Effect of clofibrate on reducing neonatal jaundice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In neonates, bilirubin tends to be deposited in body tissues, especially the skin and mucous membranes. Jaundice is an early symptom of bilirubin excretion disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clofibrate on reducing neonatal jaundice. In this systematic review, international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched without time and language restrictions. The reference lists of all studies ultimately included were manually searched. In the 17 articles reviewed, with a sample size of 665 people published between 2005 and 2019, the average weight of the neonates varied from 2,186 g to 4,000 g. Furthermore, the average age of neonates varied from 2 days to 9 days. Four doses of clofibrate (25, 30, 50, 100 mg/kg of neonatal body weight) were used. The bilirubin level of neonates significantly decreased in the intervention group 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after the start of treatment. Clofibrate administration decreased total serum bilirubin, especially from the second day onwards, and also reduced hospitalization time, hospital costs, and side effects from hospitalization.     

智慧病房设计与应用

介绍智慧病房设计,包括整体架构、具体实现路径、实施方法、功能模块及应用效果,指出智慧病房结合人工智能技术有助于提升医院病房综合服务水平及患者就医体验。     

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床疗效

目的探讨运用单唾液酸四已糖神经节苷脂钠治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的临床疗效。方法将64例缺氧缺血性脑病患几随机分戍治疗组32例和对照组32例,对照组在常规治疗基础上用脑蛋白水解物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上用单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠治疗。观察两组的疗效、头颅CT变化、患儿神经行为的影响。结果治疗组临床症状体征的恢复、CT恢复正常率及新生儿行为神经评分均优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论神经节苷脂治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病可明显改善症状,促进神经损伤的恢复,提高患儿生存质量,降低病死率和伤残率。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病模型鼠脑皮质、海马细胞凋亡的研究

目的 证实和比较新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）发病过程中皮质、海马神经元凋亡的现象和差异。方法 通过HIE动物模型,应用原位末端标记技术（TUNEL）、电镜对皮质、海马细胞凋亡出现时间和强度进行了对应比较。结果 电镜下显示核膜皱缩、染色质边集;原位末端标记显现阳性着色细胞。经计量分析发现皮质和海马出现凋亡高峰时间不一致,皮质18h点、海马40h点凋亡最明显。结论 证实了HIE中神经细胞凋亡的存在;皮质、海马对缺氧缺血的反应有时间和程度的差异。提示HIE有迟发性神经元死亡的作用机理存在。     

艾灸配合间歇导尿术对神经源性膀胱功能障碍的影响

目的探讨艾灸配合间歇导尿术对脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱功能障碍的影响。方法选择脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱患者60例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各30例,对照组采取间歇导尿治疗,治疗组采取艾灸配合间歇导尿治疗。结果两组均能减少残余尿量,改善膀胱容量,改善膀胱功能平衡状态。治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论艾灸配合间歇导尿对治疗脊髓损伤神经源性膀胱功能障碍有较好疗效。     

Characteristics of normal newborn transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Ear asymmetries and sex effects

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded from more than 30000 newborns over a six year period. Analysis was performed on all the TEOAEs that passed the bedside universal hearing screen (n=60431), in order to characterize the normal properties of neonatal TEOAEs and to study ear and sex effects. Short recording times (median=33 s) were observed in combination with high entire TEOAE level (median=18.8 dB SPL for an 81.8 dB SPL peak stimulus), and high reproducibility (median=86%). Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the TEOAE was highly frequency-dependent, being poorer at low frequencies. Prolonged averaging increased median reproducibility to 97%, but the minor S/N-improvement at low frequencies did not justify the longer test time. Highly significant mean lateral asymmetries (right >left) and sex differences (female >male) existed in entire TEOAE level, S/N TEOAE, and in half-octave frequency bands (700–4000 Hz). Mean lateral and sex entire TEOAE level differences were 1.1 dB and 1.3 dB, respectively. Stimulus levels were not affected by ear or sex. Hence, physiological differences at the level of organ of Corti were demonstrated in newborns.     

糖皮质激素促肺成熟作用的研究进展

大量研究证实围生期使用糖皮质激素可促进肺成熟,显著降低新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的发病率和病死率.其作用机制主要是促进肺泡发育和肺表面活性物质系统的成熟.同时,围生期使用糖皮质激素对胎儿和新生儿造成的不良影响正受到越来越多的关注.产前重复使用糖皮质激素和生后早期静脉使用糖皮质激素的安全性仍不确定.糖皮质激素的给药途径、不同剂量糖皮质激素的作用效果和机制仍需深入研究.该文对近年来产前使用糖皮质激素和新生儿早期使用糖皮质激素促肺成熟作用的临床研究和动物实验研究进行综述.     

新生儿泪囊炎治疗的护理观察

目的:观察庆大霉素针行泪道探通冲洗疗效.方法:新生儿泪囊炎58例,其中男 40例,女 18例年龄2月至9个月用庆大霉素针4万单位加生理盐水4ml行泪道探通冲洗,次日再冲洗一次,结果:显效率为72%,有效率为26%,总有效率为98%.结论:庆大霉素针治疗新生儿泪囊炎疗效好.     

Kir 6.2激活突变与新生儿糖尿病

新生儿糖尿病是一类少见的内分泌代谢疾病.晚近发现,不少患儿携带Kir 6.2激活突变,突变的Kir 6.2通过影响ATP敏感性钾通道的正常关闭及胰岛素的释放而致病.此类突变患者大多对磺脲类药物较敏感,口服磺脲类药物有望成为主要的治疗手段.