A new lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone from Chloranthus japonicus

Chromatographic fractionation of the EtOH extracts of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Chloranthus japonicus, has led to the isolation of a new lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone derivative (1). Rosmarylchloranthalactone E (1), which consists of lindenane sesquiterpenoid lactone and rosmarinic acid moieties linked via an ester bridge, was structurally elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data. Compound 1 was a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.96 ± 0.04 μM.     

Lysyl Oxidase-like Protein Recognizes Viral Envelope Proteins and Bacterial Polysaccharides against Pathogen Infection via Induction of Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides

Lysyl oxidases (LOXs) are copper-dependent monoamine oxidases, and they play critical roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The LOX and LOX-like (LOXL) proteins also have a variety of biological functions, such as development and growth regulation, tumor suppression, and cellular senescence. However, the functions of LOXLs containing repeated scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains in immunity are rarely reported. In this study, we characterized the antiviral and antibacterial functions of a lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) protein containing tandem SRCR domains in Marsupenaeus japonicus. The mRNA level of LoxL was significantly upregulated in the hemocytes and intestines of shrimp challenged using white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or bacteria. After the knockdown of LoxL via RNA interference, WSSV replication and bacterial loads were apparently increased, and the survival rate of the shrimp decreased significantly, suggesting that LOXL functions against pathogen infection in shrimp. Mechanistically, LOXL interacted with the envelope proteins of WSSV or with lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan from bacteria in shrimp challenged using WSSV or bacteria, and it promoted the expression of a battery of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) via the induction of Dorsal nuclear translocation against viral and bacterial infection. Moreover, LOXL expression was also positively regulated by Dorsal in the shrimp challenged by pathogens. These results indicate that, by acting as a pattern recognition receptor, LOXL plays vital roles in antiviral and antibacterial innate immunity by enhancing the expression of AMPs in shrimp.     

钝化剂对土壤重金属镉含量及其在川麦冬中累积的影响

目的通过盆栽实验,综合评价不同钝化材料对土壤镉的钝化以及对川麦冬Cd含量降解的影响。方法以一年生川麦冬为供试材料,采用土壤盆栽实验方法研究了钝化材料汉白玉(Ar)、秸秆生物炭(Br)、粉煤灰(Fh)、菌渣(Me)、硅藻土(Dm)对土壤总Cd、有效Cd和川麦冬各部Cd吸收累积的影响。结果 2种Cd污染程度土壤,不同钝化材料处理下均能提高土壤p H值;土壤阳离子交换量均极显著高于对照组,与土壤p H值成正相关;土壤总Cd含量和土壤有效Cd、麦冬地上部和地下部Cd含量较对照均极显著降低。综合各项指标发现,Ar对重金属Cd的钝化效果最佳,Br和Fh效果其次。结论结合盆栽实验结果来看,Ar、Br、Fh、Me和Dm能够有效降低土壤总Cd含量、有效Cd含量和麦冬各部Cd含量,还能促进麦冬的稳收增产;综合分析,Ar、Fh和Br对重金属Cd钝化效果最好,可作为涪城麦冬种植区土壤钝化修复首选材料。     

不同采收期及加工条件对川麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷含量的影响

目的:研究川麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus块根生长发育期总黄酮和总皂苷的动态积累规律,比较不同加工条件对其含量的影响。方法:应用紫外-可见分光光度法对不同生长期以及不同加工条件的麦冬药材进行总皂苷和总黄酮的含量测定。结果与结论:川麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷的含量在12月至次年1月的块根形成初期中稍有降低;2月至3月底是麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷的主要积累期;进入4月份后麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷的含量趋于稳定,5月初麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷的含量下降,此后,麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷的含量有所起伏;部分加工方法对麦冬总黄酮和总皂苷含量也有一定影响。     

