PPAR-γ配体对绒癌细胞系JEG-3体外增殖、分泌和侵袭能力的影响

目的 观察PPAR-γ配体吡格列酮(PGZ)调节绒癌细胞系JEG-3的增殖、分泌hCG和体外侵袭、转移能力.方法 用MTT法和IEMA测定细胞的增殖和分泌hCG.Matrigel侵袭模型分析细胞的迁徙和侵袭能力.结果 小剂量PGZ对JEG-3有增殖抑制作用,随PGZ浓度的增加,JEG-3透过Matrigel膜的细胞数明显减少(P＜0.01).结论 PGZ明显抑制JEG-3肿瘤细胞的生长和侵袭能力,提示PPAR-γ途径可能是妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗的新方向.     

Comparison of the Proportion of Non‐Classic (CD14+CD16+) Monocytes/Macrophages in Peripheral Blood and Gingiva of Healthy Individuals and Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Monocyte subsets with low CD14 expression that coexpress CD16 (CD14+CD16+) are called non‐classic or hyperinflammatory monocytes. Previous studies have reported an increase in the percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). To our knowledge, there are no reports demonstrating the presence of CD14+CD16+ monocyte–derived macrophages (MDMs) in the gingival tissue. The objective of this study is to identify the proportion of non‐classic (CD14+CD16+) monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and gingiva of healthy individuals and patients with CP. Methods: A total of 60 individuals (n = 30 per group) were recruited for the study. Group 1 included 30 individuals with healthy gingiva, and group 2 included 30 patients with CP. Direct immunofluorescent staining was done in 200 μL whole‐blood and single‐cell suspensions obtained from gingival tissue, with fluorochrome‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies against CD14, CD16, and human leukocyte antigen‐DR (HLA‐DR), and subjected to flow cytometric analysis. Results: The mean percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals was 9.10% ± 1.39%, and for patients with CP it was 14.18% ± 2.69% (P <0.05). The mean percentage of CD14+CD16+ MDMs in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals was found to be 0.93% ± 0.33%, whereas in patients with CP, it was 1.92% ± 0.78% (P <0.01). Non‐classic monocytes/macrophages showed a high median fluorescent intensity for HLA‐DR (DR++). Conclusion: This study demonstrates an increased proportion of CD14+CD16+HLA‐DR++ monocytes/macrophages in the peripheral blood and gingiva of patients with CP.     

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目的研究代谢性谷氨酸受体第5亚型（mGluR5）在牙髓各部位中的表达及分布。方法收集2009年7月至2010年1月山东大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科因正畸或其他治疗需要而拔除的健康前磨牙或第三磨牙5例,制成一系列石蜡切片,利用免疫组化方法检测牙髓各部位mGluR5的表达及分布情况,利用图像分析系统对其表达强度进行半定量分析,探讨mGluR5在牙髓中的作用和意义。结果正常牙髓从冠部、颈部到根部牙髓成牙本质细胞中mGluR5表达均呈阳性,且由冠部、颈部到根部mGluR5表达强度依次降低。结论mGluR5在牙髓疼痛传递过程中可能具有一定的作用。     

Endocannabinoid system in irritable bowel syndrome and cannabis as a therapy

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) global burden is underestimated despite its high prevalence. It’s a gastrointestinal disease having obscure pathophysiology with multiple therapies yet unsatisfactory remedies. The Endocannabinoid system (ECS) of our body plays a key role in maintaining normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as involves abnormalities including functional diseases like IBS. This review highlights the importance of the Endocannabinoid system, its connections with the normal gastrointestinal functions and abnormalities like IBS. It also discusses the role of cannabis as medical therapy in IBS patients. A literature search for articles related to endocannabinoids in IBS and medical cannabis in PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. The studies highlighted the significant participation of ECS in IBS. However, the breach in obtaining the promising therapeutic model for IBS needed further investigation in ECS and uncover other treatments for IBS. This review summarizes ECS, highlights the relationship of ECS with IBS and explores cannabis as a potential therapy to treat IBS.     

