Minority mating advantage of certain eye color mutants ofDrosophila melanogaster. III. Female discrimination and genetic background

A repetition of certain experiments done 2 years previously with two eye color mutants,brown andscarlet, inDrosophila melanogaster was undertaken to reconfirm results; however, initial tests revealed that strains or conditions had changed so that females were less discriminating. Testing was undertaken with changes in genetic background and certain laboratory conditions, with single females courted by equal numbers of two eye color types of males (3 red,R: 3 orange,O). These eye colors were produced as (1) mutants off the shelf, (2) recombinants from an outcross to a wild-type strain (CS), (3) mutants as in Experiment 1 but with male types stored either together or separately, and (4) recombinants from a double outcross of flies from Experiment 2 to hybrids from two additional wild strains,LS andOR. Experiment 4 producedR andO males that courted nearly equally (as in previous experiments), in contrast with about 70% courtship byR males in the other experiments. Females discriminated in favor of those second to court in G₀, G₁, and a repeat of G₀; however, with two generations of inbreeding, discrimination by this criterion lessened to become nonsignificant. In Experiments 1 and 2,O females favored second-courting males, butR females in hose experiments and all females in Experiment 3 mated more randomly. Effects of storing males either together or separately were not significant. About 20–30% of the females (low threshold) were highly receptive immediately after first courtship. Those trials plus any in which only a single type of male courted were omitted from estimations of female discrimination; a possible bias incurred by such omission against females that might have initial preferences was found to be nonsignificant. Discriminating ability was discussed as a fitness property inDrosophila populations.This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant DEB 79-03259.     

Action potentials of the rat diaphragm and their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin during postnatal development and old age

Summary Using the microelectrode technique, parameters of action potentials obtained from the diaphragm muscle fibres were studied at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days of age and on 28–30 month old rats. The maximum rate of rise was always greater at the end-plate zone than at the extrajunctional parts of muscle fibre at all ages examined. A maximum difference of 40% was found in animals aged 7–30 days. Sensitivity to tetrodotoxin (TTX) was maximal 3 days after birth at the extrajunctiona zone (5×10^–8 M) and minimal at the end-plate zone (5×10^–6 M). This difference declined during the postnatal life until it had disappeared in old rats. The greater resistance of the end-plate zone action potentials to TTX and their greater maximum rate of rise is not apparently connected with the presence of acetylcholine sensitivity.     

原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤16例分析

目的：探讨原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤的临床病理特点及合理的治疗方法。方法：对16例原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：发生于外阴9例,阴道5例,子宫颈2例。全部病例均行手术加化疗综合治疗,行区域淋巴结清扫11例,4例有转移,转移率36.3％。存活＜2年8例,≥2年8例,其中≥5年仅2例。结论：原发性女性生殖器恶性黑色素瘤预后差,行根治手术辅化疗和免疫治疗,可望提高生存期。     

女性输卵管结扎术后腰痛病机及医疗体育疗法

对女性输卵管结扎术后腰痛进行调查和病理分析 ,以中药配合医疗体育康复治疗术后腰痛 ,取得较好疗效 ,并提出预防措施。     

青年与老年急性心肌梗塞临床差异性探讨

目的 :探讨青年与老年急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)的临床特点。方法 :对 1 5例青年组 (年龄≤ 40岁 )与 1 4 3例老年组 (年龄≥ 6 5岁 ) AMI的临床资料进行了对比分析。结果 :青年组 AMI吸烟者占 73.3% ,明显高于老年组 (P<0 .0 1 )。老年组 AMI发病率 38.9% ,无心绞痛者占 37.8% ,合并心力衰竭、心源性休克及病死率分别为 2 9.4%、2 2 .4%及 2 7.3% ,均明显高于青年组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :青年组 AMI吸烟者明显高于老年组 ,老年组 AMI发病率、无心绞痛者、合并心力衰竭、心源性休克及死亡率均明显高于青年组     

