高效液相色谱/质谱法检测人尿中的糖皮质激素及其它兴奋剂

采用液相色谱/质谱(LC/MS)方法检测糖皮质激素、甾体和β2激动剂。本文采用Zorbax 30 mm×2.1mm,1.8μm短柱,对12种糖皮质激素、3种甾体和2种β2激动剂的液相色谱/质谱的测定方法进行了研究,建立了6分钟内快速检测人尿中多种糖皮质激素、甾体和β2激动剂的测定方法。检测限低于5ng/ml。该方法适用于兴奋剂的筛选及确证。     

兔VX2肝癌MRI征象与病理对照研究

目的探讨新西兰兔VX2肝癌MRI征象的病理学基础。方法移植法建立新西兰兔VX2肝癌模型20只共32个瘤灶。模型建立后2~4周,全部兔肝癌模型行肝脏MRI平扫,10只兔肝癌模型(包括15个瘤灶)加做MRI增强扫描。MRI检查完成后,留取肿瘤最大横截面标本,行VX2肝癌MRI征象与病理学对照研究。结果种植瘤成活率为100%。T2WI 6个瘤灶呈均匀稍高信号,其余26个瘤灶显示特征性瘤内异常信号,其中"结中结征"5个瘤灶、"靶环征"7个瘤灶、"点彩征"14个瘤灶。对照研究证实此种瘤内异常信号病理基础为不同结构类型的坏死肿瘤组织。增强后肿瘤环形强化,轻微强化6个瘤灶,中等程度强化7个瘤灶,明显强化2个瘤灶,光镜下轻微强化者强化肿瘤组织有大量点状坏死区,明显强化者瘤内血窦明显扩张。结论MRT2WI可评价坏死肿瘤组织结构类型,兔VX2肝癌肿瘤强化程度与肿瘤内血窦扩张程度及瘤内点状坏死数量有关。     

金属蛋白酶2、血管内皮生长因子和肿瘤抑制因子在人脑胶质瘤中的表达和临床意义

目的:探讨人脑胶质瘤中的金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肿瘤抑制因子(P16)的表达。方法:应用免疫组化法检测55例胶质瘤组织中的MMP-2、VEGF和P16蛋白的表达,通过原位杂交检测MMP-2 mRNA的表达。结果:胶质瘤的恶性程度与MMP-2、VEGF表达和P16的缺失表达呈正相关,随着胶质瘤的恶性程度的增高而增加。结论:胶质瘤的恶性程度由多种因素决定。胶质瘤中MMP-2含量越高,肿瘤细胞在浸润的过程中突破血脑屏障的能力越强;VEGF的表达增加,肿瘤的血液供应越丰富,恶性程度越高。P16蛋白缺失率高,组织学分化程度低,在一定程度上反映了胶质瘤细胞的恶性生物学行为。     

Using adiabatic inversion pulses for long-T2 suppression in ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging.

Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging is a technique that can visualize tissues with sub-millisecond T(2) values that have little or no signal in conventional MRI techniques. The short-T(2) tissues, which include tendons, menisci, calcifications, and cortical bone, are often obscured by long-T(2) tissues. This paper introduces a new method of long-T(2) component suppression based on adiabatic inversion pulses that significantly improves the contrast of short-T(2) tissues. Narrow bandwidth inversion pulses are used to selectively invert only long-T(2) components. These components are then suppressed by combining images prepared with and without inversion pulses. Fat suppression can be incorporated by combining images with the pulses applied on the fat and water resonances. Scaling factors must be used in the combination to compensate for relaxation during the preparation pulses. The suppression is insensitive to RF inhomogeneities because it uses adiabatic inversion pulses. Simulations and phantom experiments demonstrate the adiabatic pulse contrast and how the scaling factors are chosen. In vivo 2D UTE images in the ankle and lower leg show excellent, robust long-T(2) suppression for visualization of cortical bone and tendons.     

Water- and fat-suppressed proton projection MRI (WASPI) of rat femur bone.

