17例胃癌穿孔的诊断治疗体会

目的研究胃癌穿孔患者治疗方法的临床疗效。方法对17例胃癌穿孔的患者进行手术治疗并进行评价。结果治疗后，住院期间死亡率为0；胃肠吻合口瘘为11．8％；平均存活时间为18．3个月；行根治性手术者，平均存活36．2个月。结论对胃癌穿孔患者，只要休克能纠正，身体状态允许，病灶可切除，进行根治性切除治疗是积极的治疗方法。     

胃切除后食管癌手术方法选择

 目的　探讨胃大部切除或全胃切除后再患食管癌手术治疗术式。方法　回顾分析 1990年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月收治胃切除术后再患食管癌 2 9例资料。食管癌切除后的消化道重建方式 :残胃代食管术 2 0例、空肠代食管术 3例、结肠代食管术 6例。结果　 2 9例除 1例颈部食管结肠吻合口瘘、1例胸部食管残胃吻合口瘘、1例吻合口狭窄、3例肺部感染、其余均Ⅰ期愈合。结论　胃大部切除术后食管中下段癌采用残胃代食管术 ,食管中上段癌行结肠代食管术更为合理     

局部动脉内灌注化疗治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的近期疗效观察

目的　评价晚期恶性骨肿瘤局部动脉内灌注化疗 (TAI)的临床价值。方法　 43例均采用Seldinger技术经皮穿刺股动脉 ,插入4～ 5F导管至肿瘤局部供血动脉内行化疗药物的灌注术 ,并对术前、术后 2周内病人疼痛的VAS评分 (视觉模拟量表或视觉模拟评分法 ) ,入院、出院病人生活质量的Karnofsky评分 (卡莫夫斯基机能评分 )和ECOG(东方肿瘤协作组 )评分 ,以及WHO对骨原发及骨转移瘤近期治疗效果的评价标准等进行综合比较。结果　TAI术后病人疼痛的VAS评分明显少于术前 ;病人出院的Karnofsky评分、ECOG评分明显优于入院 ,CR PR近期有效率为 48 8%。结论　TAI为治疗晚期恶性骨肿瘤的一种有效方法 ,它能明显缓解病人疼痛 ,改善生存质量。     

Multicentre analysis of treatment planning information: Technical requirements,possible applications and a proposal

Digital data from 3‐D treatment planning computers is generally used for patient planning and then never considered again. However, such data contains enormous quantities of information regarding patient geometries, tissue outlining, treatment approaches and dose distributions. Were such data accessible from planning systems from multiple manufacturers, there would be substantial opportunities for undertaking quality assurance of radiotherapy clinical trials, prospective assessment of trial outcomes and basic treatment planning research and development. The technicalities of data exchange between planning systems are outlined, and previous attempts at producing systems capable of viewing and/or manipulating imaging and radiotherapy digital data reviewed. Development of a software system for enhancing the quality of Australasian clinical trials is proposed.     

Clinical Features and Mid-Term and Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of 8 Patients with Primary Ventricular Tumors

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical features and surgical treatment of primary ventricular tumors. METHODS Eight patients with primary ventricular tumor, aged 3 to 52 years, underwent surgical treatment. There were 6 males and 2 females. The pathological diagnoses were as follows: multiple left ventricular myxomas in 2 cases; left ventricular rhabclomyoma, fibroma and malignant neurolemmoma in 1 case for each; right ventricular myxoma and malignant neurolemmoma in 1 case for each; intraseptal fibroma in 1 case. The operations were performed through median sternotomy with moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in 7 cases; via left anterolateral thoracotomy without extracorporeal circulation in 1 case. Tumors were totally removed in 7 cases and subtotally resectecl in 1 case. RESULTS Cardiac arrest after anaesthetization occurred in 1 case with postoperative coma for 10 days. One case died of massive gastro-intestinal hemorrhage postoperatively. Seven cases survived, During a follow-up period of 1 to 21 years, there was no recurrence or metastasis in the 6 cases who received complete tumor resection including 2 cases with malignant tumor. One case of partial tumor removal had a mild heart murmur without tumor progression. All patients were asymptomatic with cardiac functiongrade I. CONCLUSION Primary ventricular tumors showed diversity in their histological characteristics. The mid- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for primary ventricular tumors appear to be satisfactory.     

