百乐眠胶囊联合艾司唑仑治疗失眠症的疗效观察

目的探讨百乐眠胶囊联合艾司唑仑治疗失眠症的临床疗效。方法选取2016-2018年到云浮市人民医院接受治疗的210例失眠症患者,根据给药不同将所有患者分为3组,每组患者70例。百乐眠组口服百乐眠胶囊,4粒/次,2次/d;艾司唑仑组晚上入睡前30 min口服艾司唑仑片,1片/次,1次/d;联合组口服百乐眠胶囊联合艾司唑仑片,相关药物服用方法同以上两组。三组患者均连续治疗2周。观察三组的临床疗效,比较三组患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,百乐眠组、艾司唑仑组、联合组总有效率分别是74.28%、82.86%、97.14%,联合组总有效率显著高于百乐眠组、艾司唑仑组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,3组患者PSQI评分均有所降低(P<0.05);但治疗后,联合组患者PSQI各评分均显著低于百乐眠组、艾司唑仑组(P<0.05)。百乐眠组、艾司唑仑组、联合组不良反应发生率分别是8.57%、22.86%、10.00%,艾司唑仑组失眠症患者不良反应发生率明显高于百乐眠组、联合组(P<0.05)。结论百乐眠胶囊联合艾司唑仑治疗失眠症具有较好的临床疗效,可显著降低PSQI评分,改善患者睡眠质量,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床分析

目的探讨蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取我院自2013年2月~2014年2月接收的80例小儿急性腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组行单纯蒙脱石散治疗,观察组则行蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果 两组患儿治疗总有效率、退热时间、呕吐消失时间、腹痛消失时间、大便正常时间等比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 给予急性腹泻患儿蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗可有效的提高治疗效果,改善患儿临床症状。     

服用硝苯地平后牙龈增生以及未增生患者牙龈成纤维细胞生物特性比较

目的：观察服用硝苯地平后牙龈增生和未增生患者牙龈成纤维细胞（nifedipine responders gingival fibro-blasts NIFr-HGF,nifedipine non-responders gingival fibroblasts NIFn-HGF）超微结构、细胞周期变化以及增殖能力的差异性,以探讨该药导致牙龈增生的可能作用机理。方法：采用透射电镜观察NIFr-HGF、NIFn-HGF的超微结构,利用流式细胞仪、MTT法检测和比较2种细胞经硝苯地平诱导后其细胞周期以及增殖能力的差异性。结果：与NIFn-HGF相比较,NIFr-HGF内粗面内质网扩张;受硝苯地平诱导后其增殖明显加强。结论：NIFr-HGF合成蛋白质的能力可能较NIFn-HGF强,且前者对于硝苯地平的反应也明显强于后者,这提示两类细胞的细胞生物学特性以及对钙离子拮抗剂的反应能力存在差异,药物性牙龈增生的发生可能存在细胞异质性。     

Angiotensin - Forming Enzyme Active at the Physiological PH in the Brain of Normal and Nephrectomized Rats

Enzymatic activity generating angiotensin at pH 5.5 and 7.2 has been detected in different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) of the rat. Control animals and those subjected to bilateral nephrectomy 48 h before the experiment (Nx) were analyzed. The different areas of the CNS were studied by the incubation of tissue homogenates in the presence (enzyme concentration) or not (enzyme activity) of an excess of added angiotensinogen. Concentration was determined by incubation at pH 7.2 and 5.5 while activity was evaluated only at pH 7.2. The enzymatic renin-like concentration at both pHs did not change after Nx thus showing they do not depend on plasma and vascular renin. On the other hand the activity of the enzyme showed a significant increase in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after Nx suggesting an increased concentrations of renin substrate and/or different concentrations of inhibitors or activators of the enzymatic system in those areas.     

A Combination of Nifedipine and OctreotideTreatment in an HyperinsulinemicHypoglycemic Infant

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is the commonest cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and infancy periods. Mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes, which encode subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the pancreatic beta cell, are identified in approximately 50% of these patients. The first-line drug in the treatment of HH is diazoxide. Octreotide and glucagon can be used in patients who show no response to diazoxide. Nifedipine, a calcium-channel blocker, has been shown to be an effective treatment in a small number of patients with diazoxide-unresponsive HH. We report a HH patient with a homozygous ABCC8 mutation (p.W1339X) who underwent a near-total pancreatectomy at 2 months of age due to a lack of response to diazoxide and octreotide treatment. Severe hypoglycemic attacks continued following surgery, while the patient was being treated with octreotide. These attacks resolved when nifedipine was introduced. Whilst our patient responded well to nifedipine, the dosage could not be increased to 0.75 mg/kg/day due to development of hypotension, a reported side effect of this drug. Currently, our patient, now aged 4 years, is receiving a combination of nifedipine and octreotide treatment. He is under good control and shows no side effects. In conclusion, nifedipine treatment can be started in patients with HH who show a poor response to diazoxide and octreotide treatment.     

