Racial disparity in orbital morphology and spatial relations in unoperated Crouzon patients

The altered orbital morphology of patients with Crouzon syndrome could have an impact on the planning of treatment in diverse populations, in spite of the confounding influences of different cranial suture synostosis. This study attempted to explore the differences in orbital characteristics between Asian, Caucasian patients with Crouzon syndrome, associated pansynostosis. Eighty-six preoperative computed tomograms (CT) were included (Asian Crouzon syndrome: n=10; Asian controls: n=24; Caucasian Crouzon syndrome: n=19; Caucasian controls: n=33) and measured using Mimics software (Materialise). Unique cephalometric measurements related to orbital morphology and position were designed. Crouzon syndrome and race both have interactive effects on protrusion of the globe (p=0.009) and medial horizontal angle (p=0.012) in the assessment of orbital morphology. They also interact in the width of the ethmoid sinus (p=0.009) and influence bilateral orbital relations. The anteroposterior orbital roof in Caucasian patients with Crouzon syndrome was shortened by 4.09 mm (p=0.002) compared with Caucasian controls. However, in Asian patients this dimension developed normally. The anteroposterior orbital floor was significantly reduced to a similar extent in both Asian and Caucasian Crouzon patients (both p<0.001). The visual axes in Caucasian patients with Crouzon showed more inferior rotation, by 4.38° (p=0.031) than they did in Caucasian controls, but did not achieve a statistically significant difference in other comparisons. The effect of Crouzon syndrome on orbital malformation and placement is influenced by race, especially structures related to the ethmoid sinus. Asian patients need greater infraorbital advancement for better correction of orbital proptosis and aesthetic benefits, but may require less fronto-orbital advancement than Caucasian patients.     

眼眶转移癌18例临床分析

目的 探讨眼眶转移癌临床表现、原发癌肿部位、治疗转归等特点.方法 回顾性分析2003年7月至2012年12月于我院神经外科住院,经手术和病理明确诊断的,肿瘤达眶尖或累及邻近颅内结构,需行开颅术式进行治疗的18例眼眶转移癌患者,总结其临床表现特点、原发肿瘤部位及治疗效果.结果 18例眼眶转移癌患者均接受外科手术治疗.其中原发癌来自肝癌者4例,肺癌者3例,乳腺癌者2例,肾癌者2例,胃癌者2例,结肠癌、鼻咽癌、甲状腺癌、黑色素瘤及多发性骨髓瘤者各1例.主要临床表现为视力下降、眼球突出、疼痛、眼动障碍等.手术治疗后患者疼痛、眼球突出症状有一定程度缓解.结论 眼眶转移癌发病率低,难以早期诊断;临床中需注意仔细查找原发病灶,并在病史、临床表现、影像学特点等方面与其他眼眶肿瘤进行鉴别,便于准确诊断及选择积极合理治疗方式;该病总体预后差,手术目的为明确诊断、减轻肿瘤负荷、缓解症状,延长患者生命、改善其生存质量.     

间接视神经损伤的CT表现及临床意义

目的　评价CT对间接视神经损伤的诊断价值。方法　对临床诊断为间接视神经损伤的 10 6例 112只眼CT检查结果进行研究。结果　 112只眼中发生眶壁骨折 84只眼 ,占 75 % ,其中以内壁骨折最为常见。 49只眼有明确视神经管骨折 ,占 43 .8% ,2 4只眼既无明显视神经管骨折 ,又无眶壁骨折及窦腔积液 ,占 2 1.4%。视神经增粗者 16只眼 ,占 14 .3 %。结论　CT可较好地显示眶壁骨及眶内视神经形态 ,对间接视神经损伤的诊断及选择治疗方案具有重要的价值。     

Orbital dermoid cyst

Background:Dermoid cyst, a developmental benign choristoma, is the most common orbital tumor of childhood, arising from ectodermal sequestration along the lines of embryonic fusion of mesodermal processes, lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and expanding slowly due to constant desquamation and dermal glandular elements. Approximately 80% are found in the head and neck region and comprise 3-9% all orbital masses.Purpose:It is mandatory to know about the variable presentations of orbital dermoids and the surgical techniques that can be adopted based on the site, extent, age and aesthetic needs, presence of inflammation and possibility of intraoperative rupture.Synopsis:Orbital dermoids can be classified as juxta-sutural, sutural or soft tissue cysts; superficial or deep; intraosseous or extraosseous, and intraorbital or extraorbital. These smooth, painless, mobile or partially mobile lesions mostly present at the fronto-zygomatic suture with proptosis, displacement, ptosis or diplopia, depending on depth and extent. Therefore, it is important to understand the various presentations and the appropriate surgical techniques.Highlights:We describe the embryological origin, types and clinical features of dermoids in this video and demonstrate the surgical and minimally invasive techniques for their management.Video link: https://youtu.be/-q3xD2igjcQ     

