Attitudes,health lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors among relatives of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveTo describe and compare attitudes, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic risk factors between individuals with and without a relative with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) living in the same household.MethodsA secondary analysis of baseline data from an implementation study in Peru was conducted. The outcomes were attitudes towards changing lifestyle behaviors (e.g. intentions towards losing weight, increasing physical activity, reducing salt consumption, etc), profiles of health lifestyle behaviors (e.g. daily smoking, heavy drinking, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., overweight [body mass index ≥25 kg/m²] and hypertension); whereas the exposure was the presence of at least one relative with known diagnosis of T2DM living in the same household. Multilevel logistic mixed effect regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsA total of 2298 records, 1134 (49.4%) males, mean age 43.3 (SD: 17.2) years, were analyzed. There was no evidence of a difference in lifestyle-changing attitudes, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity levels, and hypertension between individuals with and without relatives with T2DM. Overweight was 63% more common among individuals having a relative with a T2DM in multivariable model (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.03–2.61).ConclusionsIndividuals with relatives with T2DM have higher probabilities of being overweight compared to those who did not have relatives with T2DM in the same household. The absence of differences on lifestyle-related attitudes and behaviors highlight the need of involving relatives of patients with T2DM on intervention strategies to further enhance diabetes prevention and management efforts.     

Dietary weight loss in insulin-resistant non-obese humans: Metabolic benefits and relationship to adipose cell size

Background and Aims

Overweight and obesity increase risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, largely through development of insulin resistance. Benefits of dietary weight loss are documented for obese individuals with insulin resistance. Similar benefits have not been shown in overweight individuals. We sought to quantify whether dietary weight loss improves metabolic risk profile in overweight insulin-resistant individuals, and evaluated potential mediators between weight loss and metabolic response.

Effect of ENPP1/PC-1-K121Q and PPARgamma-Pro12Ala polymorphisms on the genetic susceptibility to T2D in the Tunisian population

Diabetes mellitus is the most common chronic metabolic disease. The raising diabetes epidemic is unfolding as an interaction between several environmental factors and a genetic predisposition. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of the PPARγ-Pro12Ala and ENPP1-K121Q polymorphisms on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in a case–control study in the Tunisian population. To assess for any association of ENPP1-K121Q and PPARγ-Pro12Ala polymorphisms with T2D risk, we analysed the genotypic and allelic distributions of each variant in the studied cohort. Our results support that the genetic variation at ENPP1-K121Q predisposes to T2D in the Tunisian population after adjustment on gender, age and BMI status (OR = 1.55, 95%CI [1.11–2.16], p = 0.007).Conversely, the PPARγ-Pro12Ala variant seems not to have a significant effect on T2D risk in our Tunisian cohort. However, the minor A-allele would convey protection against overweight in the Tunisian population. In fact, the over weighted subjects showed a significantly lower frequency of A-allele than lean controls (OR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.25–0.97], p = 0.02). In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that ENPP1-121Q is involved in the genetic susceptibility of T2D in the Tunisian population, while the PPARγ-12Ala allele may confer protection against overweight.     

武汉市事业单位人员超重与肥胖现状分析

目的了解武汉市事业单位人员超重肥胖患病率现状,为开展体重控制相关干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取武汉市700名事业单位人员进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果武汉市事业单位人员的超重率和肥胖率分别为27.34%和8.17%,其中男性超重和肥胖率分别是37.89%和11.49%,女性超重和肥胖率分别是17.66%和5.13%。51-55岁人群组超重率最高,41-45岁人群组肥胖率最高,在婚人群的超重肥胖率高于未婚/离异/丧偶者,文化程度高的人群肥胖率较低。结论武汉市事业单位人员有超过30.00%的人超重或肥胖,应高度重视,采取有效措施进行健康干预,以预防各种相关疾病的发生。     

Body mass index through self-reported data and body image perception in Spanish adults attending dietary consultation

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore, based on sex and age, knowledge regarding weight, height, and the perception of body shape in Spanish adults who attend dietary consultation. We also wanted to determine the participants' desired body shapes and what they considered their best health status.MethodsThe sample consisted of 8100 women and 1220 men from Spain. They were between the ages of 18 and 75 y. Weight (kg) and height (cm) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Participants were nutritionally classified following the cutoffs proposed by the World Health Organization. Each individual was asked about his or her weight and height and self-reported BMI was calculated. They also answered a test of body image perception through drawings of human silhouettes that corresponded to an exact BMI. With this, perceived BMI, desired BMI, and BMI considered healthy were estimated. Parametric statistic tests for contrast of mean and percentages were applied.ResultsSelf-reported and perceived BMI underestimate the BMI obtained through anthropometry. Differences between measured and self-reported BMI are lower in women and increase with age in both sexes. The same result was obtained when comparing measured BMI with perceived BMI through silhouette test. On average, desired BMI and healthy BMI were in the limits of normal weight for all ages and both sexes. However, the difference between them was also lower in women.ConclusionAge and sex influence the perception of excess weight and body image. This could condition the demand of dietary treatment to improve the nutritional status.     

