天然大豆磷脂制备热敏脂质体的方法及质量评价

目的：研究用天然磷脂替代合成磷脂制备热敏脂质体的方法及其质量评价。方法：以天然大豆磷脂为主要材料，胆固醇为附加剂，参照均匀设计原理选取影响脂质体热敏性的两个因素：磷脂与胆固醇的比例、制备温度和超声顺序(作为一个因素来考虑)，每个因素选取五个水平进行实验。采用逆相蒸发法制备氟脲脱氧核苷热敏脂质体并对其药物释放量、粒径大小及水中稳定性进行测定。结果：42℃时，药物释放量达到了被包封药物量的88．28％。水中放置4个月基本稳定，渗透率4．5％。结论：天然磷脂能替代合成磷脂制备具有良好相变温度的热敏脂质体。     

天然高分子磁微球作为靶向制剂的研究进展

磁性微球作为靶向药物载体有利于提高药物疗效，降低药物的毒副作用，为化疗药物的临床应用开辟了新途径。文章着重综述和评价了以天然高分子材料为载体的磁性微球的制备和应用，并对相关研究工作中存在的问题提出了看法。     

人造宝石工矽肺肺功能测定分析

目的了解人造宝石工矽肺患者的肺通气功能受损情况及探讨与天然宝石工矽肺患者的肺功能差别。方法对人造宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期57例、天然宝石工矽肺Ⅰ期45例和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定,同时对作业场所进行职业卫生调查。结果两种宝石厂生产环境中粉尘浓度高,超标率严重(人造宝石超标率为72.73%,天然宝石超标率为80.00%),人造宝石加工粉尘中游离S iO2的含量(平均为44.85%)明显低于天然宝石粉尘中(平均为90.07%);肺通气功能测定显示人造宝石工矽肺患者肺活量(VC)、用力呼吸肺活量(FVC)、1秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、25%~75%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF25-75)、50%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF50)、75%肺活量用力呼气流量(FEF75)明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),VC、FVC、FEV1、1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量百分比(FEV1/FVC)、PEF显著高于天然宝石工矽肺(P<0.05或P<0.01),肺通气功能异常率高于对照组(P<0.05)低于天然宝石工矽肺组(P<0.01)。结论人造宝石工矽肺患者肺功能损伤明显,但其损伤程度比天然宝石工矽肺轻。     

Orem自理模式应用于产程管理中的效果探讨

目的:探讨Qrom自理模式在产程管理中的可行性和效果。方法:选择同期拟经阴道分娩产妇200例,其中100例实施常规产时服务模式管理(对照组),100例实施自理模式管理(自理组),比较两组产妇的分娩结局、产时干预情况、产妇满意度和助产士满意度。结果:自理组无指征剖宫产率、椎管内麻醉镇痛率、全程导乐陪伴率、催产素使用率明显低于对照组,产妇满意度和助产士满意度高于对照组。两组上述各项指标比较,差异有显著性或极显著性意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:O rem自理模式应用于产程管理中可促进自然分娩,减少产时干预,提高产妇和助产士满意度。     

HGS-Dreiding分子模型在天然药物化学教学中的应用

介绍了HGS-Dreiding分子模型盒中的组成部件 ,以及使用该分子模型在解决某些天然药物立体化学教学中的使用价值 ,并就使用该分子模型对天然药物化学教材中紫乌定和葡萄糖的结构进行了深入的阐述     

Evaluation of a method to determine the natural occurrence of aflatoxins in commercial traditional herbal medicines from Malaysia and Indonesia