Nifedipine in Hypertensive Crises of Infants and Children

Nifedipine given by the sublingual route has been used in the treatment of 30 hypertensive emergencies in 20 children suffering from renal disease. The mean dosage of nifedipine was 0.33 mg/kg body weight. In 20 hypertensive crises occurring in 16 patients a single dose of nifedipine was sufficient to lower systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure significantly within 90 min. for a period of 4 to 12 hours. No side effects were noted with the exception of a transient flush in one patient. Nifedipine proved to be suitable for the primary treatment of hypertensive emergencies in children suffering from renal hypertension. The advantages of nifedipine compared to other drugs used for treating hypertensive crises is the rapid onset of the antihypertensive action without need for an intravenous form of administration.     

Sustained release bioadhesive effervescent ketoconazole microcapsules tabletted for vaginal delivery

Microcapsules of ketoconazole with 1:1 and 1:2 core-wall ratios were prepared by means of the phase separation technique using sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a coating material. The microcapsules were mixed with effervescent granules and were tabletted. Dissolution studies of microcapsules, tabletted microcapsules and commercial ovules were carried out with a new basket method (horizontal rotating basket). A good sustained action was obtained with tablets. Micromeritic investigations were carried out on microcapsules in order to standardize the microcapsule product and to optimize the pilot production of the dosage forms prepared with these microcapsules. Bulk volume and weight, tapping volume and weight, fluidity, angle of repose, weight deviation, relative deviation, particle size distribution, density and porosity values of the microcapsules were determined. In addition, to evaluate whether some kind of glidant will be needed during tabletting of microcapsules, the Hausner ratio and consolidation index were also calculated and it may be concluded that microcapsules do not need any glidant.     

Antireproductive effect of calcium channel blockers on male rats

Introduction  Drugs have been shown to adversely affect male fertility and recently anti-hypertensive drugs were added to the list. The anti-fertility effects of nifedipine and similar calcium channel blockers are well-illustrated in in vitro experiments but not in vivo. Purpose  The present study was designed to experimentally elucidate the sub-chronic effect of nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem on sperm functions and reproductive hormone levels in vivo. Methods  Male rats (150–200 g) were divided into four groups of ten rats each. Group 1 (control) received distilled water; Group 2 received nifedipine 0.57 mg/kg BW; Group 3 were given verapamil 3.40 mg/kg BW and Group 4 were given diltiazem 2.57 mg/kg BW. Each drug-treated group had its own recovery group from which treatment was discontinued for 30 days before the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for hormonal assay of FSH, LH and testosterone. Semen evaluation was done and the testes, seminal vesicle, epididymis and prostate were removed, and weighed immediately. Results  Nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem significantly decreased (P < 0.05) sperm count and motility in drug treated groups. The weight of the epididymis was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the drug treated rats. Semen parameters and other associated changes were restored after 30 days of drug withdrawal. Conclusion  Calcium channel blockers appear to have a reversible anti-fertility effect on male rats which does not occur through inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis.     

帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症患者的疗效与安全性

目的：该研究主要对比帕利哌酮缓释片和利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法该项研究对于年龄≥65岁,PANSS≥70分的精神分裂症患者随机分配进入帕利哌酮缓释片组和利培酮口服液组,并分别用两种药物进行治疗,人际和社会功能量表（PSP）来评价在急性期治疗患者的疗效。结果显示其平行轮廓检验F=0.523,P=0.451,说明两组患者PANSS总评分的总体轮廓平行。结论采用帕利哌酮缓释片与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的疗效相当,无明显不良反应。     

反相高效液相色潽法测定罗己降压片中维生素B6含量

目的：建立RP-HPLC法测定罗己降压片中维生素B6含量。方法：使用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以0.04%戊烷磺酸钠溶液（用冰醋酸调节pH至3.0）-甲醇(85：15)为流动相,检测波长为291nm进行测定。流速1.0mL·min-1,柱温35℃。结果：平均加样回收率维生素B6为99.04%,RSD=0.17%(n=9)。维生素B6在0.4000～1.600μg范围内,进样量与峰面积值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999)。结论：方法简便、结果准确、重现性好,可为罗己降压片的质量控制提供依据。