超重孕妇低生糖负荷膳食干预对新生儿DNA甲基化影响的探索性研究

目的通过对超重孕妇实施低血糖生成指数(GI)膳食的干预,探讨胎盘组织和脐血中与体重增长有关基因的甲基化的改变。 方法采用随机化单盲对照干预试验设计,研究对象为初次产检孕周≤12周且体重超重的孕妇。以研究对象纳入的顺序号为随机序列号,采用简单随机化的方法随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组在中国孕妇保健规范的基础上结合国家对孕妇的膳食和体力活动规范实施低GI膳食指导干预 ,对照组仅按照国家规范给予指导,不给予低GI膳食的指导。两组分别在孕早期、中期和晚期干预3次。 干预组和对照组各纳入25例。孕妇分娩时收集胎盘组织和脐血,提取DNA,采用Illumina甲基化芯片进行两步法全基因组甲基化测定。 结果孕妇孕期相关暴露因素在干预组与对照组差异无统计学意义;胎儿出生体重干预组高于对照组［（3.7±0.5） vs (3.5±0.4) kg］,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.248)。本研究结果结合生物信息数据库分析,筛选出19个基因位点,所属18个基因,其中5个基因位于1号染色体,2个基因位于7号染色体,其余基因分布分散。比较干预组与对照组甲基化的改变,发现脐血中2个差异的甲基化CpG位点,分别位于TEKT5和MIR378C基因上,胎盘组织中1个差异的甲基化CpG位点,所属PGBD5基因。 结论通过对超重孕妇采取低GI膳食干预,胎盘组织和脐血中基因的甲基化可以发生改变,为中国超重、肥胖孕妇疾病的预防提供新的方法,对子代的健康成长有重要的意义。     

二维斑点追踪技术评估超重及肥胖女性妊娠期胎儿心室收缩功能的研究

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术评价超重及肥胖女性妊娠期胎儿心室收缩功能。 方法选取空军军医大学唐都医院2019年6月至2020年3月单胎妊娠的孕妇80例,所有孕妇均于孕24周行常规胎儿超声心动图及二维斑点追踪成像检查。依据孕前体质量指数（BMI）将研究对象分为正常对照组30例、超重组27例和肥胖组23例。采用常规超声心动图及二维斑点追踪技术,对各组胎儿心脏结构、常规心室舒张及收缩功能指标、全心整体球形指数（GSI）以及左、右心室心内膜整体纵向应变（GLS）和右心室游离壁应变（FWSt）进行评价及比较分析。 结果肥胖组、超重组与正常对照组的胎儿左、右房室横径,心脏面积,心胸面积比及四腔心横径、长径,GSI比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。各组胎儿二、三尖瓣口血流E/A值及瓣环运动速度e/a值差异均无统计学意义,肥胖组二、三尖瓣瓣环收缩期运动速度s较正常对照组及超重组均降低,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。各组胎儿左心室射血分数,左、右心室面积变化率,二尖瓣环收缩期位移及三尖瓣环收缩期位移比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。左、右心室GLS,及右心室FWSt在正常对照组、超重组、肥胖组均依次逐渐减低,组间差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。 结论超重女性妊娠可能会使胎儿心肌功能发生改变,左、右心室纵向应变各参数指标可以较好地反映超重及肥胖女性妊娠所引起的胎儿心肌收缩功能改变,有利于孕期随访观察及指导孕妇体重管理。     

北京市部分老年男性体检人群血脂状况分析及管理

目的分析老年男性体检人群中公务员与银行员工血脂检测结果,探究相应的健康管理措施。方法选取2013年在北京某医院体检的465名老年男性公务员,分析其血脂、脂肪肝、超重及调脂药物应用等情况,与同期在本院体检的同年龄段老年男性银行员工相比较。结果老年男性公务员低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高的检出率显著低于银行员工,体检后咨询率以及调脂药物服用率均高于银行职工（P ＜0．01）;老年男性公务员与银行职工在脂肪肝、超重和肥胖的检出率方面差异无统计学意义,高三酰甘油检出率在70～79岁、≥80岁年龄段也差异无统计学意义。结论男性老年人积极控制低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高,可通过饮食、运动等健康管理,以降低超重、肥胖和脂肪肝的发病率。     

Body mass index distribution in climacteric women

Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in 2481 climacteric women selected from among the outpatients attending the Menopause Clinic at Bologna University in absence of hormonal replacement therapy and diseases that could cause weight gain. Analysis of variance of the W/H² (weight/height squared) distribution in different age and climacteric situations demonstrates that the pre-menopause is a weight-gain inducing state and that ageing seems to cause a progressive increase in W/H².