Successful interventions to reduce first-case tardiness in Dutch university medical centers: Results of a nationwide operating room benchmark study

Background

First-case tardiness is still a common source of frustration. In this study, a nationwide operating room (OR) Benchmark database was used to assess the effectiveness of interventions implemented to reduce tardiness and calculate its economic impact.

Methods

Data from 8 University Medical Centers over 7 years were included: 190,295 elective inpatient first cases. Data were analyzed with SPSS statistics and multidisciplinary focus-group study meetings. Analysis of variance with contrast analysis measured the influence of interventions.

Results

Seven thousand ninety-four hours were lost annually to first-case tardiness, which has a considerable economic impact. Four University Medical Centers implemented interventions and effectuated a significant reduction in tardiness, eg providing feedbacks directly when ORs started too late, new agreements between OR and intensive care unit departments concerning “intensive care unit bed release” policy, and a shift in responsibilities regarding transport of patients to the OR.

Conclusions

Nationwide benchmarking can be applied to identify and measure the effectiveness of interventions to reduce first-case tardiness in a university hospital OR environment. The implemented interventions in 4 centers were successful in significantly reducing first-case tardiness.     

2013年国际麻醉领域指南回顾

背景 麻醉学发展日新月异,麻醉指南的更新与发布对推动临床麻醉发展至关重要. 目的 介绍2013年国际麻醉学界内6部相关指南. 内容 将麻醉后恢复或管理、困难气道管理、手术室火灾预防或管理、围手术期严重出血管理及凝血功能异常患者区域麻醉风险评估共6部指南的概况、要点及精华予以回顾介绍. 趋向 熟悉麻醉领域内指南更新,既有助于麻醉医师更好地规范临床实践,也有助于在临床中思考与总结,以进一步提高临床麻醉安全,保证麻醉质量.     

内镜室护士医院感染的危险因素分析及防护措施

目的分析内镜室护士医院感染的危险因素,提出针对性的防护措施。方法对本市3家三级医院内镜室护士11名,发放自行设计的医院感染调查问卷、自我防护调查问卷进行调查,统计医院感染的危险因素,包括体液污染、排泄物污染、血液污染、锐器损伤发生频次,自我防护情况,包括自我防护等级和个人防护意义等。结果本市3家医院内镜室2013年1月共进行胃镜、结肠镜、十二指肠镜和支气管镜1 110例次,随机抽查436例,不同级别防护职业暴露发生率比较差异具有统计学意义（F=5.2614、4.2615、4.6251、4.0123,P均〈0.05）。6名主管护师职称体液污染、排泄物污染、血液污染和锐器损伤分别为0.92、0.69、0.00和0.23例次,显著低于护师及护士,不同职称职业暴露例次比较差异具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。11名护士防护不当后果知晓率为90.90%,职业暴露处理方法知晓率为63.63%,高危操作防护知晓率为72.73%,标准预防内容知晓率为54.55%,主管护师职称各项知晓率显著高于护师及护士,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（χ^2=6.2053、21.5647、12.4851、15.0314,P均〈0.05）。结论内镜室护士职业暴露发生率较高,部分护师和护士防护意识较差,因此,提高认识、强化内镜室护士防护管理,对降低医院感染具有重要意义。     

OVA-bound nanoparticles induce OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a,and IgG2b responses with low IgE synthesis

There is an urgent requirement for a novel vaccine that can stimulate immune responses without unwanted toxicity, including IgE elevation. We examined whether antigen ovalbumin (OVA) conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) (OVA-NPs) with average diameter of 110 nm would serve as an immune adjuvant. When BALB/c mice were immunized with OVA-NPs, they developed sufficient levels of OVA-specific IgG1 antibody responses with low levels of IgE synthesis, representing helper T (Th)2-mediated humoral immunity. OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b responses (i.e., Th1-mediated immunity) were also induced by secondary immunization with OVA-NPs. As expected, immunization with OVA in alum (OVA-alum) stimulated humoral immune responses, including IgG1 and IgE antibodies, with only low levels of IgG2a/IgG2b antibodies. CD4-positive T cells from mice primed with OVA-NPs produced substantial levels of IL-21 and IL-4, comparable to those from OVA-alum group. The irradiated mice receiving OVA-NPs-primed B cells together with OVA-alum-primed T cells exhibited enhanced anti-OVA IgG2b responses relative to OVA-alum-primed B cells and T cells following stimulation with OVA-NPs. Moreover, when OVA-NPs-primed, but not OVA-alum-primed, B cells were cultured in the presence of anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, IL-4, and IL-21, or LPS plus TGF-β in vitro, OVA-specific IgG1 or IgG2b antibody responses were elicited, suggesting that immunization with OVA-NPs modulates B cells to generate IgG1 and IgG2b responses. Thus, OVA-NPs might exert their adjuvant action on B cells, and they represent a promising potential vaccine for generating both IgG1 and IgG2a/IgG2b antibody responses with low IgE synthesis.     

