衡量新生儿接种卡介苗后12周PPD试验阳转简易方法的探讨

在我国 ,新生儿卡介苗接种早己纳入扩大免疫计划 (ＥＰＩ) ,推行新生儿普种卡介苗。衡量新生儿卡介苗接种是否成功仍沿用传统的ＰＰＤ试验。一般接种后 12周ＰＰＤ反应硬结平均直径≥ 5毫米即认为接种成功 ,否则补种卡介苗。本文拟探索一种衡量ＰＰＤ试验阳转的简易方法 ,为此 ,对 1388名皮内接种卡介苗的 12周新生儿 ,其局部卡痕与ＰＰＤ反应硬结情况进行分析 ,并对 5 6名ＰＰＤ阴性但卡痕平均直径 >2毫米的婴儿观察半年后再做ＰＰＤ试验总结分析其ＰＰＤ阳转情况。1　资料来源与方法研究对象为 1999年 8月 - 2 0 0 0年 8月北京积水潭医院…     

Drug-Induced Uveitis

Uveitis has been reported in association with a variety of topical, intraocular, periocular, and systemic medications. To establish causality of adverse events by drugs, in 1981, Naranjo and associates proposed seven criteria, which are related to the frequency and documentation of the event; circumstances of occurrence, recovery, and recurrence; and coexistence of other factors or medications. Rarely does a drug meet all seven criteria. The authors review reports of drug-associated uveitis, applying the seven criteria and examining possible mechanisms. Only systemically administered biphosphonates and, perhaps, topical metipranolol meet all seven criteria. Systemic sulfonamides, rifabutin, and topical glucocorticoids fulfill at least five criteria. (Surv Ophthalmol 42:557-570, 1998.     

The burden of tuberculosis in indigenous peoples in Amazonia, Brazil

Tuberculosis (TB) stands out as one of the principal infectious diseases affecting Amazonian Indians. Recent research indicates that incidence rates among indigenous peoples may be as much as ten times higher than those of the general Brazilian population. Purified protein derivative reactivity in Amazonia is low compared with populations of European descent; anergy rates usually surpass 50%, even under high BCG coverage. An annual risk of infection of 1.2-2.2% points to high rates of transmission. Whether or not particular susceptibility to TB is linked to genetics, Amazonian Indians face a disproportionately high risk of contracting and dying from TB.     

活动性肺结核患者抗痨治疗前后PPD试验结果的分析

目的研究PPD试验结果强阳性作为潜伏性结核诊断指标的可行性。 方法选取2018年1月至8月在泰兴市人民医院住院，痰涂片抗酸杆菌（+）且PPD试验强阳性的继发性肺结核患者15例作为研究对象。抗痨治疗前行PPD试验检查，并记录其结果；抗痨满疗程，且临床判断肺结核治愈，在停药前再次行PPD试验，并记录结果，与抗痨前进行比较。 结果15例痰涂片阳性，且PPD试验强阳性肺结核患者抗痨治疗前PPD平均直径为22.35 mm。抗痨治疗满疗程，且临床判断治愈，停药前PPD试验结果，15例均为强阳性，平均直径为25.46 mm。 结论PPD试验强阳性通常见于活动性结核患者，本研究提示PPD试验强阳性也可发生于已治愈稳定的肺结核人群。故根据PPD试验强阳性诊断潜伏性结核感染推广预防性抗痨治疗需慎重。     

964例初治涂阴肺结核病人诊断和治疗分析

目的分析初治涂阴肺结核病人的诊断和治疗,控制潜在传染。方法对高唐县结核病防治所2001—2010年登记的初治涂阴肺结核病例的管治情况进行汇总回顾性分析。结果 10年共登记初治涂阴病人964例,体检发现318例,因症就诊646例。PPD试验:强阳性764例,一般阳性121例,79例未做。完成疗程941例,痰菌转阳6例,死亡2例,中断治疗15例。胸部X线病灶范围:1～2个肺野728例,3个肺野以上213例。结论菌阴结核病人的诊断应结合胸部X线片、痰菌检查、PPD试验和临床症状综合分析,确诊后应规范治疗,阻止菌阴转阳,控制传染。     

武安市8664名中小学新生结核菌素试验结果分析

目的掌握武安市中小学入学新生结核病免疫现状,为做好学生结核病防治工作提供依据。方法对武安市4所城区小学、5所乡村小学、3所乡村中学初一学生,2所城区中学初一学生共8 664名进行结核菌素(PPD)试验。结果武安市乡村小学一年级新生PPD阳性率为60.45%,城区一年级新生PPD阳性率为63.02%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);乡村小学一年级新生PPD强阳性率为2.23%,城区小学一年级新生PPD强阳性率为1.03%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。城区初一新生PPD阳性率为56.77%,乡村初一新生PPD阳性率为50.44%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论武安市城区小学一年级新生阳性率较高,说明学生对结核菌有一定抵抗力。但乡村学校新生PPD强阳性率较高,学校传染病防治工作存在隐患,需要进一步重视在校学生的结核病防治工作。     

北京市怀柔区部分中、小学生结核病感染调查

目的 调查北京市怀柔区中、小学结核病感染情况。方法 对中、小学生进行结核菌素试验（PPD），并对其感染特点进行分析。结果 高中、初中、小学一年级新生结素试验≥5mm分别为57．7％，44．4％，21．6％，结素试验≥15mm分别为16．8％、13．5％、2．8％，各年级≥5mm及≥15mm均有显著差别。有结核病接触史的学生≥15mm为45．2％，无接触史的≥15mm为10．6％，高34．6个百分点。结论 把中、小学生作为结核病预防治疗对象，是控制结核病流行的重要措施。     

Les allergies aux piercings et aux tatouages : enquête du réseau d’allergo-vigilance

Piercing and tattooing are the most commonly encountered body modifications. Besides risks of infection and scarring, allergic reactions can also occur. The present multicentric study was the first carried out to evaluate the frequency of allergy consultation for such problems. Of the 138 allergists who responded to two questionnaires, 7.9% had observed allergies to piercing and 18.9% had identified an allergy to long-term henna tattoos. Contact eczema, rhinitis and urticaria were associated with an allergy to nickel. Contact eczema, generalized eczema, pruritis and edema caused by tattoos had been observed. Sensitivity to paraphenyline diamine (PPD) was established in 20/28 cases. After reviewing the literature, we emphasize the risk of serious allergy to PPD, of the need for long term surveillance because of the risk of cutaneous lymphocytoma, and of the difficulty of treating certain cases, all of which require close follow-up.