乙肝病毒标志物阳性肺结核患者抗结核治疗肝功能损害的观察

目的 :观察抗结核药物对HBV M阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响。方法 :比较HBV M阳性和阴性肺结核患者抗结核治疗肝功能损害的情况。结果 :HBV M阳性患者肝损率比阴性者明显增高。结论 :抗结核药物致肝损害 ,HBV M阳性者比阴性者多 ,可能与用药前肝脏病理损害严重有关。应选用肝损害小的药物并积极采取综合措施进行防范     

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey

This study aimed to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Korea, a rapidly changing country. Data of 5,132 adults aged 20-85 were used from the 2001 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to identify risk factors for T2D. Three models were specified: (i) socioeconomic and demographic factors (model 1: age, gender, education, poverty income ratio, employment), (ii) behavioral risk factors and covariates (model 2: obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, dietary quality, family history of T2D, co-morbidity) and (iii) socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors (model 3). The prevalence of T2D was 7.4%. Less education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84), age (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.56-3.08 in 40-59 yrs, OR 4.05, 95% CI 2.76-5.95 in 60 yrs + comparing to 20-39 yrs) and abdominal obesity (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.79-2.82) were risk factors for T2D even after controlling for other factors simultaneously. There was a significant association of T2D with ever smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.67). The relationship of age with T2D was modified by gender in model 1 and the relationship of smoking with T2D was modified by obesity in model 2. Less educated, older, obese or ever smokers were more likely to have T2D. Gender mediated the relationship of age, and obesity mediated the relationship of smoking, with T2D. Intervention programs for T2D in Korea should take the interactions among risk factors into account.     

The Effect of Desensitization Protocols on Human Splenic B-Cell Populations In Vivo

Rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) all have been suggested to have an effect on antibody producing cells, however, supporting data are lacking. To assess the impact of these agents on splenic B‐cell populations in vivo, we retrospectively examined 25 spleens removed from patients treated with these agents as part of desensitization protocols in either ABO incompatible or positive crossmatch living donor kidney transplantation. These were compared to control (CTL) spleens removed for trauma. CTLs and spleens removed at transplant after multiple pretransplant plasmaphereses (PP) plus low‐dose IVIG showed similar large numbers of naïve B cells (CD20⁺ and CD79⁺), plasma cells (CD138⁺) and memory B cells (CD27⁺ cells). Adding rituximab to this PP/IVIG regimen reduced the number naïve B cells, but had no effect on memory or plasma cells. Combination treatment (PP/IVIG, rituximab and rATG) showed a trend toward the reduction of CD27⁺ cells, but again plasma cells were unchanged. We conclude that none of these protocols reduces splenic plasma cells in vivo. PP/low‐dose IVIG does not alter splenic B cells, but the addition of rituximab decreases mature B cells. Memory B cells may be affected by combination therapy including rATG and requires further study.     

乳腺癌患者外周血EMA和EGP-2mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨上皮膜抗原(EMA)和表皮糖蛋白基因(EGP-2)在乳腺癌患者外周血中的表达及其与肿瘤微转移的关系. 方法采用RT-PCR方法检测53例乳腺癌患者(乳癌组)和24例乳腺良性疾病患者(良性病组)EMA和EGP-2mRNA在外周血中的表达,并分析其与临床指标之间的关系. 结果乳癌组外周血EMA和EGP-2mRNA的表达率分别为33.96%和28.30%,而在良性病组外周血表达率分别为0和4.17%,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EMA和EGP-2mRNA的检出率与腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期等临床参数呈正相关;EMA和EGP-2mRNA联合检测敏感度和准确性在乳腺癌组分别为52.83%和66.23%,相对于EPG-2 mRNA单项检测敏感度及准确性有明显升高,但与EMA mRNA无统计学差异.结论 EMA和EGP-2联合检测时准确性明显升高,故两者可作为标志物检测乳腺癌患者外周血微转移,有可能对乳腺癌的疗效和预后判断有意义.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition increases gastric tone and delays gastric emptying in rats.

We evaluated the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors, COX-1 selective inhibitor, or COX non-selective inhibitor on gastric emptying and intestinal transit of liquids, and evaluated the effect of a COX-2 selective inhibitor on gastric tonus (GT). Male Wistar rats were treated per os with saline (control), rofecoxib, celecoxib, ketorolac, rofecoxib + ketorolac, celecoxib + ketorolac, or indomethacin. After 1 h, rats were gavage-fed (1.5 mL) with the test meal (5% glucose solution with 0.05 g mL(-1) phenol red) and killed 10, 20 or 30 min later. Gastric, proximal, medial or distal small intestine dye recovery (GDR and IDR, respectively) were measured by spectrophotometry. The animals of the other group were treated with i.v. valdecoxib or saline, and GT was continuously observed for 120 min using a pletismomether system. Compared with the control group, treatment with COX-2 inhibitors, alone or with ketocolac, as well as with indomethacin increased GDR (P < 0.05) at 10-, 20- or 30-min postprandial intervals. Ketorolac alone did not change the GDR, but increased the proximal IDR (P < 0.05) at 10 min, and decreased medial IDR (P < 0.05) at 10 and 20 min. Valdecoxib increased (P < 0.01) GT 60, 80 and 100 min after administration. In conclusion, COX-2 inhibition delayed the gastric emptying of liquids and increased GT in rats.     