Investigators often study rats by microCT to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of skeletal disorders in humans. However, microCT measurements provide information only on bone mineral content and not the solid matrix. CT scans are often carried out on cancellous bone, which contains a significant volume of marrow cells, stroma, water, and fat, and thus the apparent bone mineral density (BMD) does not reflect the mineral density within the matrix, where the mineral crystals are localized. Water- and fat-suppressed solid-state proton projection imaging (WASPI) was utilized in this study to image the solid matrix content (collagen, tightly bound water, and other immobile molecules) of rat femur specimens, and meet the challenges of small sample size and demanding submillimeter resolution. A method is introduced to recover the central region of k-space, which is always lost in the receiver dead time when free induction decays (FIDs) are acquired. With this approach, points near the k-space origin are sampled under a small number of radial projections at reduced gradient strength. The typical scan time for the current WASPI experiments was 2 hr. Proton solid-matrix images of rat femurs with 0.4-mm resolution and 12-mm field of view (FOV) were obtained. This method provides a noninvasive means of studying bone matrix in small animals.     

Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors: Problems and prospects

This review is devoted to the problem of induction of differently directed NMDA-dependent longterm plasticity in the central nervous system and their transformation into pathological changes. Their hypothetical mechanisms and the corresponding experimental data are discussed. Special attention is paid to the functional characteristics of synaptic and extrasynaptic NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B receptors, their different involvement in the spatiotemporal organization of Ca²⁺ signaling, and peculiarities of biochemical reactions of the cell. The possible structural reorganization of NMDA receptors as one of the kinds of plasticity is also analyzed.     

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎治疗新方法

就当前慢性乙肝治疗的新方法、新进展作一综述。     

氯胺酮对荷包牡丹碱诱导PC12细胞内Ca2+浓度波动方式的影响

目的研究氯胺酮对荷包牡丹碱诱导PCI2细胞内Ca^2＋浓度波动方式的影响。方法使用含25ng／LNGF的DMED培养基在多聚赖氨酸包被的培养皿中培养PCl2细胞；与终浓度10gmol／L的Ca^2＋指示剂Fluo-3 AM ester共孵育30min洗涤后，加入终浓度50gmol／L荷包牡丹碱；在激光共聚焦显微镜选定多个细胞分别测定荧光强度的变化；随后加入氯胺酮，记录细胞荧光强度的改变。在试验结束前依次加入Triton X-100和EGTA分别记录单个细胞最大荧光强度（Fmax）和最小荧光强度（Fmin），以计算细胞内Ca^2＋的相对强度。结果氯胺酮不改变荷包牡丹碱诱导PCl2细胞内Ca^2＋浓度波动的基线，但抑制细胞内Ca^2＋浓度升高的幅度（P〈0．05），缩短相邻波峰间的时间间隙（P〈0．05）。结论氯胺酮不仅改变荷包牡丹碱诱导PCl2细胞内Ca^2＋浓度升高的幅度，而且改变Ca^2＋浓度波动的周期。     

Acute Renal Failure after Lung Transplantation: Incidence, Predictors and Impact on Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality

The incidence, predictors and clinical significance of acute renal failure (ARF) after lung transplantation are not well described. We retrospectively collected data on 296 patients transplanted at our center between April 1992 and December 2000; follow-up was extended until December 2002. Patients were initially divided into two groups: ARF (doubling of baseline creatinine within 2 weeks after surgery) and NoARF. The ARF group was subdivided into ARFD (dialyzed) and ARFnD (not dialyzed). The incidence of ARF was 56% (166/296), but most cases were ARFnD (n = 143). Independent predictors of ARFD (n = 23) were: baseline GFR (OR 0.98, CI 0.96-0.99, p = 0.012), pulmonary diagnosis other than COPD (OR 6.80, CI 1.5-30.89, p = 0.013), mechanical ventilation > 1 d (OR 6.16, CI 1.70-22.24, p = 0.006) and parenteral amphotericin B use (OR 3.04, CI 1.03-8.98, p = 0.045). Both ARFnD and ARFD were associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, increased hospital stay and increased early mortality. One-year patient survival was 92.3%, 81.8% and 21.7% in the NoARF, ARFnD and ARFD groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). After controlling for important covariates, ARFD remained associated with an increased hazard of dying (HR 6.77, CI 4.00-11.44, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, ARF occurs commonly after lung transplantation and affects important clinical outcomes, especially when dialysis is required.     

CO2激光治疗宫颈糜烂2412例疗效观察

目的 探讨CO2激光治疗宫颈糜烂的疗效。方法 采用CO2激光输出功率20-40w，波长10．6μm，针对轻、中、重不同糜烂程度采用不同光束强度，光斑直径约0．3-0．5的连续波治疗宫颈糜烂2412例。结果 术后三个月复查，总有效率100％。结论 CO2激光治疗术简单、安全、疗效满意，适用于治疗I-Ⅲ0宫颈糜烂。