Obstructive sleep apnea remission following bariatric surgery: a national registry cohort study

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is an effective available treatment for OSA; however, limited research predicts which patients undergoing bariatric surgery will undergo OSA resolution.ObjectivesTo determine perioperative predictors for OSA resolution following bariatric surgery using a national database.SettingUnited Kingdom national bariatric surgery database.MethodsThe UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR) was interrogated to identify all patients with OSA that underwent primary bariatric surgery between January 2009 and June 2017. Those with at least 1 follow-up recording postoperative OSA status were selected for further analysis. Demographic, pre- and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed. Poisson multivariate regression was conducted to identify predictors of OSA remission.ResultsA total of 4015 bariatric cases were eligible for inclusion: 2482 (61.8%) patients underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), 1196 (29.8%) sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), and 337 (8.4%) adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Overall, the mean excess weight loss (EWL) % for the whole group was 61.2 (SD ± 27.2). OSA resolution was recorded in 2377 (59.2%) patients. Following Poisson regression, LRYGB (risk ratio [RR], 1.49 confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.78) and LSG (RR, 1.46 [CI 1.22–1.75] were associated with approximately 50% increased likelihood of OSA remission compared with LAGB. Greater weight loss following intervention was associated with greater likelihood of OSA remission, while both greater age and greater preoperative body mass index (BMI) were associated with reduced likelihood of OSA remission (P < .001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that metabolic surgery results in OSA remission in the majority of patients with obesity. Younger age, lower BMI preprocedure, greater %EWL and the use of LSG or LRYGB positively predicted OSA remission.     

Increased sodium requirement following early postnatal surgical correction of congenital uropathies in infants

Serum electrolyte equilibrium and plasma aldosterone concentrations were monitored in 19 infants who had severe obstructive uropathy or grade 5 vesico-ureteral reflux and were undergoing surgical correction in the first 2 months of life. Before surgery high plasma aldosterone levels were observed in 8 patients, but serum sodium and potassium concentrations were normal. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone were elevated in all patients during the week following surgery and 7 patients developed severe hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and weight loss despite very high plasma aldosterone concentrations. As a consequence 5 infants were infused with sodium chloride (4 mEq/kg per day) before and for 36h after surgery; this prevented metabolic imbalance. We conclude that infants undergoing surgical correction of uropathies may require a high sodium intake to maintain electrolyte balance and adequate growth.     

苏州市新生儿黄疸初步调查

本文总结分析了 1995年 8月～ 1996年 7月在我院出生的 15 3例正常新生儿血清总胆红素水平。根据本组结果和全国黄疸调查协作组对血清胆红素 >12 .9mg/dl的新生儿作脑干听力诱发电位无异常发现 ,提示正常新生儿高胆红素血症的诊断标准应作适当调整 ,而高胆红素干预标准亦应相应提高     

早期口服祛黄汤防治新生儿黄疸的临床研究

目的 为降低新生儿黄疸减少高胆红素血症发生,我们采用早期口服祛黄汤的方法,观察其对新生儿黄疸的影响,将出生后新生儿随机分为实验组１００例,常规处理后于６小时内口服祛黄汤,连服３日。对照组１００例,不服用任何药物。结果 新生儿生后６小时内第一次排便例数实验组明显高于对照组;新生儿第一次大便变黄时间,实验组较对照组明显缩短;４日龄新生儿黄染的例数、程度实验组明显低于对照组;血胆红素浓度实验组明显低于对     

New anastomosis technique for (laparoscopic) instrumental small-diameter anastomosis

This study presents a new technique for visceral anastomosis. The principle consists of connecting the two parts to be anastomosed around a reabsorbable stent which is transluminally introduced into a small-diameter viscus, where it is fixed. Advancing a larger tube along the axis of the machine, the larger, perforated viscus is inverted and pulled over the stent, and finally a rubber band pops off the machine endoluminally in order to fix the intestinal walls in seroserosal contact onto the stent. To evaluate this micro anastomosis, a biliary bypass (choledochojejunostomy and roux-en-y-loop) was performed in ten pigs. Nine of ten animals showed biliary bypass with good runoff in contrast radiography and completely reabsorbed stent after a 3-month follow-up. Weight gain, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase were normal. This technology demonstrates a safe and quick way to perform instrumental micro anastomosis without remnant foreign material.Presented as a poster at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Nashville, TN, USA, 18–19 April 1994     