2005～2007年我国非甾体抗炎药市场应用分析

目的：以骨骼肌肉系统使用非甾体抗炎药物为例，分析该类药物在2005～2007年的销售数量、销售金额及生产厂家风云榜。方法：采用药物分类累加的方法统计2005～2007年非甾体抗炎药的销售数量和金额排序，并对前10位药品销售数量和金额对比，及前10位厂家对比。结果：双氯芬酸稳居销售榜首，美洛昔康、布洛芬等药物位居其后。结论：新一代的非甾体抗炎药已经占据主要市场，各类药物各有特色，但是仍需注意其消化系统及心血管系统的不良反应。     

MTT法和水溶性四氮唑(WST-1)法检测中波紫外线照射HaCaT细胞后活力的比较

目的:观察中波紫外线照射后HaCaT细胞活力的变化并探讨水溶性四氮唑(WST-1)法检测的适用性.方法:将HaCaT细胞分为对照组(假照射组)、300J/m2、600J/m2、900J/m2紫外线照射后24h组(每组6个样本).600J/m2紫外线照射后4h组、8h组、1 2h组、24h组、48h组、72h组(每组6个样本).血球计数板计算HaCaT细胞数量.四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法和水溶性四氮唑(WST-1)法活性测定HaCaT细胞活性.结果:MTT法显示300J/m2、600J/m2、900J/m2紫外线照射HaCaT细胞24h后光密度(OD)值明显较0J/m2组低;WST-1法各组OD值明显比0J/m2组低.MTT法显示600J/m2紫外线照射HaCaT细胞8h、12h、24h、48h、72h后OD值明显比0J/m2组低.WST-1法显示600J/m2紫外线照射HaCaT细胞4h后OD值较0J/m2组低;600J/m2紫外线照射HaCaT细胞8h、12h、24h、48h、72h后OD值明显比0J/m2组低.WST-1法的OD值与细胞计数、MT法OD值呈正相关.结论:随着紫外线剂量的加大和照射后时间延长,HaCaT细胞数量减少,细胞的活力下降,WST-1代谢活性亦降低,呈时间和剂量依赖性.HaCaT细胞可对WST-1进行代谢,适用于该细胞增殖研究.     

Striatal delivery of CERE-120, an AAV2 vector encoding human neurturin, enhances activity of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in aged monkeys.

Neurturin (NTN) is a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. CERE-120, an adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) vector encoding human NTN (AAV2-NTN), is currently being developed as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease. This study examined the bioactivity and safety/tolerability of AAV2-NTN in the aged monkey model of nigrostriatal dopamine insufficiency. Aged rhesus monkeys received unilateral injections of AAV2-NTN into the caudate and putamen, with each animal therefore serving as its own control. Robust expression of NTN within the nigrostriatal system was observed 8 months postadministration. (18)F-fluorodopa imaging using positron emission tomography revealed statistically significant increases in (18)F-fluorodopa uptake in the injected striatum compared with the uninjected side at 4 and 8 months. In addition, at 8 months postadministration, a significant enhancement in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers and an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells was observed in the AAV2-NTN injected striatum compared with the uninjected side. Robust activation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra was also observed. Histopathological analyses revealed no adverse effects of AAV2-NTN in the brain. Collectively, these results are consistent with the neurotrophic effects of NTN on the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system and extend the growing body of evidence supporting the concept that AAV2-NTN may have therapeutic benefit for Parkinson's disease.     

Comparing diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted MR imaging for the quantification of infarct size in a neonatal rat hypoxic–ischemic model at 24 h post-injury

PURPOSE: In a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, using T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), we aim to determine the best MRI method of lesion quantification that reflects infarct size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty 7-day-old rats underwent MRI 24h after HI brain injury was induced. Lesion size relative to whole brain was measured using T2WI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, applying thresholds of 60%, 70% and 80% contralateral control hemisphere mean ADC, and at day 10 post-HI on pathology with TTC staining. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the relationships between lesion size at MRI and pathology. RESULTS: Lesion size measurement using all MRI methods significantly correlated with infarct size at pathology; using T2WI, r=0.808 (p<0.001), using 80% ADC, 70% ADC and 60% ADC thresholds, r=0.888 (p<0.001), 0.761, (p<0.001) and 0.569 (p=0.014), respectively. Eighty percent ADC threshold was found to be the only significant independent predictor of final infarct volume (adjusted R(2)=0.775). CONCLUSION: At 24h post-HI, lesion size on DWI, using 80% ADC threshold is the best predictor of final infarct volume. Although T2WI performed less well, it has the advantage of superior spatial resolution and is technically less demanding. These are important considerations for experiments which utilize MRI as a surrogate method for lesion quantification in the neonatal rat HI model.