Traditional herbal medicines, popularly known as ‘jamu’ and ‘makjun’ in Malaysia and Indonesia, are consumed regularly to promote health. In consideration of their frequent and prolonged consumption, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in these products was determined using immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization. The evaluated method, which entails dilution of sample extracts with Tween 20–phosphate buffered saline (1:9, v/v) and a chromatographic system using isocratic mobile phase composed of water–methanol–acetonitrile (70:20:10, v/v/v), was effective in separating AFB₁, AFG₁ and AFG₂ from interference at their retention times. Results were confirmed using post-column derivatization with photochemical reactor. For 23 commercial samples analyzed, mean levels (incidence) of AFB₁, AFB₂ and AFG₁ in positive samples were 0.26 (70%), 0.07 (61%) and 0.10 (30%) μg/kg, respectively; one sample was positive for AFG₂ at a level of 0.03 (4%) μg/kg. In contrast to the high levels of AF in crude herbal drugs and medicinal plants reported previously by other researchers, the low contamination levels reported in this study may be attributed to the higher selectivity to AF of the method applied. Based on the AFB₁ levels and the daily consumption of positive samples, a mean probable daily intake of 0.022 ng/kg body weight was calculated.     

一种新来源天然冰片与合成冰片的致突变性比较研究

目的与方法采用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验),比较天然冰片与合成冰片的致突变作用.结果在标准平板掺入法试验中,天然冰片与合成冰片在0.4～250.0μg/皿范围内,无论有或无S9活化系统,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌突变株(TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102)的回变菌落数均无明显影响,且回变菌落背景正常.结论新来源天然冰片与合成冰片在该实验室条件下均不具致突变效应.     

Neutralization of venoms from two Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus helleri) with commercial antivenoms and endothermic animal sera.

The Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri) is found in southwestern California (USA), southward through north Baja California (MX) into the northern part of southern Baja California (MX). In this study, the venoms from two Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes were characterized. The two venoms were different in color, concentration, and enzyme activities. Two commercial antivenoms neutralized both C. helleri venoms differently. Antivipmyn (Fab2H) and CroFab (FabO) neutralized both venoms but had different ED50. Four times more Fab2H antivenom was required to neutralize the C. helleri venom No. 011-084-009 than the venom from the snake No. 010-367-284. The hemorrhagic activity of two C. helleri venoms were neutralized differently by endothermic animal sera having a natural resistance to hemorrhagic activity of snake venoms. Opossums and Mexican ground squirrel sera did not neutralize the hemorrhagic activity of the venom No. 010-367-284. The sera of gray woodrats and hispid cotton rats neutralized all hemorrhagins in both C. helleri venoms. This is the first reported case in which opossum serum has not neutralized hemorrhagic activity of pit viper venom. Differences in the compositions of C. helleri venoms and their ability to be neutralized may help explain why snakebites are a difficult medical problem to treat and why effective polyvalent antivenoms are difficult to produce.     

饮用天然矿泉水人群健康调查

目的 调查了解湖南省天然矿泉水饮用人群的健康状况。方法选择长期饮用天然矿泉水人群为观察组，条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群为对照组，对比两组间健康指标的差异。结果 长期饮用天然矿泉水人群平均期望寿命(e^9)为72．04岁，比不饮用天然矿泉水的对照组人群e^0高出2．99岁，平均死亡年龄要高4．15岁，总患病率要低14．3％，人均医疗费用开支要少28．6％；男女小学生生长发育：男生身高高3．06cm，女生身高高4．26cm；男生体重重2．51kg，女生体重重3．40kg；男生胸围大1．62cm，女生胸围大1．81cm。结论长期饮用天然矿泉水人群的健康状况要优于条件相近不饮用矿泉水人群。     

NSFC资助的中药学领域(H28)分子生药相关项目的研究热点及趋势分析

研究收集了1995—2014年国家自然科学基金委(Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC)资助的中药学领域项目中分子生药相关研究共595项,采用TDA等工具对NSFC资助项目概况、热点研究内容进行分类排序,并进行热点研究内容相关性分析。国家自然科学基金资助生药学研究中,分子生药技术相关项目及经费数量逐渐增加,经费占中药学研究经费的比重趋于稳定;主要支持了用分子生物学的研究方法对道地药材、次生代谢以及种质资源的研究;热点药物包括丹参、地黄、冬虫夏草等,热点内容包括丹参酮的生物合成、地黄的连作障碍等。