麦冬须根高异黄酮类成分及其清除氧自由基作用

目的：研究川麦冬须根中高异黄酮类成分及其清除氧自由基作用。方法：对川麦冬须根提取物高异黄酮类成分进行分离鉴定，并采用化学发光法测定其清除超氧阴离子（O2^-）、羟自由基（·OH）、过氧化氢（H2O2）的能力。结果：分离得到10个高异黄酮类化合物，经鉴定分别为：甲基麦冬黄烷酮A（1）、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B（2）、麦冬黄烷酮A（3）、麦冬黄烷酮E（4）、5，7-dihydroxy-6，8-dimethyl-3-（4′-hydroxy-3′，5′-dimethoxybenzyl）chroman-4-one（5）、甲基麦冬黄酮A（6）、甲基麦冬黄酮B（7）、去甲基异麦冬黄酮B（8）、5，7，2′-trihydroxy-8-methyl-3-（3′，4′-methylenedioxybenzyl）chromone（9）、5，7，2′-trihydroxy-6，8-dimethyl-3-（3′，4′-methylenedioxybenzyl）chromone（10）。结论：化合物8和9首次从麦冬中分离得到，麦冬中多数高异黄酮类化合物具有不同程度的清除·OH及H2O2作用，活性与其分子结构相关。     

氮、磷、钾对益母草生长及水苏碱和总生物碱影响的研究

目的研究氮、磷、钾肥对益母草生长发育及次生代谢物的影响。方法采用大田试验与室内分析相结合的方法。结果益母草各项生长、产量及水苏碱和总生物碱的量基本均为复肥型高于单肥型，复肥型中又以营养平衡型大于营养失调型，但单施氮肥对以上各项指标均有很大促进作用。在复肥型中，足量磷元素与氮元素的合理配施可以提高氮的肥效。结论以益母草株高、叶片数、分蘖数、产量及水苏碱和总生物碱的量为评价标准，根据氮、磷、钾二次肥料数学模型的计算结果，确定最佳施肥量为：N：37．5～44．0g／m^2，P：37．4～54．3g／m^2，K：31．6～34．4g／m^2，氮、磷、钾的最佳配比为4：4．5：3．3。     

正交设计喷雾干燥工艺制备麦冬皂苷肠溶微球

目的：探索喷雾干燥工艺制备麦冬皂苷肠溶微球的最优工艺参数。方法：以外观形态、包封率、收率等为指标,采用正交设计对喷雾干燥工艺参数进行优选。结果：最优工艺参数：进风温度90 ℃,加料速度10 mL·min^-1,雾化器转速50 r·min^-1。结论：麦冬皂苷肠溶微球质量符合预期要求；影响微球成型的主要因素为进风温度；喷雾干燥技术制备中药微球有利于工业化生产。     

产后逐瘀胶囊的质量标准研究

目的建立产后逐瘀胶囊的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对产后逐瘀胶囊中益母草、川芎进行定性鉴别,并采用TLCS法对方中有效成分盐酸水苏碱进行含量测定。结果薄层色谱定性鉴别特征明显,专属性强。盐酸水苏碱在4.0μg～12.0μg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9997,平均回收率为99.87%,RSD为1.67%。结论该鉴别及含量测定方法简便可靠,重复性好,可用于控制产后逐瘀胶囊的质量。     

Comparative researches on effects of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium dodecyl sulfate upon Lateolabrax japonicus biomarker system

Fish Lateolabrax japonicus were exposed to anion surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 1 mg/l, respectively, for 6, 12 and 18 d, with one control group. Liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were determined; brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were also measured. The results of the study indicated that these parameters made different, sometimes, adverse responses to SDBS and SDS exposure, such as the activity of iNOS can be inhibited by SDBS and induced by SDS, the different physico-chemical characteristics of SDBS and SDS should be responsible for their effects on enzyme activities.     

益母草中生物碱的提取与益母草膜剂的制备

目的比较不同溶剂、不同提取方法对益母草生物碱的提取率，优选最佳提取方案，以制备益母草生物黏啦膜剂。方法采用雷氏氨盐剩余比色法测定生物碱含量。结果渗滤提取率最高，并以此制备益母草生物黏附膜剂。结论此制剂工艺流程合理，适宜生产。