Dynamics of human mortality

Historical human mortality curves display five phases, differing in dimensions with population, time and circumstance. Existing explanatory models describe some but not all of these, and modelling of entire curves has hitherto necessitated an assumption of multiple distributions.     

HPLC法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪口腔崩解片的含量

目的：建立盐酸氟桂利嗪口腔崩解片的HPLC含量测定方法。方法：采用shimadzu ODS C18色谱柱（150.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;流动相为甲醇-磷酸二氢钾（0.01 mol/L,pH=3.5）（68∶32）;流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为254 nm;柱温：30℃。结果：盐酸氟桂利嗪浓度为4.8～57.6μg/ml线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）;平均回收率为100.27%,RSD为1.00%（n=9）。结论：本方法简便、灵敏,精密度高,重现性好,可用于盐酸氟桂利嗪口腔崩解片的含量测定。     

HPLC测定参姜锁阳益气片中淫羊藿苷的含量

目的:建立测定参姜锁阳益气片中淫羊藿苷含量的高效液相色谱方法。方法:采用美国Agilent zorbax extend-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)柱,以甲醇-水-冰乙酸(54∶46∶1)为流动相,流速1.0 mL.min-1;在270 nm波长处检测,柱温30℃。结果:淫羊藿苷在4.0～18.0μg呈线性关系,r=0.999 6;平均加样回收率为99.63%,RSD为1.40%(n=6)。结论:该方法简便易行,结果准确、可靠,重复性好,可用于参姜锁阳益气片中的淫羊藿苷的含量测定。     

盐酸美金刚口腔崩解片的制备

目的制备盐酸美金刚口腔崩解片,优化其制备处方。方法通过处方筛选,考察各处方制得的盐酸美金刚口腔崩解片的外观、崩解时限、口感等,确定最佳处方,并进行了稳定性加速试验。结果与结论最佳处方制备得到的盐酸美金刚口腔崩解片的外观、崩解时限、溶出度、片重差异等均符合规定,且质量稳定。     

正交试验优化氯氮平口腔崩解片的处方

目的制备氯氮平口腔崩解片,优化处方工艺。方法以崩解时限、硬度、片面情况和口感为考察指标,采用正交设计法对处方进行筛选,确定最优处方。结果湿法制粒压片,每片含交联羧甲基纤维素钠20 mg、甘露醇50 mg、微晶纤维素50 mg和预胶化淀粉25 mg时,所得片剂崩解时限小于1 min,且片剂外观光洁,口感良好。结论氯氮平口腔崩解片处方符合口腔崩解片的质量要求。     

中药口崩片体外崩解时限测定方法的研究

目的:对中药口崩片体外崩解时间测定方法进行研究,筛选重现性、分辨率、体内外相关性好的评价方法。方法:采用自制和常用方法测定实验样品(空白和中药口崩片)的体外崩解时间,与口腔内崩解时间比较,评价不同方法测定结果的重现性、分辨率、体内外相关性等。结果:不同方法测定同一类型口崩片具有不同崩解时间。量筒静态法、崩解仪改良法均有缺陷,测定结果与口腔内崩解时间偏离较大;自制崩解装置能较真实地测试口崩片的崩解性能,测定的崩解时间接近口腔内崩解时间,终点判断明确,重现性、分辨率均优于其他方法,体内外相关性良好。结论:自制崩解装置适合测定口崩片(包括中药口崩片)的体外崩解时间,可作为质量控制参考方法。     

氯氮平口腔崩解片的制备及质量控制

目的制备氯氮平口腔崩解片并探讨其质量控制。方法考察填充剂微晶纤维素、甘露醇及崩解剂交联羧甲基纤维素钠的用量,以外观、口感及体外崩解时间为指标,通过正交试验优化处方,采用直接压片法制备口腔崩解片,并对其崩解时间、溶出度、含量进行检测。结果氯氮平口腔崩解片在30s内可完全崩解,2min溶出达90％以上,含量符合规定。结论处方设计合理,制备工艺可行,产品质量可控。     

布南色林口腔崩解片的制备及其主药和有关物质的含量测定

目的:制备布南色林口腔崩解片并建立其主药与有关物质含量测定方法。方法:以微晶纤维素、乳糖、羧甲基淀粉钠等为辅料制备口腔崩解片,并考察其崩解时间和脆碎度等;采用高效液相色谱法测定主药和有关物质含量,色谱柱为KromasilC18,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-25mmol·L-1的磷酸二氢钠溶液(内含25mmol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH=3.0)=35∶30∶35,检测波长为236nm。结果:所制崩解片平均崩解时间为10.3s,平均脆碎度为0.21%。布南色林检测浓度线性范围为0.1069～0.5343μg·μL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.1%,RSD=0.3%;3批样品中主药的平均标示含量为99.6%(RSD=0.7%),有关物质的总含量小于0.32%。结论:布南色林口腔崩解片制备工艺合理,可操作性强,定量方法简便、准确、专属性强、精密度好、回收率高。     

Mixed dentition space analysis in Egyptian children

This study was done to examine the applicability of the Tanaka and Johnston and Moyers’ methods of prediction in Egyptian population and to develop a new prediction method for this specific population if necessary. A total of 325 Egyptian students 145 female, 180 male, mean age 14.4 years, SD±1.1 years were randomly selected from 10 preparatory and secondary schools in Mansoura city, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt during the academic year 2008–2009. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured and compared with the predicted values derived from the Tanaka and Johnston's equations and from Moyers’ probability tables at 35%, 50% and 75%. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in tooth sizes. There were significant differences between the actual measurements and that derived from the Tanaka and Johnston's equation and Moyers’ tables. New linear regression equations were derived for both genders to allow accurate tooth size prediction in Egyptians. The correlation coefficients between the total mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent incisors and that of the maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars were found to be 0.78 and 0.89 in male and 0.63 and 0.87 in female, respectively. It can be concluded that there is a limitation in the application of the Tanaka and Johnston's and Moyers’ prediction methods to Egyptian population. The developed prediction equation is more accurate for predicting the mesiodistal widths of unerupted canine and premolars of Egyptian population.     

青藤碱凝胶剂透皮吸收的研究

目的研究青藤碱凝胶的制备方法及其皮肤通过量。方法用卡巴姆934作为凝胶基质制备青藤碱凝胶,并采用HPLC测定药物的含量,采用TK-12A型透皮扩散池测定并比较其吸收量。结果与羟丙基甲基纤维素凝胶相比,以卡巴姆934作为凝胶基质的青藤碱其经皮渗透效果较好。加入10%丙二醇对药物的经皮渗透影响不大。结论青藤碱在以卡巴姆为基质的凝胶剂中具有较好的经皮渗透效果。