非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变光相干断层扫描研究

目的 探讨非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)患眼远期视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度及其与视野检查结果的相关性.方法 回顾性病例对照研究.对2007年8月至2009年8月在无锡市,第二人民医院眼科21例单眼发病NAION患者42只眼(21只发病眼为实验组,21只对侧正常眼为对照组)进行了视网膜神经纤维层厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT),并检查视野(visual field,VF)、图形视觉诱发电位(pattern-reversal visual evoked potential,P-VEP)等检查.结果 NAION患者RNFL厚度较对照组变薄,上半侧易受累,相应下方视野缺损多见,且视盘非病变区域的RNFL厚度也比正常对照组相应区域变薄.平均RNFL厚度与视野平均缺损有相关性(r=0.38,P ＜0.05).结论 NAION患者远期盘周视神经纤维层厚度变薄,缺血区明显变薄,OCT检查非缺血区的RNFL厚度也变薄,提示NAION的RNFL丢失可能超过了视野检查的视野缺损的范围.NAION患眼盘周RNFL厚度与视野检查结果相关.     

吲哚菁绿荧光成像技术在宫颈癌根治术中的应用进展

宫颈癌是我国女性最常见的生殖系统恶性肿瘤,根治性手术是早期宫颈癌的主要治疗方式,但手术范围大,技术难度高,术后可能出现的并发症多。吲哚菁绿（indocyanine green,ICG）荧光成像技术在外科手术中的应用已十分广泛,并有越来越多的研究表明其在宫颈癌根治术中也展现出巨大的应用前景,在示踪前哨淋巴结、识别盆腔神经、评估子宫血流灌注和保护输尿管等方面发挥着积极作用。这不仅提高了术中肿瘤切除的准确性,还能实现重要解剖结构的可视化,进一步减少术后并发症、改善预后,使患者获益。但目前ICG荧光成像技术在宫颈癌手术治疗中的应用尚处于初步阶段,仍需进一步扩大样本去验证其安全性及有效性。     

Forecasting the Post-Pandemic Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Using the Bullwhip Phenomenon Alongside Use of Nanosensors for Disease Containment and Cure

The COVID-19 pandemic has the tendency to affect various organizational paradigm alterations, which civilization hasyet to fully comprehend. Personal to professional, individual to corporate, and across most industries, the spectrum of transformations is vast. Economically, the globe has never been more intertwined, and it has never been subjected to such widespread disruption. While many people have felt and acknowledged the pandemic’s short-term repercussions, the resultant paradigm alterations will certainly have long-term consequences with an unknown range and severity. This review paper aims at acknowledging various approaches for the prevention, detection, and diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using nanomaterials as a base material. A nanostructure is a material classification based on dimensionality, in proportion to the characteristic diameter and surface area. Nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires (NW), carbon nanotubes (CNT), thin films, and nanocomposites are some examples of various dimensions, each acting as a single unit, in terms of transport capacities. Top-down and bottom-up techniques are used to fabricate nanomaterials. The large surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials allows one to create extremely sensitive charge or field sensors (electrical sensors, chemical sensors, explosives detection, optical sensors, and gas sensing applications). Nanowires have potential applications in information and communication technologies, low-energy lightning, and medical sensors. Carbon nanotubes have the best environmental stability, electrical characteristics, and surface-to-volume ratio of any nanomaterial, making them ideal for bio-sensing applications. Traditional commercially available techniques have focused on clinical manifestations, as well as molecular and serological detection equipment that can identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Scientists are expressing a lot of interest in developing a portable and easy-to-use COVID-19 detection tool. Several unique methodologies and approaches are being investigated as feasible advanced systems capable of meeting the demands. This review article attempts to emphasize the pandemic’s aftereffects, utilising the notion of the bullwhip phenomenon’s short-term and long-term effects, and it specifies the use of nanomaterials and nanosensors for detection, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy in connection to the SARS-CoV-2.     

In-vitro tomography and non-destructive imaging at depth of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms

Tomographic imaging techniques offer new prospects for a better understanding of the quality, performance and release mechanisms of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. It is only over the last fifteen years that tomography has been applied for the in-vitro characterisation of dosage forms. This review aims to introduce the concept of tomography in a pharmaceutical context, and describes the current state-of-the-art of the four most promising techniques: X-ray computed microtomography, magnetic resonance imaging, terahertz imaging and optical coherence tomography. The basic working principles of the techniques are introduced and the current pharmaceutical applications of the technologies are discussed, together with a comparison of their specific strengths and weaknesses. Possible future developments in these fields are also discussed.     

