The role of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic foot ulceration

In an attempt to define the role of autonomic neuropathy in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers, we have studied diabetic patients with and without ulcers, and a group of non-diabetic controls. A series of standard autonomic function tests have been compared with measurement of the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR).Patients with foot ulcers showed evidence of more severe somatic and autonomic neuropathy than diabetic subjects with no ulcer. The GSR was found to correlate well with the more conventional tests. In addition it proved to be abnormal more often than any other test for autonomic neuropathy in the diabetic patients with foot ulcers. In a preliminary follow-up study 2 patients with an abnormal GSR but no ulcer at the time of testing have subsequently acquired plantar ulcers.It is suggested that the GSR may prove to be a useful means of detecting diabetic patients at risk from foot ulceration.     

The Exact Ictal and Interictal Duration of Electroencephalographic Neonatal Seizures

The temporal behavior of neonatal seizures caused by diverse acute encephalopathies in 42 patients with 487 seizures was studied. All 487 seizures were confirmed by typical ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. Neonatal seizures are relatively brief events, which usually last about 2 min. They are recurrent and are separated by interictal recovery periods of variable duration, on the average, about 8 min. Solitary prolonged seizures are rare and do not represent the usual behavior of neonatal seizures.     

应用20项新生儿行为神经测定对高危儿早期干预的研究

目的：了解高危儿神经系统的损伤情况，早期干预，防止伤残。方法：设自然分娩的正常足月新生儿30例，轻度窒息儿30例，足月择期剖宫产儿30例，早产儿20例，按中国20项新生儿行为神经测定（NBNA）评分法，在生后4－7d,12-14d,26-28d进行3次测定。结果：轻度窒息儿与正常新生儿比较差异非常显著（P＜0．01），轻度窒息组第3次测定与生后第1次测定差异也有显著性。早产儿与正常新生儿比较，3次测定差异均非常显著（P＜0．01）。剖宫产儿组生后4－7d与正常新生儿比较差异非常显著（P＜0．01），但第2次和第3次测定与正常新生儿比较无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：新生儿窒息、早产儿是影响新生儿脑功能、运动能力的一个重要因素，早产儿的脑功能和运动能力可随着日龄的增长而逐渐恢复，早期干预有利于促进高危儿的脑功能恢复，愈早愈好，降低高危儿的伤残率。     

Effects of cyclic AMP on S-100 protein level in C-6 glioma cells

Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) markedly elevated S-100 protein level in C-6 glioma cells in vitro. Quantitative analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the elevation was caused by a combination of increased synthesis and reduced degradation of S-100 protein in C-6 cells exposed to dbcAMP. These results suggest that dbcAMP affects both the synthesis and the degradation of S-100 protein in C-6 cells.     

CT定位颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效

目的探讨CT定位颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法将122例高龄高血压脑出血患者按照治疗方式分为对照组(n=59)与观察组(n=63),对照组采用内科保守治疗,观察组采用CT定位颅内血肿微创清除术治疗;比较两组临床疗效、ADL评分情况、治疗前后血肿量、治疗前后GCS评分及CSS评分。结果 (1)经治后观察组临床总有效率为88.89%,显著高于对照组(74.38%)(P0.05);(2)观察组治疗后ADL评分为I级患者的比例显著高于对照组(P0.05);(3)两组治疗后血肿量均显著小于治疗前,且观察组治疗后血肿量显著小于对照组治疗后(P0.05);(4)两组治疗后GCS及CSS评分均显著高于治疗前,且观察组治疗后上述评分均显著对照组治疗后(P0.05)。结论 CT定位颅内血肿微创清除术治疗高龄高血压脑出血的临床疗效显著,应加以推广及应用。     

Comparison of different speech tasks among adults who stutter and adults who do not stutter

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, we compared the performance of both fluent speakers and people who stutter in three different speaking situations: monologue speech, oral reading and choral reading. This study follows the assumption that the neuromotor control of speech can be influenced by external auditory stimuli in both speakers who stutter and speakers who do not stutter.

METHOD:

Seventeen adults who stutter and seventeen adults who do not stutter were assessed in three speaking tasks: monologue, oral reading (solo reading aloud) and choral reading (reading in unison with the evaluator). Speech fluency and rate were measured for each task.

RESULTS:

The participants who stuttered had a lower frequency of stuttering during choral reading than during monologue and oral reading.

CONCLUSIONS:

According to the dual premotor system model, choral speech enhanced fluency by providing external cues for the timing of each syllable compensating for deficient internal cues.     

Editorial Perspective: How to optimise frequency band neurofeedback for ADHD

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent paediatric neuropsychiatric disorders and is characterised by hyperactivity, inattention and increased impulsivity. Children with ADHD are often also characterised by deficits in a variety of cognitive domains, including problems in working memory, a generally slower and more variable style of information processing and deficits in temporal processing, inhibitory functions and delay processing. Overarching executive functions like information updating, response inhibition and mental set shifting are also impaired in many, but not all, children with ADHD, demonstrating the neuropsychological heterogeneity characterising this disorder. Deficits in executive functions can persist into adulthood and have a substantial negative impact on everyday life. A variety of approaches are commonly considered for the treatment of ADHD (including pharmacological interventions, patient‐centred cognitive‐behavioural therapy approaches and specific teacher/parent training programmes). More recently, adding to this multimodal treatment approach, neurofeedback has grown in popularity as an intervention option for patients with ADHD. This article considers this intervention approach and the opportunities for optimising treatment for executive control dysfunctions in ADHD using theta/beta neurofeedback.     

丁苯酞序贯治疗对于大面积脑梗死急性期后的临床疗效

目的探讨大面积脑梗死急性期后患者采取丁苯酞序贯的临床疗效。方法收集2018年1月至2019年12月我院神经内科收治的大面积脑梗死急性期后患者64例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各32例,对照组采取常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合丁苯酞注射液序贯治疗,比较两组NIHSS评分、临床疗效、CVR、MFV水平。结果治疗前、治疗后6 h,两组NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后24 h、7 d观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为90.63%,高于对照组的78.13%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组CVR、MFV水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,观察组CVR、MFV水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞序贯治疗大面积脑梗死急性期后患者,可降低致残率,改善神经功能,提高临床疗效,值得临床应用。