HIV-1慢性感染者CD8＋T淋巴细胞CD127表达与CD8＋T淋巴细胞凋亡的关系

目的 研究HIV-1慢性感染者CD8＋T淋巴细胞表面CD127（白细胞介素-7受体α链,IL-7Rα）分子的表达及临床意义.方法 收集24例HIV-1慢性感染者和12名健康人群的外周血,分离外周血单核细胞（PBMC）,用直接免疫荧光染色法标记并用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞表面CD127表达和CD8＋T淋巴细胞的自发凋亡,并对CD8＋T淋巴细胞CD127的表达与CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数、HIV RNA载量以及CD8＋T淋巴细胞自发凋亡作相关性分析.组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,Spearman评价组间相关性.结果 与健康对照组比较,HIV-1慢性感染组中CD8＋T淋巴细胞CD127的表达显著下降,差异具有统计学意义（Z=-4.796,P＜0.01）.CD8＋T淋巴细胞CD127的表达与患者CD4＋T淋巴细胞计数呈显著正相关（r=0.817,P＜0.01）,与血浆HIV RNA载量和CD8＋T淋巴细胞的自发凋亡呈显著负相关（r=-0.442和-0.688,P＜0.05和＜0.01）.结论 HIV-1慢性感染组CD8＋T淋巴细胞CD127表达进行性下降可能是导致细胞接受存活信号能力降低和发生凋亡的重要原因,提示IL-7可能是治疗HIV感染的新途径.     

B7-H1及其受体PD-1在膀胱癌患者外周血免疫细胞中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究膀胱癌患者外周血中树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DCs）表面B7-H1和CD8＋T淋巴细胞表面PD-1的表达情况及其临床意义。方法：分离30例膀胱癌患者外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC）,联合培养后采用流式细胞术检测DCs表面B7-HI及CD8＋,T细胞表面PD-1的表达情况。结果：膀胱癌患者外周血DCs表面B7-H1表达水平及CD8＋T细胞表面PD-1表达水平均明显高于正常人,差异具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）,并且二者的表达水平随着病理分级和临床分期的增加均升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：在膀胱癌发生发展过程中存在着DCs表面B7-H1和CD8＋T细胞表面PD-1分子表达的上调,B7-H1／PD-1信号通路可能在T细胞免疫应答的初始阶段亦参与了膀胱癌免疫逃逸的发生。     

依达拉奉合用奥扎格雷钠治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的疗效分析

目的：研究依达拉奉合用奥扎格雷钠治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法试验对象：方便选取该院2014年2月—2016年2月收治的200例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者。患者分组方法：随机数字表法。200例患者分为A组和B组两个组别。A组用奥扎格雷钠治疗;B组给予依达拉奉合用奥扎格雷钠治疗。观察指标：①总有效率;②治疗前和治疗后患者NIHSS评分、Barthel指数的差异。结果①B组相比于A组总有效率更高,A组为72.00%,B组90.00%,χ2检验差异有统计学意义,P﹤0.05。②治疗前两组NIHSS评分、Barthel指数相似,B组分别（23.37±5.72)分和（18.95±2.92)分,A组分别（23.95±5.16)分和（18.75±2.91)分,t检验统计学差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;治疗后B组相比于A组NIHSS评分、Barthel指数改善更显著,B组分别（6.18±4.71)分和（78.22±3.59)分,A组分别（13.43±4.29)分和（57.11±3.94)分,t检验差异有统计学意义,P﹤0.05。结论依达拉奉合用奥扎格雷钠治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的疗效确切,可有效改善患者神经功能和日常生活能力,值得推广。     

奥瑞合剂对反流性食管炎肝胃郁热证患者超微量Na~+-K~+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶的影响

