低血糖指数食物饮食教育对2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响

目的观察低血糖指数食物饮食教育对2型糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法将90例2型糖尿病患者随机分为对照组和观察组各45例。观察组采用低血糖指数食物饮食教育，对照组给予常规饮食教育，两组均随访观察4周。结果干预后对照组与观察组空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈O．01）。结论低血糖指数食物饮食教育有助于2型糖尿病患者提高饮食依从性和平稳控制血糖。     

CO2激光包皮环切"美容"术1624例

目的探讨将整形美容的方法引入CO2激光包皮环切术中治疗包皮过长及包茎的疗效。方法在行常规CO2激光包皮环切术中,将整形美容的方法贯穿始终。结果1624例中,1593例术后未发生并发症,伤口愈合良好,外形美观;7例术后6h内发生出血,24例术后9~20d切口裂开。结论将整形美容的方法引入CO2激光包皮环切术中,伤口愈合良好,外形美观,疗效满意。     

Cyclosporine Interacts with Mycophenolic Acid by Inhibiting the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2

In mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-treated organ transplant recipients, lower mycophenolic acid (MPA) plasma concentrations have been found in cyclosporine (CsA) compared with tacrolimus (Tac)-based immunosuppressive regimens. We previously demonstrated that CsA decreases exposure to MPA and increases exposure to its metabolite MPA-glucuronide (MPAG), possibly by interfering with the biliary excretion of MPAG. To elucidate the role of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)-2 in the interaction between MMF and CsA, we treated three groups of 10 Mrp2-deficient rats (TR- rat) for 6 days with either vehicle, CsA (8 mg/kg) or Tac (4 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Hereafter, co-administration with MMF (20 mg/kg) was started in all groups and continued through day 14. The 24-h MPA/MPAG area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was determined after single (day 7) and multiple MMF doses (day 14). On both study days, there were no significant differences in the mean MPA and MPAG AUC between CsA and Tac-treated animals. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of MMF are comparable in Mrp2-deficient rats receiving either CsA or Tac as co-medication. This finding suggests that CsA-mediated inhibition of the biliary excretion of MPAG by the Mrp2 transporter is the mechanism responsible for the interaction between CsA and MMF.     

靶向寡肽溶栓剂

对靶向寡肽溶栓剂P6A(ARPAK)及其衍生物、RGD肽及含有自由基伪肽的靶向溶栓作用进行综述。P6A是纤溶酶原的降解产物之一,具有增加血管通透性和溶栓作用。P6A的衍生物及P6A代谢产物具有更强的溶栓作用。血栓形成中,RGD序列是纤维蛋白原与血小板结合的关键序列。将RGD序列与溶栓寡肽结合,构成了具有靶向溶栓作用的杂交寡肽。在溶栓治疗中,血流再灌注生成的大量自由基会对组织造成损伤,将自由基清除剂与溶栓寡肽结合可得到具有溶栓和自由基清除双向功能的溶栓伪肽。因为溶栓处是产生大量自由基的部位,所以含自由基清除剂的溶栓伪肽可将自由基清除剂带到自由基堆积部位,体现了靶向内涵。     

不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果观察

目的研究侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）、翻正反射消失（loss of righting reflex,LRR）持续时间、共济失调等的影响。方法腹腔注射氯胺酮75mg/kg及咪达唑仑5mg/kg麻醉大鼠后,侧脑室注射不同剂量orexin2A,通过大鼠脑电δ波比例、LRR持续时间及共济失调监测,了解不同剂量orexin2A对麻醉大鼠催醒效果。结果与对照组相比,侧脑室注射orexin2A1nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;侧脑室注射orexin2A4、7、10nmol后,大鼠脑电δ波、LRR持续时间及共济失调时间,差异有统计学意义（t=22.81～36.45,P〈0.01）;高剂量组与超高剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论侧脑室注射orexin2A可使麻醉深度变浅,麻醉时间缩短,并可促进麻醉后运动功能恢复,存在一定的量效关系。     

One-year follow-up results of combined use of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> laser and cold instrumentation for Reinke’s edema surgery in professional voice users

The purpose of this study was to present our experience with combined use of CO₂ laser and cold instrumentation for Reinke’s edema surgery and to evaluate 1-year follow-up results of the technique in a series of professional voice users. Fifteen patients with Reinke’s edema who underwent microlaryngoscopic surgery were included. Videolaryngostroboscopy, perceptual and acoustic voice analyses were performed before and after surgery. During the 1-year follow-up, no recurrence of Reinke’s edema was encountered. Significant postoperative improvement was obtained in the quality of voice, in terms of GRBAS scores, Fo, jitter, shimmer and NHR. No evidence of laryngeal cancer was found on the histological examinations. Combined use of CO₂ laser and cold instrumentation provides a reliable and safe method for Reinke’s edema surgery, and cessation of smoking, voice rest and control of the laryngopharyngeal reflux contribute to the success of surgery. We consider that the removal of redundant mucosa of the vocal fold reduces the risk of the recurrence of Reinke’s edema and provides better quality of voice. However, it does not imply that our method is superior to others’, but this procedure constitutes an effective treatment of choice for Reinke’s edema patients, including professional voice users.     

MMPI‐2 assessed post‐traumatic stress disorder related to job stress,coping, and personality in police agencies

The PK and PS scales of the MMPI‐2 were developed to index the degree of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These scales were applied to a sample of 254 mostly male sworn and civilian law enforcement employees from four police agencies. Participants also completed surveys measuring their perceived levels of job stress, their use of a set of coping strategies, and their performance on measures of five global personality domains. The two PTSD scales appeared to have good internal structures and relatively high reliabilities. Employees at greater risk for PTSD reported higher levels of work‐related stress, seemed to use more maladaptive coping strategies, were more neurotic, and tended to be less extraverted, agreeable, and conscientious. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.