冰片加诺氟沙星湿敷治疗Ⅳ期压疮的临床研究

目的 探讨冰片加诺氟沙星治疗Ⅳ期压疮的效果.方法 应用随机方法将132例压疮患者分为观察组(冰片加诺氟沙星)67例和对照组(碘伏加庆大霉素)65例进行对比研究.结果 观察组治愈率98.5%,对照组治愈率47.7%,差异明显;观察组总有效率100.0%,对照组为81.5%,差异明显;观察组比对照组平均治愈时间明显缩短,差异明显.结论 冰片加诺氟沙星治疗Ⅳ期压疮明显优于碘伏加庆大霉素.     

Faecal level of urobilinogen: an indication for the risk of superinfection and of failure of oral anticonception?

The influence of clindamycin, dicloxacillin, minocycline and norfloxacin on the faecal concentration of urobilinogen was investigated. The studied drugs were administered orally in standard dosage for six days to groups of six volunteers. A decrease in faecal concentration of urobilinogen following administration of clindamycin (P<0.01) and dicloxacillin (P<0.05) was found. The possible predictive value of a decrease of the faecal level of urobilinogen as an indicator for the impairment of microbial colonization resistance and for the risk of failure of oral anticonceptive treatment is discussed. It is suggested that clindamycin and dicloxacillin should not be combined with oral anticonceptive treatment unless more specific investigations have excluded interaction of these drugs with the oestrogen metabolism in the bowel.     

氟哌酸滴眼剂的研制

本文通过溶解度、稳定性、抑菌试验等测定,确定了氟哌酸滴眼剂的配方,制备方法及质控标准。     

国产洛美沙星的体内抗菌作用研究

口服国产洛美沙星对金萄球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌及绿脓假单胞菌各２株感染小鼠的ＥＤ５０。值分别为５．５９和６．４２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，０·６７和０．８２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，１．２７和１．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ以及４６．１３和２８．６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ．比对照药诺氟沙星治疗的相应ＥＤ５０值低，其差异均有显著意义。静脉注射洛美沙星对金葡球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌及绿脓假单胞菌各１株感染小鼠的ＥＤ５０值分别为３．２９、１．２５、０．３３、２９．６１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．与对照药依诺沙星相比，其疗效高于或相当于临床效果已肯定的依诺沙星。     

氟哌酸胶囊在不同pH值溶剂中紫外最大吸收波长变化与最佳测定条件选择

以紫外分光光度法，采用水、ｐＨ５．８、ｐＨ６．８、ｐＨ７．２磷酸盐缓冲液为溶剂，对氟哌酸胶囊在不同ｐＨ值基质中的最大吸收波长变化进行观察比较，而后选择ｐＨ７．２磷酸盐缓冲液为溶剂，测定波长为３３０ｎｍ，吸收系数（Ｅ１％１ｃｍ）为３９０的最佳测定条件。     

氟喹诺酮类药物抗菌作用的量效关系研究

诺氟沙星、依诺沙星和培氟沙星对大肠杆菌2280和阴沟杆菌1029的杀菌作用随剂量增加而呈双相变化,其最强杀菌浓度(MBC)均为1～2μg/ml。三种药物在1/4MIC～MBC范围内抑制细菌DNA合成作用迅速增强,以后逐渐趋于坪值;而RNA合成需在较高浓度(≥0.5μg/ml)时才逐渐受到抑制。此DNA与RNA合成之量-效抑制曲线的交点均在1～2μg/ml之间。利福定(100μg/ml)和氯霉素(25μg/ml)几乎能完全拮抗三种药物的杀菌作用。以上结果提示:氟喹诺酮药物的杀菌作用与其抑制细菌DNA合成有关,且须以RNA和蛋白质不断合成为前提条件;其在较高浓度(>MBC)时杀菌作用逐渐减弱,与它能进行性抑制细菌RNA合成,继之蛋白质合成受阻有关。     

氧氟沙星随机对照治疗细菌性感染的临床评价

用国前氧氟沙星与头孢拉定、诺氟沙星进行随机对照临床试验。氧氟沙星头孢拉定对照治疗呼吸道及其它感染各４４例，有效率分别为９１％和８０％，细菌消除率分别８８％和８２％。氧氟沙星与诺氟沙星治疗泌尿系及肠道感染各５７例，有效率分别为９５％和８４％，细菌消除率分别为９６％和８７％。两组试验结果统计学处理均无显著性差异。     

洛美沙星的临床评价

洛美沙星片剂和胶囊治疗细菌性感染４２４例，有效率各为８９．４％和９０．９％，细菌清除率分别为８９．６％和９０．６％。该两种制剂的不良反应低微。洛美沙星分别与氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星随机对照治疗呼吸系感染１１４例和泌尿系感染１３１例，结果表明洛美沙星与氧氟沙星或诺氟沙星的疗效与安全性比较皆无显著性差异。测定洛美沙星等药物对３９０株临床分离菌体外抗菌活性，结果显示洛美沙星对革兰阴性杆菌和淋球菌具高度抗菌活性，对葡萄球菌亦有一定抗菌作用，与诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星相仿。     

Quantitative determination of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin in serum by high pressure liquid chromatography

A simple sensitive HPLC method for the analysis of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in serum is described. The quinolones were extracted using dichloromethane under neutral conditions, followed by drying under nitrogen and dissolving in mobile phase before Chromatographic analysis. The stationary phase consisted of a stainless steel column with Nucleosil C18 (5 m), and a mobile phase of 0.04M phosphoric acid, tetrabutylammoniumiodide as ion-pairing reagent and methanol (pH 2.2). UV absorbance was used for detection. The method was shown to be linear, quantitative and reproducible in the therapeutic range of each of these quinolones. Serum levels of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined and compared to those found by a microbiological assay. Good correlation was found for the assay of ciprofloxacin as well as for ofloxacin.     

氟哌酸胶囊溶出度及生物利用度的研究

作者用紫外分光光度法研究了氟哌酸胶囊剂的溶出度及生物利用度。结果表明各药厂生产的该品溶出度有显著性差异,而且溶出度与生物利用度有显著的相关性,提示氟哌酸胶囊溶出度是影响其显效性的因素之一。本方法简便易行,重现性好,可作为氟哌酸制剂体内外测定的参考。