目的:观察奥瑞合剂对反流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis,RE)患者食管组织超微量Na~+-K~+-ATP酶(ultramicro Na~+-K~+-ATPase,u Na KATPase)和超微量Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶(ultramicro Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase,u Ca Mg ATPase)的影响。方法:将60例反流性食管炎肝胃郁热证患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。两组患者均给予基础治疗,口服奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊。治疗组加用药奥瑞合剂治疗,对照组加用奥瑞合剂模拟剂治疗。治疗4周后比较两组患者的临床疗效,食管组织u Na KATPase和u Ca Mg ATPase指标以及胃镜变化。结果:治疗组有效率为96.43%,对照着有效率为74.07%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者u Na KATPase和u Ca Mg ATPase指标均有升高,治疗组优于对照着,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃镜评分比较,治疗组有效率为96.43%,治疗组有效率为88.89%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:奥瑞合剂可以通过提高反流性食管炎肝胃郁热证患者食管组织u Na KATPase和u Ca Mg ATPase水平,从而改善食管下括约肌收缩与蠕动能力,实现对反流性食管炎的治疗。     

The diffusion and electrogenic components of the membrane potential of rabbit ventricle after long exposure to different Ko

In cardiac muscle the steady membrane potential (V_m) behaves as a K-electrode at extracellular K concentrations (K_o) above 10 mm [3, 13]. At lower concentrations the Goldman equation describes V_m reasonably well [13]. Such a curve fitting assumes: (a) concentration-independent permeability coefficients, (b) a constant intracellular potassium concentration (K_i), and (c) a passive distribution of chloride. Considering that K_i varies with K_o in rabbit ventricle [11] we tried to fit the V_m v. K_o relation to the Goldman equation using assumptions (a) and (c) together with the measured variation of K_i. We will present data suggesting that the NaK exchange ratio is not rigidly linked to the activity of the sodium pump.     

Phlorizin: a review

The dihydrochalcone phlorizin is a natural product and dietary constituent found in a number of fruit trees. It has been used as a pharmaceutical and tool for physiology research for over 150 years. Phlorizin's principal pharmacological action is to produce renal glycosuria and block intestinal glucose absorption through inhibition of the sodium-glucose symporters located in the proximal renal tubule and mucosa of the small intestine.This review covers the role phlorizin has played in the history of diabetes mellitus and its use as an agent to understand fundamental concepts in renal physiology as well as summarizes the physiology of cellular glucose transport and the pathophysiology of renal glycosuria. It reviews the biology and pathobiology of glucose transporters and discusses the medical botany of phlorizin and the potential effects of plant flavonoids, such as phlorizin, on human metabolism. Lastly, it describes the clinical pharmacology and toxicology of phlorizin, including investigational uses of phlorizin and phlorizin analogs in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and stress hyperglycemia.     

细胞钙转运系统研究进展*

钙离子是重要的细胞信号分子。胞内和胞外、胞浆和细胞器之间的Ca2+转运都依赖于钙转运系统的精确调控。钙转运系统包括钙泵、钙通道、Na+/Ca2+交换体及膜结构域,如质膜的PMCA、NCX、VGCC、LGCC和TRP通道;内质网膜的SERCA、IP3Rs和RyRs等;线粒体的MCU和NCLX;内溶酶体的TPCs;联结质膜和内质网膜的CRAC通路;联结内质网膜和线粒体膜的MAM结构域等。本文对定位于质膜、内质网和线粒体的钙转运系统的种类、功能、组织分布、相关疾病以及抑制剂作综述。     

Muscle phenotype in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1

Introduction: The pathogenesis of muscle involvement in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is not well understood. In this study, we characterized the muscle phenotype in patients with confirmed DM1. Methods: In 38 patients, muscle strength was tested by hand‐held dynamometry. Myotonia was evaluated by a handgrip test and by analyzing the decrement of the compound muscle action potential. Muscle biopsies were assessed for morphological changes and Na⁺‐K⁺ pump content. Results: Muscle strength correlated with a decline in Na⁺‐K⁺ pump content (r = 0.60, P < 0.001) and with CTG expansion. CTG expansion did not correlate with severity of myotonia, proximal histopathological changes, or Na⁺‐K⁺ pump content. Histopathologically, we found few centrally placed nuclei (range 0.2–6.9%). Conclusions: The main findings of this study are that muscle weakness correlated inversely with CTG expansion and that central nuclei are not a prominent feature of proximal muscles in DM1. Muscle Nerve 47:409‐415, 2013