Optical aberrations in the mouse eye

PURPOSE: The mouse eye is a widely used model for retinal disease and has potential to become a model for myopia. Studies of retinal disease will benefit from imaging the fundus in vivo. Experimental models of myopia often rely on manipulation of the visual experience. In both cases, knowledge of the optical quality of the eye, and in particular, the retinal image quality degradation imposed by the ocular aberrations is essential. In this study, we measured the ocular aberrations in the wild type mouse. METHODS: Twelve eyes from six four-week old black C57BL/6 wild type mice were studied. Measurements were done on awake animals, one being also measured under anesthesia for comparative purposes. Ocular aberrations were measured using a custom-built Hartmann-Shack system (using 680-nm illumination). Wave aberrations are reported up to fourth order Zernike polynomials. Spherical equivalent and astigmatism were obtained from the 2nd order Zernike terms. Modulation Transfer Functions (MTF) were estimated for the best focus, and through-focus, to estimate depth-of-focus. All reported data were for 1.5-mm pupils. RESULTS: Hartmann-Shack refractions were consistently hyperopic (10.12+/-1.41 D, mean and standard deviation) and astigmatism was present in many of the eyes (3.64+/-3.70 D, on average). Spherical aberration was positive in all eyes (0.15+/-0.07 microm) and coma terms RMS were significantly high compared to other Zernike terms (0.10+/-0.03 microm). MTFs estimated from wave aberrations show a modulation of 0.4 at 2c/deg, for best focus (and 0.15 without cancelling the measured defocus). For that spatial frequency, depth-of-focus estimated from through-focus modulation data using the Rayleigh criterion was 6D. Aberrations in the eye of one anesthetized mouse were higher than in the same eye of the awake animal. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic refractions in the mouse eye are consistent with previous retinoscopic data. The optics of the mouse eye is far from being diffraction-limited at 1.5-mm pupil, with significant amounts of spherical aberration and coma. However, estimates of MTFs from wave aberrations are higher than previously reported using a double-pass technique, resulting in smaller depth-of-field predictions. Despite the large degradation imposed by the aberrations these are lower than the amount of aberrations typically corrected by available correction techniques (i.e., adaptive optics). On the other hand, aberrations do not seem to be the limiting factor in the mouse spatial resolution. While the mouse optics are much more degraded than in other experimental models of myopia, its tolerance to large amounts of defocus does not seem to be determined entirely by the ocular aberrations.     

IOL Master在硅油填充眼生物测量中的应用

目的评价IOL Master对硅油填充眼进行生物测量的准确性。方法前瞻性选取2008年1月至12月间在我院行硅油取出术的硅油填充眼患者29例（29只眼）,在术前、术后均用IOLMaster测量眼轴长度,并用A超测量术后的眼轴,对结果进行比较。结果有6只眼因晶状体混浊明显或不能固视而未能测得眼轴,其余患眼IOL Master测得的术前、术后眼轴长分别为（26.37±2.80）mm及（26.29±2.77）mm,差值为（-0.04±0.15）mm（-0.36～0.23mm）（P=0.239）,相关系数为0.999;A超测得的患眼术后眼轴长度为（26.06±2.80）mm,患眼术前IOL Master与术后A超测得眼轴长度的差值为（0.18±0.17）mm（-0.21～0.58mm）（P〈0.01）,相关系数为0.998;术后IOL Master与A超测得眼轴长度的差值为（-0.23±0.13）mm（-0.54～-0.05mm）（P〈0.01）,相关系数为0.999。结论 IOL Master光学生物测量法可对硅油填充眼进行准确可靠的生物测量。     

调节性内斜视儿童远视矫正后的散光变化

目的 观察调节性内斜视儿童远视矫正后的散光改变.方法 收集看远和看近内斜视10 PD以上、远视1.0 D以上、配戴足矫远视眼镜看远斜视度在10 PD以内的初诊病人;按初诊年龄分为≥2岁＜4岁组和≥4岁＜8岁组;根据睫状肌麻痹检影验光结果予以配戴足矫眼镜.每年再次验光,应用向量分解法,用90°～180°轴向的散光J180,及45°～135°轴向的散光J45作为散光统计指标.连续观察3年以上.结果 符合条件的调节性内斜视儿童共44名,平均初诊年龄(4.7±1.7)岁,观察(4.3±1.4)年.≥2岁＜4岁组儿童右眼的散光J180平均为(0.35 ±0.34)D,在配戴眼镜的第2年和第3年出现了分别为0.28 D、0.20 D的散光增加(P＜0.05),≥4岁＜8岁组右眼的散光J180,平均为(0.34±0.44)D,在戴镜后的第1年和第2年也分别增加了0.22 D和0.18 D(P ＜0.05),两组儿童在随后的2～3年下降到初诊水平并保持稳定;两组儿童的散光J45平均为(0.14±0.16)D、(-0.002±0.16)D,数值小且无明显变化.结论 调节性内斜视配戴远视足矫眼镜以后散光会出现少量的增加,之后有所降低,该变化与最初配戴眼镜的年龄无关.戴镜在一定时期内能影响儿童屈光的发育趋势.     

Factors Associated with Macular Staphyloma Area on Ultra-widefield Fundus Images

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of applying ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images for macular staphyloma area (MSA) measurement and investigate the associated factors with MSA.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. MSA was measured by UWF imaging. Central foveal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, subfoveal scleral thickness were measured on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Intraclass correlation coefficients of MSA measurement would be evaluated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the associated factors with MSA.ResultsIn total, 135 eyes of 92 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 64.73 ± 10.84 years. Mean MSA on UWF image was 279.67 ± 71.70 mm². Intraclass correlation coefficients of MSA measurement was 0.965 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.946 to 0.977; p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for subfoveal choroidal thickness, best-corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and subfoveal scleral thickness, the factors independently related to MSA were axial length (β = 8.352; 95% CI, 3.306 to 13.398; p = 0.001), sex (β = −26.673; 95% CI, −51.759 to −1.586; p = 0.037), age (β = 1.184; 95% CI, 0.020 to 2.348; p = 0.046).ConclusionsIt is feasible to measure MSA on UWF image. Female, longer axial length, and older age may indicate larger MSA.     

应用表面等离子体共振生物传感器快速检测厌氧菌的研究

目的建立基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器的核酸检测技术,为实时、在线检测微生物奠定技术基础。方法应用SPR生物传感器实时在线分析系统,在传感器表面固定探针分子,对溶液中的靶序列进行杂交检测,研究该检测方法的灵敏度、特异性及可重复性等。结果试验中建立的核酸检测方法能够实现对靶序列的实时检测,检测下限达4×102CFU/ml。结论该试验建立的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、可重复性好等优点,SPR传感器技术在核酸杂交检测工作中有着广阔的应用前景。