动态增强MRI在判断眼眶恶性肿瘤对骨质及眼外肌侵犯中的应用研究

目的 探讨动态增强MRI在判断眼眶恶性肿瘤对周围结构累及情况中的作用。方法 回顾分析2010年12月-2014年5月间就诊的17例眶内恶性肿瘤病人资料,所有病人诊断以及骨质、眼外肌受累与否均经临床病理证实。17例病人术前均行常规MRI及DCE-MRI检查。采用影像后处理软件分别得到肿瘤、相邻骨质、眼外肌的时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）和定量参数值。以临床病理诊断结果为标准,分析肿瘤、相邻受累结构、水肿结构曲线类型及定量参数值的特点。3组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney检验。采用Pearson相关分析受累骨质、受累眼外肌与肿瘤定量参数值间的相关性,Spearman相关分析水肿骨髓、水肿眼外肌与肿瘤各定量参数值间的相关性。结果 肿瘤周围结构DCE-MRI强化特点：①受累结构与肿瘤TIC类型高度一致;Ⅲ型曲线仅见于相邻受累结构。②受累骨质的K^trans、v_e、iAUC与肿瘤相应参数呈正相关,r=0.849、0.790、0.641（P＜0.05）;肿瘤各定量参数均大于水肿骨髓（P＜0.05）,两者参数无相关性（P＞0.05）。③受累眼外肌K^trans、iAUC值与肿瘤相应参数间具有相关性,r=0.830、0.692（P＜0.05）;肿瘤的K^trans、iAUC值均大于水肿眼外肌（P＜0.05）,各参数间无相关性（P＞0.05）。结论 DCE-MRI可作为常规MRI的重要补充,明确眼眶恶性肿瘤累及范围。     

眼眶上皮植入性囊肿的影像学表现

目的探讨眼眶上皮植入性囊肿的影像表现特征,以提高对其的诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的11例眼眶上皮植入性囊肿患者的影像表现,11例均行MRI检查,其中5例行CT扫描。结果11例单发病灶位于眼眶的不同部位,其中8例位于眶隔后软组织内,2例位于眶隔前软组织内,1例位于外直肌附着处。7例为单房囊肿,3例为多房囊肿,1例为囊实性肿块。CT图像上5例表现为略低密度,MRT1WI10例为低信号,1例为高信号,T2WI均为高信号;增强扫描单房囊肿囊壁环形强化,多房囊肿囊壁及囊内分隔强化呈蜂窝状。在CT或MRI图像上,11例均显示眼眶外伤或术后改变。结论眼眶上皮植入性囊肿的影像表现具有一定的特征性;眼眶外伤或术后影像表现可提示该病的诊断。     

眼眶爆裂性骨折的影像诊断与治疗

目的：探讨眶壁爆裂性骨折的CT征象及治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析9例眶壁爆裂性骨折的CT表现与临床资料。结果：7例手术治疗,2例保守治疗,均取得较好的效果。结论：CT扫描是诊断眶壁爆裂性骨折的首选检查方法,可根据CT征象决定治疗方案。     

眼球摘除术后羟基磷灰石义眼台Ⅱ期眼眶内植入疗效观察

目的观察眼球摘除后Ⅱ期眶内植入羟基磷灰石（HA）义眼台的疗效。方法采用羟基磷灰石义眼台做为眼球摘除术后眼窝成形的填充物,观察78例成形效果。结果获得良好的义眼运动,术后并发症少,效果满意。结论二期羟基磷石义眼台植入能有效治疗眼球摘除术后的眼窝凹陷畸形,适当大小的眼台、术中充分分离筋膜,严密缝合筋膜和结膜是防止术后并发症的有效方法。     

眼眶特发性炎性假瘤放射治疗13例临床观察

目的探讨眼眶放射治疗在眼眶特发性炎性假瘤治疗中的应用、疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析13例眼眶特发性炎性假瘤在我院接受眼眶放射治疗的患者,均为全身激素治疗效果不佳及不能耐受激素治疗患者。采用直线加速器眼眶外放射治疗。结果全部患者随访2-4年。13例患者放射治疗后有10例不同程度眼睑肿胀结膜水肿减轻,疼痛减轻,眼球运动改善,眼球突出度降低;其中5例患者完全治愈,5例部分治愈。2例无效,1例患眼复发,1例对侧眼又发病。未出现明显并发症。结论低剂量直线加速器眼眶局部放射治疗对活动性难治性眼眶炎性假瘤能有效缓解症状,且安全可靠。     

眼眶恶性黑色素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨眼眶恶性黑色素瘤的发病情况、临床表现、影像学特征、病理特点及其治疗.方法 回顾分析1999年1月至2006年12月就诊的眼眶恶性黑色素瘤患者.结果 眼眶恶性黑色素瘤最常见的症状为眼球突出及眼睑皮下肿物伴眼睑肿胀;最常见的体征为眼球突出、眼球运动受限及眶压升高,其次为眼睑肿胀和扪及皮下肿物;除脉络膜恶性黑色素瘤侵及眼眶者外,患侧眼底多无明显改变.彩色多普勒血流显像示病变区均可见较丰富的血流信号核磁共振检查示,病变区显示特征性的短T1,短T2信号影.病理检查见瘤细胞为圆形、椭圆形、上皮样多角形和梭形等,胞浆内有黑色素沉着;免疫组化示黑色素相关抗原(HMB45)和S-100蛋白均呈阳性.全部病例均手术治疗,经随访0.5～6年,半数无复发及转移.结论 眶内恶性黑色素瘤较少见,多由脉络膜、结膜或眼睑蔓延而来,原发者甚为罕见.核磁共振检查的影像特点可做为重要的诊断依据,治疗以手术切除为主.