离子交换纤维对阿魏酸的吸附和解吸研究

 目的　测定自制的强碱性离子交换纤维对阿魏酸的吸附和解吸的性能。方法　采用测定静态吸附速率曲线及测定30.8K的吸附等温线的方法,并对不同入口浓度和不同流速下,阿魏酸在固定床吸附柱上的动态吸附过程进行了研究。结果　离子交换纤维对阿魏酸的静态饱和吸附量为180.4mg·g^-1(干纤维),用少量甲醇和稀盐酸即可将吸附在纤维上的阿魏酸完全解吸。结论　离子交换纤维对阿魏酸的吸附速率远大于D2.96离子交换树脂对阿魏酸的吸附速率,是提纯和分离阿魏酸的一种新型离子交换剂。     

玻璃纤维粉尘对呼吸系统影响的调查

目的探讨玻璃纤维粉尘对呼吸系统的影响。方法选择玻璃纤维粉尘作业130名男性工人为研究对象,并以某化妆品厂130名男性工人作为对照组,进行鼻、咽喉、高千伏胸部X射线影像学检查和肺功能测定。结果玻璃纤维作业工人慢性鼻炎检出率20.77%,慢性咽炎62.31%,肺纹理改变19.23%,肺功能“小气道功能轻度异常”16.5%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且随工龄增长,检出率升高。结论玻璃纤维粉尘对呼吸系统有一定危害作用。     

Increased granule cell neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus following mossy fiber stimulation sufficient to induce long-term potentiation

Neurons are continually added at a low rate to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus during adulthood in rats. The functional significance of this unusual feature is not completely understood, although recent studies suggest continued granule cell neurogenesis is essential for normal learning and memory. We report here that, in the adult rat, stimulation of the granule cell mossy fibers sufficient to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) increases the number of newly formed granule cells in the dentate gyrus, indicating that granule cell neurogenesis is regulated by efferent activity and, possibly, the induction of LTP.     

磁共振弥散张量成像的处理和可视化

本文介绍了磁共振弥散张量成像的原理及其数据的分析处理方法.在弥散张量成像中,对每一体素都构造一个张量以描述此体素内水分子的扩散,利用此张量的几何性质可对组织的细微结构进行定量分析.根据弥散张量的对称性,可将其分为三种基本类型以描述弥散椭球的几何特性,由此可求得表征弥散各向异性程度的测度.还可通过伪彩色处理等方法直观的表现弥散张量的几何性质,从而得到脑白质纤维的方向性等信息.本文还介绍了一种白质纤维束的追踪方法及其追踪结果.     

分子印迹中空纤维复合膜对异丙醇/水体系的渗透汽化

以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维超滤为基膜,二苯甲酰-L-酒石酸(L-DBTA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,采用表面热聚合方法制备了L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜。该复合膜对异丙醇/水体系具有很好的分离效果,对于w=0.20和0.50的异丙醇/水体系,经过一次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的分离因子分别为2 400和5 690,通量分别为1 440 g/(m2.h)和551 g/(m2.h);对于w=0.95的异丙醇/水体系,浸膜液浓缩一倍,经过两次浸膜制得的L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜分离因子可达82 100,渗透通量可达739 g/(m2.h);对于异丙醇/水体系,通过实验,获得了L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜与一般渗透汽化膜相反的分离规律:料液温度升高,L-DBTA分子印迹复合膜的渗透通量下降;随着料液浓度的升高,分离因子出现最大值时的温度逐渐升高。     

镀银导电纤维的制备和性能

对短切聚酯纤维进行化学镀银,制备了用于导电高分子材料的导电填料,探讨了氨水浓度、装载量及稳定剂对纤维化学镀银的影响。实验表明,φ=0.10的氨水有利于化学镀银;通过调整装载量,可提高纤维的增重量率和硝酸银的利用率;稳定剂的加入可阻止镀液自分解,但对包覆层的均匀性和致密性有影响。电性能测试表明,镀银纤维的体积电阻率可达3.35×1-0 3Ω.cm,以其作为导电橡胶填料,当含量为w=0.40时,其电阻率为1.54×1-0 1Ω.cm。     