硬膜外麻醉对老年人气管插管时心血管反应抑制作用的临床观察

观察胸部硬膜外麻醉对老年人全麻气管内插管时心血管反应的抑制作用。方法：利用胸部硬膜外麻醉对４０例老年择期全麻手术病人进行分组对比研究,观察全麻气管内插管时血流动力学,心肌耗氧及应激性激素的变化。结果：实验组气管内插管时血流动力学和心肌耗氧指标及ＲＮ、ＡⅡ显著低于对照组并在围插管斯保持平稳。纣胸部硬膜外麻醉可抑制老年手术患者全麻气管内插管时血浆儿茶酚胺分泌,保持插管期间血流动力学的稳定。     

Instructional control of female sexual responding

To examine whether women can suppress genital arousal under instructional control, 25 women were presented with three erotic films and instructions to become as aroused as possible (Arouse) or to suppress arousal (Suppress). Genital responding was assessed using the heated oxygen electrode which yields two measures of vaginal responding: oxygen perfusion and thermistor assessment of vasocongestion. 36 to 40% of the sample was able to demonstrate a substantial reduction in sexual responding under Suppress instructions (depending upon the measure used), based on externally derived criteria to determine suppression. Differences were noted in the patterns of responding between suppressors and nonsuppressors, on both the pO₂ and heat measures. Examination of thought-listing data indicated that subjects were able to identify cognitive strategies they used to suppress responding. In particular, successful suppressors were more likely to report the use of 2+ cognitive strategies, whereas the nonsuppressors reported reliance on a single strategy. Results are discussed in light of current theories of emotional factors in sexual responding, with emphasis on clinical implications. Directions for future research in female sexuality are highlighted.This study was conducted by Laurie Baldwin in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters of Arts degree at the University of Houston.     

Ovarian tissue grafting: Lessons learnt from our experience with 55 grafts

Purpose

Uncertainties remain regarding the clinical efficacy of ovarian tissue cryopreservation and grafting. We report a retrospective analysis of reproductive outcomes and lessons learnt following 55 ovarian tissue transplant procedures at our center from 2006 to 2019.

Methods

We analyzed variables related to graft success such as tissue volume, follicular density, total follicular volume, and age on the duration of graft function.

Results

Follicular density and total follicular volume correlate positively with duration of graft function. All clinical pregnancies in our cohort occurred in women who were aged 35 or less at the time of ovarian tissue cryopreservation.

Conclusion

Graft success, as determined by eventual pregnancy and the longevity of graft function, may be impacted by factors including age at cryopreservation, follicular density, and total follicular volume.

     

258例不孕症患者腹腔镜诊断分析

对２５８例不孕症患者利用腹腔镜检查诊断不孕原因,明确病因后进行针对性治疗,并追踪随访术后妊娠率,妊娠结局。结果２５８例中９５例为输卵管炎,术后妊娠４２例,妊娠率４４２１％,８４例子宫内膜异位症,术后妊娠６２例,妊娠率７３８１％,６１例多囊卵巢综合征,术后妊娠２７例,妊娠率４４３６％。结果表明：腹腔镜检查能迅速,正确地诊断不孕原因,术后针对病因治疗,提高了不孕症患者的妊娠率。     

去势对不同月龄雌性大鼠骨丢失的影响

为了探讨去势对不同月龄雌性大鼠体质量、骨密度、组织病理学的影响,以便选用恰当月龄的大鼠复制绝经后骨质疏松的动物模型。本研究选用3、6、12月龄的SD雌性大鼠共48只,每月龄组16只,均分成A、B两组,A组为对照组,B组为去势组。分别于术后6、12周测量体质量、腰椎和股骨的骨密度及组织病理学观察。结果发现3月龄的去势级大鼠的体质量增加尤为明显,3、6月龄大鼠的去势组较对照组在去势后6、12周骨密度均有显著性差异（P＜0．001）,组织病理学观察去势组骨小梁稀疏,皮质骨变薄,骨髓腔扩大;而12月龄的大鼠骨密度改变不显著。结论：绝经后骨质疏松模型复制大鼠的年龄是6月龄为佳,3～6月龄亦可选用,12月龄以后不适宜选择。