The effect of sandblasting treatment on endurance properties of titanium alloy hip prostheses

Sandblasting is a procedure of increasing surface roughness. This treatment is common in the orthopedic field. An increased roughness may affect the endurance limit of the material. This study investigates the effect on the endurance limit of the Ti6Al4V due to two different sandblasting treatments: fine sandblasting and coarse sandblasting. Twenty hip stems, 10 finely sandblasted and 10 coarsely sandblasted, were tested under sinusoidal fluctuating bending. The staircase method was used to estimate the endurance limit of the material. The results show an important reduction in the endurance properties up to 40% for the coarsely sandblasted specimens. The failures of the sandblasted specimens were not due to material defects. Rather, the decreased endurance strength of the sandblasted stems was caused by surface defects, which act as crack initiators. By modulating the roughness with an appropriate sandblasting treatment, it is possible to limit the reduction in the endurance limit of the alloy.     

Survival and prognostic factors after initiation of treatment in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

BACKGROUND: Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is an unusual lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma characterized by the presence of a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M. Although several studies have evaluated possible prognostic factors of this disease, few have focused on the survival and prognosis of symptomatic patients after the initiation of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study included 122 previously untreated patients with a median age of 67 years who required systemic treatment. Multiple variables were analyzed for their prognostic value on survival after initiation of treatment using univariate and Cox regression multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 106 months. Pretreatment factors associated with shorter survival were age >/=65 years, splenomegaly, B-symptoms (weight loss, fever or night sweats), hemoglobin <10 g/dl, platelets <100 x 10(6)/dl, albumin <3.5 g/dl and bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate >/=50%. In the multivariate analysis, the two variables with independent prognostic value were age >/=65 years and hemoglobin <10 g/dl. Furthermore, we were able to divide our patients into three risk groups based on the presence of two, one or none of these two adverse prognostic factors. The median survival times in the high-, intermediate- and low-risk groups were 46 months, 107 months and 172 months, respectively (P <0.0001). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that advanced age and anemia appear to be the two dominant prognostic factors for survival after initiation of treatment in patients with WM. These two readily available parameters can stratify the patients into three distinct subgroups and may help the selection of appropriate treatment.     

男性乳癌特征分析(附31例报告)

目的：了解男性乳癌特点，提高其早期诊断率及治疗效果。方法：对31例男性乳癌进行了回顾性分析。结合随访资料，应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果：男性乳癌少见，病因不清，发病多在50岁以上，临床病例晚期多见，容易侵犯皮肤及胸肌，乳头常受累，可伴乳头溢血，淋巴结转移较早，雌激素受体阳性率高，治疗以手术为主，主要是改良根治术，包括化疗，内分泌治疗和放疗的综合治疗，预后与腋淋巴结转移状况有关。结论：男性乳癌晚期多见，治疗以综合治疗为主。预后与腋淋巴结转移状况相关。     

身心综合治疗对晚期肿瘤病人负性情绪影响

[目的]探讨身心综合治疗对晚期肿瘤病人负性情绪的影响。[方法]将63名晚期肿瘤患者随机分为对照组32例和治疗组31例。对照组病人给予最佳支持治疗,以达到减轻躯体症状的目的;治疗组除给予最佳支持治疗外,还给予系统的心理治疗,方法包括:一般心理治疗方法、暗示和催眠疗法、认知行为疗法等。于初诊及治疗1个月后用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定患者的躯体化症状和心理状况(主要评定焦虑和抑郁情绪)。应用SPSS10.0做统计分析。[结果]两组病人治疗前均有较明显的抑郁和焦虑,躯体化症状明显,但程度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组病人治疗后抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状程度无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗组病人经身心综合治疗后,抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状程度较治疗前明显减轻(P<0.01);两组病人治疗后抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状的变化程度有统计学差异(P<0.01)。[结论]身心综合治疗有助于晚期肿瘤患者减轻和消除负性情绪,从而改善其生活质量。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗肿瘤原理及应用原则

介绍高强度超声聚焦刀(HIFU)治疗肿瘤的原理、实验依据、治疗的特点、适应证和禁忌症、治疗原则等，认为HIFU与其他疗法结合将会在治疗肿瘤上有更大的突破．