软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化40例临床分析

目的探讨软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）合并早期肝硬化患者的临床疗效。方法将慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化患者81例随机分为治疗组（40例）与对照组（41例）。治疗组给予软肝化纤丸治疗；对照组用鳖甲软肝片、利加隆（水飞蓟素胶囊），疗程3个月。观察治疗前后肝功（ALT、AST、ALB、TBiL）和肝纤维化（HA、IV-C、LN）等指标的变化情况。结果疗程结束后，治疗组患脾大、门静脉增宽、肝纤维化指标明显好转，与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论软肝化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎合并早期肝硬化疗效优于鳖甲软肝片，利加隆。     

新型胆碱酯酶抑制剂对AD大鼠空间记忆及海马结构胆碱能纤维的影响

目的探讨新型胆碱酯酶抑制剂(NAI)及水迷宫训练对AD大鼠海马结构胆碱能纤维的影响。方法用36只Wistar♂大鼠制作AD动物模型,随机分成3组:NAI组、石杉碱甲组(Hup组)、单纯损伤组(SO组)。水迷宫训练后,采用组织化学方法测定海马结构胆碱能纤维密度。结果①定位航行实验中,NAI组逃避潜伏期较SO组显著缩短(P<0.01)。②空间探索实验中,NAI组跨越各象限平台相应位置次数占总次数百分率较SO组明显增高(P<0.01)。③组化结果显示:NAI组海马结构胆碱能纤维密度较SO组明显增加(P<0.05)。尽管NAI组胆碱能纤维密度高于Hup组,但无统计学意义。结论经NAI治疗及水迷宫行为训练后的AD大鼠,海马结构内胆碱能纤维密度明显增加,提示NAI及水迷宫训练联合作用可促进AD大鼠海马结构胆碱能纤维重建。     

Dietary fibers reduce the urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene following intravenous administration of pyrene.

During biological monitoring of exposure to a chemical, a possible source of interindividual variability in the measurement of a urinary metabolite that undergoes enterohepatic cycling is the presence of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. This study examined the effect of diets containing either the insoluble fiber Alphacel (nonnutritive bulk cellulose) or the soluble pectin (from citrus fruit, MW 20,000-40,000). Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats received one of the following diets: poor (5% w/w) or rich (15% w/w) in Alphacel, poor (5% w/w) or rich (15% w/w) in pectin, or no fiber (NF). Five micromol/kg of pyrene was administered by iv injection immediately after feeding the animals with their respective diet, and urine and feces collections started for the determination of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of pyrene. The type of fiber had no influence on the results. The rats receiving diets both poor and rich in fiber excreted less 1-OHP (18 +/- 8 and 15 +/- 7 pmol per g of rat, respectively) in the 24-h urine samples than the NF group (28 +/- 6 pmol/g). There was a nonstatistically significant trend towards increased fecal and total (urinary + fecal) 1-OHP excretion with increasing amount of fiber in the diet. An in vitro experiment showed an inverse correlation (r(2) = 0.98) between the amount of Alphacel in suspension in a 1-OHP aqueous solution and the recovery of 1-OHP from the soluble fraction. The reduction in urinary output of the metabolite due to fiber reaching approximately 40% may contribute to its interindividual variability observed in occupational and environmental studies.     

近红外漫反射光谱技术在甘草指纹图谱中的研究

本文采用光纤近红外漫反射光谱技术对不同产地、不同采收时间、不同级别、不同部位的甘草进行考察,通过非侵入方式获得植物内在成分信息,应用系统聚类分析方法获得分类结果,探索了NIRS在植物分类中的应用途径和方法。方法学研究表明,本法具有快捷、无损和重现性高地表达植物化学信息的特点,可作为中药分类中的一个强有力的工具。