Success of day-case treatment of zygomatic and orbital fractures

Traditionally, surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures occurs within two to three weeks of the injury, followed by an overnight admission to allow for extended eye observations. This is due to the risk of postoperative retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) or orbital compartment syndrome (OCS), a rapidly progressive and sight threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. In September 2016 the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals redesigned their trauma service with a full-time trauma consultant, a dedicated clinic, and a weekly morning elective trauma theatre list. This allowed for standardisation of the management of patients with OMFS injuries. Furthermore, a formal day-case ZMC and orbital fracture pathway was developed to allow patients to undergo surgical management of such fractures with a same-day discharge. This has since been identified as an area of excellence by the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme, and is in line with the addition of ZMC and orbital fractures to the procedural list written by the British Association of Day Case Surgery (BADS). Unbeknown to the unit, the volume of day-case procedures was the highest within the UK, demonstrating the importance of GIRFT in highlighting areas of good or unique practice. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of our day-case pathway and designated OMFS trauma service on compliance with recent recommendations by GIRFT and BADS. Secondly, it was to determine the safety of same-day discharge with regards to postoperative complications.     

Imaging of the post-operative orbit and associated complications

Dedicated post-operative radiological evaluation following ophthalmologic procedures is relatively uncommon. However, given the ever-growing ophthalmologic procedural advancements and the increasing utilization of neuroimaging for myriad indications, the orbits are often imaged incidentally in a delayed post-procedural state. Regardless of the clinical scenario, it is important for neuroradiologists and other specialists commonly exposed to orbital imaging to be aware of both expected and abnormal post-operative imaging findings because misinterpreted normal features or unrecognized complications can result in vision-threatening delays in treatment or mismanagement. In this review article, we discuss many common ophthalmologic procedures, their indications, and most likely complications. We also provide illustrative operative photographs and radiological imaging examples. By understanding the surgical intent, recognizing the devices that are commonly used, and developing familiarity with the appearance of post-operative complications, pitfalls in interpretation can be avoided and patient outcomes ultimately improved.     

Recurrent unicystic maxillary ameloblastoma presenting as unilateral proptosis

Unicystic Ameloblastoma (UA) is a rare variant of ameloblastoma which is an odontogenic epithelial neoplasm, typically affecting mandibular ramus. Maxillary ameloblastoma is a rare entity with a more disastrous consequence. Although extremely rare, their highly recurrent and locally aggressive behavior can lead to invasion of vital structures surrounding maxilla (orbit, cranium) even after several years of conservative surgical management (limited resection, curettage). We report a case of 16-year-old girl presenting with proptosis of left eye, UA left maxilla, who was treated initially with limited resection (enucleation) and curettage and the lesion recurred after two years with a more aggressive behavior, causing destruction floor of orbit. To this date there are only 23 documented cases of orbital invasion and only three of the reports are in ophthalmic literature. The ophthalmologists need to be aware of this type of rare lesion presenting as proptosis.     

眼眶前脂肪细胞在甲状腺相关眼病中的作用研究进展

甲状腺相关眼病的具体发病机制还不清楚研究表明眼眶脂肪组织异常增牛是引起甲状腺相关眼病患者临床症状的主要原因之一,国内外学者对此进行了研究,取得了一些新的认识.现就眼眶前脂肪细胞的来源、脂肪生成的调节、过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体和促甲状腺激素受体在甲状腺相关眼病患者眼眶脂肪组织中的表达及作用等方面的研究进展作一综述.     

眼眶恶性黑色素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨眼眶恶性黑色素瘤的发病情况、临床表现、影像学特征、病理特点及其治疗.方法 回顾分析1999年1月至2006年12月就诊的眼眶恶性黑色素瘤患者.结果 眼眶恶性黑色素瘤最常见的症状为眼球突出及眼睑皮下肿物伴眼睑肿胀;最常见的体征为眼球突出、眼球运动受限及眶压升高,其次为眼睑肿胀和扪及皮下肿物;除脉络膜恶性黑色素瘤侵及眼眶者外,患侧眼底多无明显改变.彩色多普勒血流显像示病变区均可见较丰富的血流信号核磁共振检查示,病变区显示特征性的短T1,短T2信号影.病理检查见瘤细胞为圆形、椭圆形、上皮样多角形和梭形等,胞浆内有黑色素沉着;免疫组化示黑色素相关抗原(HMB45)和S-100蛋白均呈阳性.全部病例均手术治疗,经随访0.5～6年,半数无复发及转移.结论 眶内恶性黑色素瘤较少见,多由脉络膜、结膜或眼睑蔓延而来,原发者甚为罕见.核磁共振检查的影像特点可做为重要的诊断依据,治疗以手术切除为主.