TB-DNA、PPD、TB-DOT/TB-CK对结核病诊断有高度的敏感性和特异性,值得临床推广.     

Congenital X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carrier state

Hepatitis occurring in patients with congenital X-linked or common variable hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported to follow a usual pattern of rapid progression from acute hepatitis to either chronic active hepatitis or death. This article describes a 21-year-old black man with congenital X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia who has been known to be a hepatitis B-associated antigen carrier during a 9-year follow up period. Liver enzyme studies are normal. His immunologic studies demonstrate no impairment of cellular immunity. His brother, who has the same disease and lives in the same household, has remained negative for hepatitis B-associated antigen. This patient demonstrates that not all hypogammaglobulinemia patients invariably have a severe clinical course with hepatitis.     

结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物皮试对吸毒肺结核患者的检测及其意义

目的研究结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物皮试 (PPD)对吸毒肺结核病人的检测及其临床意义。方法设立吸毒组 (G1)和非吸毒组 (G2 ) ,两组均为临床确诊为活动性肺结核患者 ,给予PPD皮肤试验。结果G1PPD皮试阳性率较G2低 ,两组间比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,而PPD皮试强阳性率亦较G2为低 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论对吸毒的肺结核可疑患者尽管其PPD试验阴性 ,仍应常规行胸片及痰涂片检测 ,以提高诊断符合率。     

老年肺结核的特点(附61例病例分析)

本文分析了61例60岁以上老年肺结核患者的发病特点,发现与中青年患者有所不同,老年人以高热、咯血、消瘦、呼吸困难为常见症状,其中因缺乏典型表现,误诊率较高,为提高对老年肺结核的诊断率,我们对老年人肺结核的特点进行了回顾性分析。     

二胎孕妇产后抑郁现状及相关因素分析

目的 了解二胎孕妇产后抑郁现状并探讨其相关影响因素.方法 自2016年3月1日至2017年2月1日,采用随机数字表的方法,随机抽取5家乌鲁木齐市的三级医院,将所有符合纳入标准的住院分娩的二胎孕妇作为研究对象.采用问卷调查的方法,对分娩后2~7天的二胎孕妇发放一般情况调查表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和社会支持评定量表以测量二胎孕妇产后抑郁状况,并探讨相关影响因素.结果 共发放861份问卷,有效问卷824份,问卷有效率为95.70%.参加调查的二胎孕妇产后抑郁患病率为34.71%,孕期增重、民族、职业、家庭月收入、婆媳关系、是否陪伴分娩、有无妊娠合并疾病、新生儿性别满意度、是否早接触早吸吮、产前焦虑状况、产前抑郁状况、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度均是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(χ2/t值分别为16.766、11.106、19.139、6.066、10.151、4.733、7.684、6.924、9.234、39.166、21.856、8.798、12.237、10.113,均P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕期增重(OR:1.803,95%CI:1.075~3.837)、无职业(OR:2.357,95%CI:1.384~4.253)、产前焦虑(OR:9.883,95%CI:6.154~8.231)和产前抑郁(OR:8.146,95%CI:5.332~7.164)这4个因素是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的危险因素;婆媳关系好(OR:0.893,95%CI:0.572~0.835)、对新生儿性别满意(OR:0.624,95%CI:0.321~0.546)、早接触早吸吮(OR:0.674,95%CI:0.441~0.683)、客观支持好(OR:0.412,95%CI:0.106~0.338)和对支持利用度好(OR:0.583,95%CI:0.239~0.482)这5个因素是二胎孕妇产后抑郁的保护因素.结论 二胎孕妇产后抑郁的患病率较高,且影响因素是多方面的,政府和相关组织及家庭成员应当关注二胎孕妇产后抑郁情况并且给予充分的社会支持,以改善二胎孕妇产后抑郁的患病现状.     

Interferon production in BCG-sensitized rabbits challenged with PPD

Intravenous administration of PPD into BCG-primed rabbits results in the release of IFN into the circulation.

Peak interferon titres occur in plasma 1 h after PPD injection, rapidly decline during the following 3 h and depend on the dose of tuberculin administered. Bilateral nephrectomy of BCG-primed rabbits challenged with PPD affects remarkably the disappearance of IFN from the circulation. Characterization of the BCG-PPD-induced IFN shows that it is heat-labile, is almost completely inactivated after dialysis at pH 2 and displays a remarkable cross-species activity, particularly on human cell lines.     

Depression during pregnancy and postpartum: Contribution of stress and ovarian hormones

Depression is the most common psychiatric disease among women, exhibiting a prevalence which is 2–3× higher than in men. The postpartum period is considered the time of greatest risk for women to develop major depression and postpartum depression affects approximately 15% of women. A dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is the most prominent endocrine change seen in depression and normalization of the HPA axis is a major target of recent therapies. Females exhibit different stress sensitivities than males which might contribute to their increased vulnerability for depression. Maternal stress or depression during pregnancy and/or postpartum is particularly concerning as early developmental influences can affect the maturation of the offspring as well as the mental health of the mother. Despite the urgent need for more information on depression in females, especially during pregnancy and postpartum, most animal models of depression have utilized only males. Given the sex differences in incidence of depression and treatment, it is vitally important to create or validate animal models of depression in females. This review will focus on the association between stress, glucocorticoids and depression in humans, with a special focus on depression in women during pregnancy and postpartum and on animal models of postpartum depression and the consequences for the offspring.