精神行为病志意辨证方药体系的修复与构设

精神行为病以五志类证类药为主要内容的志意辨证新方法的修复和建立,随之产生了区分病证类属使用适宜的药治模式的临床需要,为此,从以下三方面对精神行为病志意辨证方药体系进行了修复与构设。其一,中医学存在志意精神魂魄药性、治法、组方理论及分类雏形,有构设背景;其二,中医文献志意精神魂魄相关方药聚类分析研究使修复构建成为可能;其三,《志意辨证论裁》初步修复并确立了与志意辨证理论体系框架相对应的志、意、魂、魄、精、神证治方药体系。     

Drugs acting on the heart: antihypertensive drugs

Antihypertensive drugs are used commonly in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine. Patients might require antihypertensive drugs before surgery for the treatment of essential hypertension, pre-eclampsia or, occasionally for conditions such as phaeochromocytoma; during surgery as part of a deliberate hypotensive anaesthetic technique; or to reduce postoperative cardiovascular complications. Here, we discuss the physiology of blood pressure control, the pharmacology of antihypertensive drugs, current guidelines, and practical applications of antihypertensive therapy.     

VCE取材Bethesda 2001报告在宫颈癌筛查中的意义

目的：探讨VCE取材Bethesda 2001报告系统在宫颈癌筛查中的意义。方法：采用VCE取材Bethesda2001报告系统对3 056例健康体检女性进行阴道细胞学检查,并对不明确意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASC-US）以上病变者经阴道镜取材进行宫颈组织病理学诊断。结果：阴道细胞学检查(VCE取材Bethesda 2001报告系统)检出宫颈异常鳞状上皮细胞66例,阳性率2.15%。其中不明确意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASC-US）17例（25.76％）,不除外高度病变的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASC-H）4例,（6.06％）,低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）28例（42.42％）,高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)14例（21.21％）,宫颈鳞癌（SCC）3例（4.55％）。66例细胞学阳性诊断病例经宫颈活检组织病理学诊断CIN I级以上病变60例（90.91％）,其中CIN Ⅰ级35例（53.03％）,CIN Ⅱ级12例（18.18％）,CIN Ⅲ级7例（10.61％）,宫颈鳞癌6例（9.09％）。结论：VCE取材Bethesda2001报告系统取材方便、报告准确,阴道细胞学检查阳性诊断与病理诊断符合率高达90.91％,VCE取材Bethesda2001报告系统在宫颈癌筛查中具有重要意义。     

Multiple Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin System Are Novel Targets of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of CKD and cardiovascular disease. However, current anti-RAS therapy only has limited efficacy, partly because of compensatory upregulation of renin expression. Therefore, a treatment strategy to simultaneously target multiple RAS genes is necessary to achieve greater efficacy. By bioinformatics analyses, we discovered that the promoter regions of all RAS genes contained putative T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF)-binding sites, and β-catenin induced the binding of LEF-1 to these sites in kidney tubular cells. Overexpression of either β-catenin or different Wnt ligands induced the expression of all RAS genes. Conversely, a small-molecule β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001 abolished RAS induction. In a mouse model of nephropathy induced by adriamycin, either transient therapy or late administration of ICG-001 abolished established proteinuria and kidney lesions. ICG-001 inhibited renal expression of multiple RAS genes in vivo and abolished the expression of other Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Moreover, ICG-001 therapy restored expression of nephrin, podocin, and Wilms’ tumor 1, attenuated interstitial myofibroblast activation, repressed matrix expression, and inhibited renal inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, these studies identify all RAS genes as novel downstream targets of Wnt/β-catenin. Our results indicate that blockade of Wnt/β-catenin signaling can simultaneously repress multiple RAS genes, thereby leading to the reversal of established proteinuria and kidney injury.     

Neurons and satellite glial cells in adult rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia express connexin 36

Previous studies have shown that following peripheral nerve injury there was a downregulation of the gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36) in the spinal cord; however, it is not known whether Cx36 protein is expressed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), nor if its levels are altered following peripheral nerve injuries. Here we address these aspects in the adult rat lumbar DRG. Cx36 mRNA was detected using qRT-PCR, and Cx36 protein was identified in DRG sections using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). Double staining revealed that Cx36 co-localizes with both anti-β-III tubulin, a neuronal marker, and anti-glutamine synthetase, a satellite glial cell (SGC) marker. In neurons, Cx36 staining was mostly uniform in somata and fibers of all sizes and its intensity increased at the cell membranes. This labeling pattern was in contrast with Cx36 IF dots mainly found at junctional membranes in islet beta cells used as a control tissue. Co-staining with anti-Cx43 and anti-Cx36 showed that whereas mostly uniform staining of Cx36 was found throughout neurons and SGCs, Cx43 IF puncta were localized to SGCs. Cx36 mRNA was expressed in normal lumbar DRG, and it was significantly down-regulated in L4 DRG of rats that underwent sciatic nerve injury resulting in persistent hypersensitivity. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that neurons and SGCs express Cx36 protein in normal DRG, and suggested that perturbation of Cx36 levels may contribute to chronic neuropathic pain resulting from a peripheral nerve injury.