常规MRI纹理分析鉴别诊断眼眶淋巴瘤与炎性假瘤

目的 探讨常规MRI纹理分析在眼眶淋巴瘤和炎性假瘤鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理或治疗随访证实的15例眼眶淋巴瘤及17例炎性假瘤患者的MRI资料。应用MaZda软件手工勾画ROI,并提取T1WI、脂肪抑制T2WI及脂肪抑制T1WI增强扫描图像中病变的纹理特征。通过Fisher系数、分类错误概率联合平均相关系数（POE+ACC）、交互信息（MI）及三者联合（FPM）的方法选择最佳纹理参数集合。使用线性判别分析（LDA）和非线性判别分析（NDA）进行纹理分类。比较最佳分类序列上两种病变的纹理特征差异。结果 T1WI及T2WI最佳纹理参数主要源于共生矩阵及游程矩阵,增强T1WI最佳纹理参数主要源于共生矩阵及直方图。T2WI纹理特征鉴别眼眶淋巴瘤及炎性假瘤能力最佳,其中FPM选择纹理特征联合NDA分类的误判率最低,为1.56%。眼眶淋巴瘤T2WI纹理特征参数中的能量及长游程补偿均高于炎性假瘤（P均<0.005）,而熵及短游程补偿均低于炎性假瘤（P均<0.005）。结论 常规MR图像纹理分析可用于鉴别眼眶淋巴瘤和炎性假瘤。     

眼眶肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声动力学检查及海绵状血管瘤的血流成像特征

目的探讨眼眶肿瘤彩色多普勒超声动力学检查及海绵状血管瘤的血流成像特征。方法应用彩色多普勒超声仪,对30例眼眶肿瘤患者进行眼部超声扫查(直接法),用探头压迫眼球,使压力传递至肿瘤,观察加压和解除压力过程中,以及加压前、后的彩色血流图像变化。结果用探头压迫眼球和解除压力过程中,30例眼眶肿瘤患者中6例(6/7)海绵状血管瘤内均显示彩色血流信号;解除压力过程中血流方向与压迫眼球时完全相反;施加压力前和停止加压后均无血流信号显示;13例实体性肿瘤内(泪腺多形性腺瘤4例、神经鞘瘤3例、泪腺腺样囊性癌2例、淋巴瘤1例、脂肪肉瘤1例、纤维肉瘤1例、炎性假瘤1例)加压前后多可显示红、蓝血流信号,且压迫眼球时部分血流信号消失,解除压力后血流信号恢复,但血流方向不发生改变;2例静脉曲张检查时,在对颈内静脉施加压力和解除压力过程中,出现流向相反的血流信号。其余8例囊性病变内(皮样囊肿4例、黏液囊肿3例、脓肿1例)均无彩色血流信号显示,压迫眼球也无变化。结论海绵状血管瘤加压过程中,特征性动态血流信号的改变可以作为其诊断和鉴别诊断的依据,彩色多普勒超声动力学检查对眼眶肿瘤术前鉴别诊断有实用价值。     

眼眶前脂肪细胞在甲状腺相关眼病中的作用研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病的具体发病机制还不清楚研究表明眼眶脂肪组织异常增牛是引起甲状腺相关眼病患者临床症状的主要原因之一,国内外学者对此进行了研究,取得了一些新的认识.现就眼眶前脂肪细胞的来源、脂肪生成的调节、过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体和促甲状腺激素受体在甲状腺相关眼病患者眼眶脂肪组织中的表达及作用等方面的研究进展作一综述.     

Recurrent craniopharyngioma invading the orbit,cavernous sinus and skull base: a case report

A case is described in which a recurrent craniopharyngioma extended into the sphenoid bone, posterior ethmoid cells, cavernous sinus and orbit.     

MRI of the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses and orbits in Wegener's granulomatosis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic MRI criteria in Wegener's granulomatosis of the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses and orbits. Between March 1991 and January 1996, 62 patients with biopsy-proven Wegener's granulomatosis were studied with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences. In 32 patients coronal postcontrast T1-weighted images were obtained. Mucosal thickening of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses was demonstrated as high-intensity lesions on T2-weighted SE sequences in 57 patients (92 %). Of this group, inflammatory granulomatous tissue was found on biopsy in 30 patients (48 %) in the nasal cavity and in 4 patients (6 %) in the paranasal sinuses. In 23 patients (37 %) biopsy revealed unspecific inflammatory changes without evidence of granulomatous tissue. In 14 patients (23 %) granulomas were depicted as low-signal intensity lesions on T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences in the paranasal sinuses and orbits. In 5 patients (8 %) osseous destruction was found. After gadolinium injection, 12 of 14 granulomas showed inhomogeneous signal enhancement. In two granulomas no enhancement was found. The MRI technique is helpful in the diagnosis of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. In the initial inflammatory process of Wegener's granulomatosis, it is not possible to differentiate between mucosal inflammation and granulomatous tissue in MRI. In the later stage of granulomatous transformation, granulomas can be depicted as low-signal-intensity lesions. Therefore, Wegener's granulomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with low-signal-intensity lesions on T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and orbits. Received 10 June 1996; Revision received 26 August 1996; Accepted 24 September 1996     

Recurrent hemangiopericytoma and brachytherapy

A 42-year-old woman had two recurrences following excision of a hemangiopericytoma of the left orbit. A third local excision was followed by postoperative brachytherapy (55 Gy in 100 hours). One year later there is no sign of recurrence and the side-effects are minimal.     

The effects of irradiation on the eye and optic nerve

Late effects of irradiation of the eye and optic nerve in 74 patients are reviewed. Time-dose analyses are performed for lacrimal apparatus, retinal, and optic nerve injuries. Management of radiation complications is discussed. Recommendations are made regarding radiation treatment techniques and methods of reducing the risk of late injury.     

Orbital volume in young and adult rabbits

Summary One hundred and ninety-nine postnatal volumetric determinations were made of orbits from 159 young and adult rabbits (64 New Zealand, 95 Dutch) by means either of linear measurements or of removable permanent elastic rubber base imprints. The volumes were calculated from the weights and specific gravities of the orbital imprints. Orbital volume in the New Zealand albino rabbits ranged from 0.7 ml at 14 days to 7.8 ml at 302 days of age. By about 180 days of age orbital volume had reached about 6.5 ml, near its maximum, and was about nine times the size at 14 days of age.Orbital volume in the Dutch rabbits ranged from 3.6 ml at 98 days to 5.8 ml at 540 days of age and were smaller than the New Zealand rabbit orbital volumes. By about 180 days the Dutch rabbit orbital volume had reached its maximum of about 5 ml and was about 25 percent larger than at 100 days of age. Values of orbital volume for the Dutch rabbits correlated noticeably with weight.