Misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess misoprostol's ability to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) where no alternatives exist. Comparison to oxytocics demonstrates how similarly misoprostol achieves a level of effectiveness-obtainable only in hospitals-in remote locations around the world. METHOD: Using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model and the DerSirmonian and Laird random-effects model, summary statistics indicated that misoprostol's excess risk of PPH was only 4% when compared to oxytocics. RESULT: This risk difference was well within the range of expected results for all uterotonic agents and does not warrant branding misoprostol as an inferior drug. CONCLUSION: Conventional uterotonic drugs should not be used to set the lowest-accepted level of effectiveness in settings where they are entirely unsuitable. Continuing to weigh the benefits of one effective drug against another only delays the distribution of misoprostol in countries where it is the only feasible choice and must be measured against no treatment at all.     

庆余肾气丸,复方丹参片中农药多残留分析

采用气相色谱法测定庆余肾气丸、复方丹参片中六六六，ＤＤＴ残留含量，以六六六，ＤＤＴ各异构体和代谢物衡量，方法的检测极限可达１．８×１０－４～８．０×１０－３μｇ／ｇ；方法回收率总均值分别在９１．４３％±１．７％，和９０．８８％±２．８４％；检测变异系数为０．２７％～９．９３％。样品测定结果显示，庆余肾气丸、复方丹参片中有机氯农药残留量皆低于世界各国的限量标准。     

Postpartum hemorrhage today: ICM/FIGO initiative 2004-2006.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the main cause of maternal mortality. Yet, even though solutions have been identified, governments and donor countries have been slow to implement programs to contain the problem. While poverty and low educational level remain the underlying cause of PPH, the current literature suggests that active management of the third stage of labor can prevent it. The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) are attempting to address the chronic PPH crisis by educating their members on best practices and on troubleshooting where resources are inadequate. Some studies found oxytocin to be preferable to misoprostol in settings where active management is the norm. However, secondary clinical effects may prove more troublesome with oxytocin than with misoprostol, and misoprostol may prove to be more practical and equally effective in low-resource settings. Two new interventions are also proposed, the anti-shock garment and the balloon tamponade.     

扑苯黄片中三组分的HPLC测定

用ＨＰＬＣ同时测定扑苯黄片中三组分的含量。采用Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂ ＣＮ柱，操作简单，结果准确。对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸伪麻黄碱、盐酸苯海拉明的回收率分别为１００．３％、９９．８％、９９．５％，ＲＳＤ分别为０．２９％、０．５１％、０．４５％。     

米索前列醇与依沙吖啶配伍用于中孕引产的多中心临床研究

目的　探索并验证一种安全有效、简便易行、能够明显缩短中期妊娠引产时间的新方法。方法　在 4家医疗单位中 ,选择 14～ 2 2孕周需要引产的健康妊娠妇女共 12 2例 ,随机分成 2组。研究组共 64例 ,先按常规行羊膜腔穿刺注入依沙吖啶 10 0mg ,术毕即于阴道后穹窿处放置米索前列醇 2片 (0 .4mg/片 ) ;对照组共5 8例 ,以甲硝唑片 2片 (0 .4g/片 )取代米索前列醇片。结果　研究组单次引产成功率 (96.9% )高于对照组 (82 .8% ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;研究组胎儿排出时间为 (2 8.8± 17.2 )h ,短于对照组的 (5 0 .2± 10 .9)h ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;与对照组相比 ,研究组产后出血较少 ,胎盘排出、宫内组织残留以及产后恢复等均未受明显影响 ,无一例出现强直性宫缩 ,也不增加各种并发症和不良反应的发生率。结论　米索前列醇配伍依沙吖啶引产法明显提高单次引产的成功率 ,大大缩短引产所需的时间。只要严格掌握适应证 ,这是一种安全、高效、廉价、方便的引产方法     

Optimization of a formulation for direct compression using a simplex lattice design

In this paper it is demonstrated how the optimum composition of a mixture for direct compression consisting of -lactose monohydrate, roller-dried -lactose and microcrystalline cellulose can be found using a systematic optimization technique. The experiments were chosen according to a simplex lattice design. The results of these experiments were used to fit a mathematical model, which then can predict the properties of all possible mixture compositions and enables a graphic representation of these properties in the form of contour plots. At a level of 4% the effect of three disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone) on the properties of the tablets compressed from these filler-binders, was evaluated by superimposing the contour plots of the different tablet responses. It was found that all the disintegrants used were effective in this combination of filler-binders. In order to evaluate drug dissolution rate an extra experiment with crospovidone as the disintegrant was performed, in which oxazepam was used as a test drug.     

《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》解读

药物流产(MA)是早孕期避孕失败的补救措施,主要药物为米非司酮和米索前列醇,二者联合使用,可使早孕期孕妇完全终止妊娠率达到90%。但是,MA导致的患者阴道流血时间长、量多,甚至阴道大流血,而需采取急诊刮宫术治疗等,尚未被彻底解决。如何安全、有效终止早孕期妊娠,保护女性生殖健康是目前国内外该领域的研究重点。美国妇产科医师学学会(ACOG)发布的《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》对早孕期孕妇终止妊娠,具有重要指导作用。笔者拟就该简报对MA用于孕龄≤70 d孕妇的临床效果评估,MA用药方案、禁忌证、适应证,MA前咨询和检查,MA疼痛管理,MA后观察、预防性抗菌药物使用、随访管理、避孕措施9个方面基于循证医学推荐进行解读。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的应用

为了探讨米非司酮配伍米索前列醇在中期妊娠引产中的疗效 ,观察组 68例用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇引产 ,对照组 60例用利凡诺引产 ,观察两组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间 .结果 :观察组从规律宫缩至胎儿娩出时间孕 2 0周前及孕 2 0周后分别是 ( 6 5± 0 5 2 )h和 ( 7 6± 0 4 8)h均比利凡诺组的 ( 13 2± 2 4 )h和 ( 11 1± 0 3 )h明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而且孕 2 0周后观察组胎盘胎膜完全排出率 ( 3 8 8% )明显高于对照组 ( 2 0 % ) (P <0 0 5 ) .结论 :米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于中孕引产具有安全有效、简便易行、无严重副作用的优点 ,是一种值得推广、使用的方法 .     

药物终止10～16周妊娠的临床研究

目的：探索终止10－16周妊娠的药物引产方法。方法：将近两年来我院妊娠10－16周的健康妇女机随分布两组,A组：42例,米非司酮50mg Tid*2d,d3晨口服米索前列醇600ug,4h一次,最多3次,B组：42例,经阴羊腔内插管注入雷夫诺尔100mg引产,结果：A组成功率为92．9％,B组成功率为76．2％,结论：口服米非司酮配米索前列醇能较好的终止10－16周妊娠。