Effects of prolonged uniocular dark adaptation on the direct-current electroretinogram of pigmented and albino rabbits

The direct-current electroretinogram of seven pigmented and seven albino rabbits was recorded from both eyes for almost 4 h in response to repeated identical light stimuli. Stimulus duration was 10 s, light intensity was 6.8 × 10² lux, and the interval between the beginning of succeeding light stimuli was 3 min. The dark-adaptation period preceding light stimulation was 30 min for one of the eyes (unoccluded eye) and 150 min for the contralateral eye (occluded eye), which was patched during the first part (117 min) of the experiment. In pigmented animals, the b- and c-wave amplitudes of the unoccluded eye slowly increased during the first part of the experiment but not significantly during the second. The a-wave amplitude was not significantly changed. After removal of the cover, the a- and b-wave amplitudes of the occluded eye immediately attained but did not exceed the level of those in the unoccluded eye, irrespective of the light adaptation induced by the stimulus flashes previously presented to the unoccluded eye. (Control experiments on six pigmented rabbits confirmed that stimuli identical to those used in the main part of the study caused a light adaptation, since a decrease in a- and b-wave amplitudes occurred after the first light stimulus following an initial dark-adaptation period of 2 h for both eyes.) In albino rabbits, electroretinogram responses were clearly discernible in the occluded eye also during the first part of the experiment, probably because of transillumination of the head. In other respects, the results were essentially similar to those of pigmented animals. The observation that occluded eyes did not dark adapt better, as judged by the electroretinogram responses, than contralateral eyes given repeated light adaptive stimuli may indicate the presence of a mechanism for transfer of adaptation information between the eyes.     

A cyclic adenosine monophosphate agonist elevates the b- and c-waves of the rabbit direct-current electroretinogram

The effects of the stable cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogue adenosine 3, 5-cyclic monophosphorothioate Sp-isomer (Sp-cAMPS) on the direct-current electroretinogram and the standing potential of the eye were studied. Corneal recordings were obtained from unilaterally vitrectomized albino rabbit eyes during alternating intravitreal perfusions with Sp-cAMPS and a control solution (Pharmacia eye irrigating solution). The contralateral eye was used as a control. To evaluate further the effects on the c-wave,in vivo intraretinal microelectrode measurements were made during simultaneous intravitreal perfusion of Sp-cAMPS and irrigating solution, respectively. Sp-cAMPS in concentrations of 1, 10 and 100µM was tested by corneal direct-current electroretinography. There was no significant effect on the a-wave amplitude. The b-wave amplitude was reversibly elevated at an Sp-cAMPS concentration of 100µM (p<0.01, n=7). The c-wave amplitude was reversibly elevated at a concentration of 10µM (p<0.001, n=8), and this effect was more pronounced at 100µM (p<0.001, n=7). The SP increased reversibly at a concentration of 100µM (p<0.001, n=7). Microelectrode recordings were performed with Sp-cAMPS at a concentration of 100µM. The recordings showed significant increases in both the transepithelial potential (p<0.01, n=3) and the slow PIII (p<0.01, n=3). The effects of Sp-cAMPS on the b-wave as well as on the two components of the c-wave suggest influences on both the inner retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of the rabbit eye.Abbreviations PHS Pharmacia eye irrigating solution - AMP adenosine monophosphate - Sp-cAMPS adenosine 3, 5 - cyclic monophosphorothioate Sp-isomer     

Immunocytochemical Study of Cells in the Vitreous of Proliferative Virteoretretinopathy

Purpose: To identify the cellular components of vitreous samples obtained during vit-rectomy for proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).Methods: With the use of three intermediate filament (IF) proteins, vimentin, glialfibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cytokeratin (CK), cytocentrifuge slides of 14fresh vitreous aspirates were detected with immunohistochemical technique.Results: All the specimens contained epithelial-like proliferative cells with or withoutpigment and some membrane-like pieces. Immunocytochemical staining showed that76.0-90.0% cells stained for CK, 17.4-29.6% cells expressed GFAP, and 80.1-91.0% cells were positive for vimentin.Conclusions : Majority of cells in the vitreous samples originated from retinal pigmentepithelial cells (RPE) and glial cells in PVR. Expression of IF proteins may be determinedby tissue of origin and local microenvironment. Eye Science 1999 ; 15; 13 - 16.     

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium: A switch in biochemical expression in cultured pigment epithelial cells

Pentose shunt activity in developing chick retina and pigment epithelium was studied by measuring the rate of ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from glucose selectively labelled in the C-1 and C-6 positions. In the retina, shunt activity declines from appreciable levels at stages 29–31 to minimal activity in the 2-week-old hatched chick. Overall retinal metabolism also declines up to stage 45, but dramatically increases again after hatching. Developing chick pigment epithelium has minimal shunt activity at all stages studied. In contrast, cultured chick pigment epithelium has appreciable shunt activity which is constant over a period of several weeks in culture. This appears to be a switch in biochemical differentiation which could form the basis at least in part for subsequent changes in cell types observed in cultured pigment epithelial cells byEguchi and Okada (1973).     