影像检查在恶性黄疸诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：分析胃肠造影、Ｂ超、ＣＴ和内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）在恶性黄疸诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用。方法：对８３例恶性黄疸包括胰腺癌、肝外胆管癌和壶腹癌分别进行胃肠造影、Ｂ超、ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ检查,分析四种影像学检查的诊断阳性率和正确率,不同恶性肿瘤的特异性检查方法。结果：Ｂ超为安全、简便的检查方法,可作为诊断的首选检查,诊断阳性率为９７６７％,诊断正确率为６０６９％,特别对壶腹癌诊断正确率达８１８２％,接近于ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ。ＥＲＣＰ对恶性黄疸检查阳性率为９８４８％,总的诊断正确率为８８７２％,且假阳性和假阴性均较低,特别对胆总管下段病变如壶腹癌、胰头癌等的定性明显优于ＣＴ和Ｂ超。ＣＴ的诊断阳性率为９２５９％,正确率为８６１６％,同时能显示出肿瘤及其周围组织情况。胃肠造影有较高的假阳性和假阴性率,对恶性黄疸检查敏感性较低。结论：Ｂ超和ＣＴ均为无创伤性检查,可作为恶性黄疸常规检查方法,并可了解肿瘤及其周围组织情况。ＥＲＣＰ可作为Ｂ超和ＣＴ的进一步检查方法。胃肠造影不能作为恶性黄疸诊断和鉴别诊断的必需检查。     

大鼠梗阻性黄疸对血液流变性的影响

64只大鼠随机分为阻黄组及假手术组,术前及术后分期测定全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度及血浆粘度,计算红细胞刚性指数和红细胞聚集指数。结果：阻黄术后1天全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度明显上升,红细胞刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数明显增大（与假手术组比,P＜0．05）,并随时间推移而加重。血浆粘度变化不大。认为阻黄时血液流变学特性的改变,使红细胞不易通过毛细血管且易于聚集,引起微循环障碍,导致组织缺血、缺氧,这可能是阻黄时多器官功能不全的原因之一。     

MRI in aqueduct compression and obstructive hydrocephalus due to an ectatic basilar artery

We describe a patient with an ectatic basilar artery in whom MRI showed marked indentation of the floor of the third ventricle and backward displacement of the midbrain, probably causing aqueduct stenosis. It appeared likely that the associated hydrocephalus was due not only to any water-hammer effect, but also to occlusion of the aqueduct.     

Obstructive nephropathy in the pig

Summary Kidney growth was investigated in 30-kg pigs after 72 h of unilateral ureteral obstruction. The data were compared to control kidneys from normal non-operated pigs at same weight. Kidney wet weight was determined. Cortex and medulla were separated, and from both regions RNA, DNA, protein and kidney tissue insulin-like growth factor I was determined. Unilateral obstruction caused a doubling of the wet hydronephrotic kidney weight and an ipsilateral 76% increase in total kidney protein content. RNA increased by 45% in the cortex and 76% in the medulla. Kidney protein in the contralateral cortex increased by 23% and RNA by 42%. In the hydronephrotic kidney DNA was reduced by 13% in the cortex and by 21% in the medulla. Contralaterally, DNA was the same as in the controls. Mean kidney insulin-like growth factor I increased sevenfold in the ipsilateral medulla but in the cortex it was the same as in the controls. Serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration was 1.7 ±1.1 g/l in the hydronephrotic animals and 1.2±0.8 g/l in controls. At this stage of obstruction, our data demonstrate (1) hydronephrotic growth that is most probably hyperplastic in the medulla, associated with an increase in medullary insulin-like growth factor I, (2) hyperplastic growth in the cortex, and (3) contralateral kidney growth that is mainly hypertrophic after 72 h of contralateral ureteral obstruction.     

Is sleep-disordered breathing an independent risk factor for hypertension in the general population (13,057 subjects)?

Objective: Sleep-disordered breathing has been hypothesized to have a close relationship with hypertension but previous studies have reported mixed results. This is an important health issue that requires further clarification because of the potential impact on the prevention and control of hypertension.Methods: The relationship between hypertension and three forms of sleep-disordered breathing (chronic snoring, breathing pauses and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)) was assessed using representative samples of the non-institutionalized population of the UK, Germany and Italy (159 million inhabitants). The samples were comprised of 13,057 individuals aged 15–100 years who were interviewed about their sleeping habits and their sleep symptoms over the telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system.Results: OSAS was found in 1.9% (95% CI: 1.2% to 2.3%) of the UK sample, 1.8% (95% CI: 1.4% to 2.2%) of the German sample and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8% to 1.4%) of the Italian sample. OSAS was an independent risk factor (odds ratio (OR): 9.7) for hypertension after controlling for possible confounding effects of age, gender, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, life stress, and, heart and renal disease.Conclusions: Results from three of the most populated countries in Western Europe indicate that OSAS is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep appeared to be non-significant predictive factors.