Assessing the Causal Effects of Adipokines on Uric Acid and Gout: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Previous observational studies have highlighted associations between adipokines and hyperuricemia, as well as gout, but the causality and direction of these associations are not clear. Therefore, we attempted to assess whether there are causal effects of specific adipokines (such as adiponectin (ADP) and soluble leptin receptors (sOB-R)) on uric acid (UA) or gout in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, based on summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses (including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods) were also performed, to ensure reliable results. In the IVW models, no causal effect was found for sOB-R (odds ratios (OR), 1.002; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.999–1.004; p = 0.274) on UA, or ADP (OR, 1.198; 95% CI, 0.865–1.659; p = 0.277) or sOB-R (OR, 0.988; 95% CI, 0.940–1.037; p = 0.616) on gout. The results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses. There was no notable directional pleiotropy or heterogeneity. This study suggests that these specific adipokines may not play causal roles in UA or gout development.     

D期前列腺癌药物去势的疗效与AR、PSA的相关性研究

目的:探讨D期前列腺癌(PCa)患者药物去势治疗的效果与雄激素受体(AR)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的相关性。方法:对33例D期PCa患者给予LHRH类似物 抗雄激素药物进行药物去势治疗,结合免疫组化进行统计分析。结果:AR、PSA与癌组织分化程度的之间的差异有统计学意义。Gleason不同评分组间血清PSA水平之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCa Gleason评分值与原位PSA免疫标记表达呈明显的负相关性(P<0.01);原位PSA免疫标记表达与血清PSA不具有相关性。结论:PCa组织中AR、PSA表达与D期PCa患者行药物去势疗法疗效有密切关系;血清PSA变化是监测PCa肿瘤复发与疗效的可靠瘤标。     

外周炎症时大鼠背根神经节细胞μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA的表达

目的观察外周炎症时大鼠背根神经节(dorsalrootganglion,DRG)细胞μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA表达的变化。方法用角叉菜胶(carrageenan,CAR)在大鼠右后足皮下注射产生外周炎症,分别于正常和炎症后6、12、24和72h取右L4~5DRG。用原位杂交的方法观察正常及炎症期间DRG细胞μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA表达的变化。结果正常大鼠的部分DRG细胞内可见μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA表达。外周炎症后6h,表达μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA的DRG细胞的数和μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA表达量增加,24h表达量最高,72h下降至正常。结论外周炎症能使大鼠DRG细胞μ-和κ-阿片受体mRNA表达增加。提示外周炎症时大鼠DRG细胞μ-和κ-阿片受体合成增加。为阿片类物质应用于外周镇痛提供理论依据。     

T2R bitter taste receptors regulate apoptosis and may be associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Better management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) requires a clearer understanding of tumor biology and disease risk. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been studied in several cancers, including thyroid, salivary, and GI, but their role in HNSCC has not been explored. We found that HNSCC patient samples and cell lines expressed functional T2Rs on both the cell and nuclear membranes. Bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, activated T2R‐mediated nuclear Ca²⁺ responses leading to mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and ultimately apoptosis. Buffering nuclear Ca²⁺ elevation blocked caspase activation. Furthermore, increased expression of T2Rs in HNSCCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas is associated with improved overall survival. This work suggests that T2Rs are potential biomarkers to predict outcomes and guide treatment selection, may be leveraged as therapeutic targets to stimulate tumor apoptosis, and may mediate tumor‐microbiome crosstalk in HNSCC.     

Novel insights into NOD-like receptors in renal diseases

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), including NLRAs, NLRBs (also known as NAIPs), NLRCs, and NLRPs, are a major subfamily of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Owing to a recent surge in research, NLRs have gained considerable attention due to their involvement in mediating the innate immune response and perpetuating inflammatory pathways, which is a central phenomenon in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including renal diseases. NLRs are expressed in different renal tissues during pathological conditions, which suggest that these receptors play roles in acute kidney injury, obstructive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, crystal nephropathy, uric acid nephropathy, and renal cell carcinoma, among others. This review summarises recent progress on the functions of NLRs and their mechanisms in the pathophysiological processes of different types of renal diseases to help us better understand the role of NLRs in the kidney and provide a theoretical basis for NLR-targeted therapy for renal diseases.