光学相干断层扫描技术诊断RPE脱离

目的:观察黄斑区视网膜色素上皮(RPE)脱离的光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征。方法:并发黄斑区RPE脱离的眼底病病例共48例(52眼),进行黄斑区OCT检测,观察其图像特征,并结合FFA结果进行分析。结果:根据形态特征,RPE脱离可分为两种,浆液性RPE脱离和出血性RPE脱离。前者见于部分中心性浆液性脉络膜病例(16例)、特发性浆液性RPE脱离(7例)、部分视网膜下新生血管病变的病例(10例),后者仅见于部分视网膜下新生血管病变的病例(16例)。结论:OCT能够直观形象地显示RPE脱离的形态特征,准确地测量RPE脱离的范围大小。     

周细胞条件培养液对视网膜色素上皮细胞、胶质细胞及巨噬细胞增殖的影响

目的观察体外培养的视网膜周细胞条件培养液对视网膜色素上皮细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞生长的影响。方法MTT法测定不同稀释度的周细胞条件培养液对色素上皮细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞生长的影响。结果随着周细胞条件培养液稀释度的增加,其对上述细胞的抑制生长作用亦越明显。结论周细胞的缺失将导致色素细胞、巨噬细胞及胶质细胞的增殖,细胞间相互作用对于糖尿病视网膜病变的发生和发展是非常重要的。     

人视网膜色素上皮细胞在电场中定向移行的实验研究

目的:观察外源性电场对培养人视网膜色素上皮humanretinalpigmentepithelial,hRPE)细胞移行方向及细胞内肌动蛋白表达的影响。方法:培养于DMEM+100g/LFBS的hRPE细胞暴露于强度为6V/cm的电场中,未暴露于电场的细胞作为对照。观察并记录2h中每隔15min细胞移行的变化图像,测量细胞移行距离、细胞移行方向及其与场线间夹角。2h后采用间接免疫荧光法检测实验组与对照组细胞内肌动蛋白表达情况。SPSS10.0及Image-ProPlus5.0软件处理结果。结果:未暴露于电场中的hRPE细胞在观察期间呈无序移行,2h后细胞分布未见特殊变化,细胞内肌动蛋白有弱阳性表达。细胞暴露于电场30min后开始出现阴极方向的移行趋势,大部分细胞长轴趋向垂直于场线方向排列。细胞的移行表现为移行速度和移行方向的一致性均随时间延长而增加(P<0.05)。暴露于电场2h后,大部分细胞内肌动蛋白表达阳性,且多集中分布于细胞质内朝向电场阴极一侧。结论:外加电场可诱导hRPE细胞向电场阴极方向定向移行,同时伴有细胞内肌动蛋白阳性表达及定向分布。电场对细胞的作用与暴露时间成正相关。视网膜脱离后的内源性电场的存在可能参与并诱导了RPE细胞的定向移行。     

重组色素上皮细胞衍生因子抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管及兔角膜新生血管

目的:观察制备的重组色素上皮细胞衍生因子(rPEDF)对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管及兔角膜新生血管的抑制作用。方法:制备rPEDF,采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜分析,观察rPEDF抑制新生血管生长情况。利用碱烧伤制作兔角膜新生血管模型,观察rPEDF抑制角膜新生血管生长状况。结果:rPEDF能明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生长。rPEDF治疗组兔角膜新生血管长度及生长面积明显少于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:制备的rPEDF抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生长,抑制兔角膜新生血管的形成。     

二甲基亚砜对培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的　探讨细胞分化诱导剂及端粒酶抑制剂二甲基亚砜 (dimethylsulfoxide ,DMSO)对人视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法　本研究分实验组和对照组 ,对照组弃原培养液 ,加无血清培养液继续培养 ,实验组用不同浓度的DMSO 5、10、2 0、4 0mL·L-1分别作用于人RPE细胞 2 4、4 8、72、96h ,用MTT法检测DMSO对hRPE细胞生长的影响 ,流式细胞仪检测DMSO对hRPE细胞周期的影响。结果　 10mL·L-1DMSO处理的hRPE细胞从作用 4 8h开始 ,OD值 ( 0 .5 37± 0 .0 10 )小于对照组 ( 0 .6 4 7± 0 .0 2 2 ) ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,细胞生长受到抑制 ,且随浓度增加及作用时间延长 ,抑制越显著。流式细胞仪检测 2 0mL·L-1DMSO作用 72h细胞周期发生明显变化 ,G1期细胞由4 1 31%增加至 5 9.6 5 % ,S期由 32 .0 9%减至 2 1.2 1% ,G2 期由 2 6 .6 5 %减至 19 14 % ,细胞生长被阻滞在G1期 ,生长受到抑制。结论　DMSO能阻滞hRPE细胞于G1期 ,抑制hRPE细胞增殖且呈剂量依赖性。     

反义寡核苷酸对人视网膜色素上皮细胞EGFR表达的影响

目的　研究反义寡核苷酸 (ODN)对人视网膜色素上皮 (RPE)细胞表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR)表达的影响。方法　采用人工合成反义ODN经阳性脂质体包裹后转染人RPE细胞。采用半定量RT PCR法与ELISA法检测EGFRmRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果　显示转染反义ODN 2 4h后 ,EGFRmRNA的表达抑制率为 35 .2 % ,EGFR蛋白抑制率为 6 6 .4 5 % .4 8h后 ,反义EGFRODNs对EGFR的表达抑制作用消失。结论　EGFR反义ODN可抑制人视网膜色素上皮细胞的EGFRmRNA及其蛋白的表达。