Low satisfaction with sex life among people with severe mental illness living in a community

Research on the sex lives of people with severe mental illness (SMI) most often focuses on dysfunction and the side-effects of medication. We wished to determine how people with SMI experience sex and assess satisfaction with it in a broader evaluation of quality of life. Data were gathered using mixed methods, including a reliable psychometric quality of life instrument, and in-depth interviews. Sex life showed the lowest rating of all quality of life domains, with men indicating lower satisfaction in this area than women. Low satisfaction also correlated with lower scores on the total quality of life index. Sexuality and intimate relations were generally experienced as out of reach or something of secondary importance that had to be controlled, according to many of those suffering from SMI. Programs such as patient disorder-specific or partner assisted interventions, to increase the possibility of sustaining a sex life might need to be added to existing recommendations for people with SMI living in a community.     

医药工业洁净室悬浮粒子的测量不确定度评定

目的：评定洁净室悬浮粒子的测量不确定度。方法对悬浮粒子的测量不确定度来源分析,建立数学模型,逐项评定悬浮粒子的不确定度的分量,合成标准不确定度,最后得出测量结果的扩展不确定度。结果粒径≥0.5μm的悬浮粒子数为（10490±2472）粒/m3,k=2;粒径≥5μm的悬浮粒子数为（923±296）粒/m3, k=2。结论悬浮粒子的测量不确定度主要来源是仪器的计量性能及试验重复性引起的不确定度,测量时应注意采样点的均匀性及代表性,多点采样,以减少不确定度,提高结果的可靠性。     

规范化培训与量化绩效考核对手术室感染率的影响

目的 探讨规范化培训与量化绩效考核对手术室感染率的影响.方法 2012年1-12月对我院手术室护理人员进行规范化培训并实施量化绩效考核,与201 1年1-12月感染率情况进行比较.结果 对手术室护理人员进行规范化培训,采取量化绩效考核之后,手术室感染率由1.46％下降到0.70％ （P=O.001）.结论 在护理管理中对护理人员进行规范化培训,并绩效考核量化其工作内容,能够调动其工作积极性,降低手术室感染率,提高护理服务质量.     

亚专业组在手术室专科化管理中的应用实践

专科化管理模式是综合医院手术室管理的必然趋势。自2012年起哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院中心手术室心外专科组实施了亚专业组管理模式,各组成员业务水平及工作热情显著提高,医护合作更加默契,患者及外科医生对手术室护理工作的满意度大大提高。2年多的实践证明,亚专业组在手术室专科化管理中的应用保证了手术室护理质量,提高了工作效率,调动了护士的工作积极性。     

四种病毒灭活方法用于登革病毒灭活效果的比较

目的评价常用病毒灭活方法对血液制品中登革病毒(DENV)的灭活效果。方法将单采新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP),人凝血因子Ⅷ(FⅧ)和静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)3种血浆及其制品中加入高滴度(8.00-9.25)的登革病毒液,分别采用亚甲蓝(MB)光化学法灭活FFP、有机溶剂/去污剂(S/D)法灭活FⅧ、低pH常温孵化法和巴氏消毒法灭活IVIG;以1×10~6/mL A549细胞接种于T25的培养瓶中作为病毒传代及滴度滴定指示细胞,将灭活前后的血浆及制品接种于A549细胞并检测其DENV滴度,并通过qRT-PCR对DENV RNA做定量检测;评估不同的灭活方法对DENV的灭活效果。结果 DENV滴度下降:MB光化学法灭活FFP下降滴度≥5.92 log,S/D法灭活FⅧ下降滴度≥5.17 log、巴氏法和低pH法灭活IVIG均下降滴度≥5.92 log,其中MB光化学法灭活FFP、SD灭活FⅧ及巴氏法灭活IVIG后DENV RNA(cp/mL)降低1.25 log-2.25 log,低pH法灭活IVIG后DENV RNA(cp/mL)降低0.17 log。所有血浆和血液制品样品经灭活后,在DENV宿主细胞上3代盲传后均未检测到DENV RNA。结论 4种常用病毒灭活方法均能有效灭活血浆及血液制品中的DENV。