紫苏及其变种的分子鉴定和亲缘关系研究

目的 构建紫苏属种、变种之间系统发育关系,准确鉴别紫苏Perilla frutescens var. arguta、白苏P. frutescens与其他变种。方法 提取紫苏、白苏及其他变种的DNA,对ITS和psbA-trnH序列扩增和测序,计算物种种内（变种内）种间（变种间）Kimura 2-parameter（K2P）遗传距离。采用最简约法（MP）和邻接法（NJ）构建分子系统树,进行系统发育和鉴定分析。结果 ITS和psbA-trnH MP系统树显示白苏和紫苏的不同地域的样本聚为一单系分支（支持率为100%和93%）,紫苏与回回苏构成姐妹群分支（支持率为95%和90%）,野生紫苏和耳齿紫苏构成一单系分支（支持率为100%和90%）;白苏、紫苏与其他变种间的ITS和psbA-trnH序列遗传距离0.008 21～0.018 18和0.002 38～0.029 31,明显大于白苏与紫苏间遗传距离0～0.001 65和0,大于各变种内遗传距离。结论 白苏和紫苏合并为一个种紫苏;紫苏与回回苏亲缘关系最近,野生紫苏与耳齿紫苏亲缘关系最近;ITS和psbA-trnH序列可以准确鉴别紫苏与其他变种。     

马兰多糖的含量测定

目的 测定马兰中多糖含量,为马兰的应用和质量评价提供科学依据.方法 以葡萄糖为对照品,采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,在490 nm波长下测定多糖含量.结果 不同产地、采收时间的马兰多糖含量差异显著.结论 苯酚-硫酸比色法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于马兰中多糖的含量测定.     

正交试验优选贯叶金丝桃中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺

目的探索贯叶金丝桃药材中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺。方法以金丝桃苷的含量为考察指标,采用正交设计法对影响乙醇提取效果的因素进行优选。结果最佳提取条件为10倍90%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5 h。结论最佳优选结果用于验证实验具有较好的重现性。     

马栗树种子提取物制剂的研究进展

马栗树种子提取物（醇提物）为欧洲七叶树种子的提取物,为纯植物制剂,在临床应用中常用制剂有注射用七叶皂苷钠和迈之灵片,其主要成分是七叶皂苷（escin）,具有理气宽中、和胃止痛、消肿、改善血液循环、增加静脉张力、抑制胃排空、清除活性氧和抗肿瘤等功效。主要用于术后水肿、肢体外伤所致的皮肤软组织肿胀、脑梗死、癌症等多种病症的治疗。从药理作用和临床应用等方面对马栗树种子提取物制剂的研究进展进行阐述。     

小叶榕与印度橡胶榕气生根的比较鉴别研究

【目的】对小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.)和印度橡胶榕(Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem.)气生根进行生药学鉴别。【方法】采集小叶榕与印度橡胶榕新鲜的气生根作为样品,采用体视镜进行外观形态鉴别;采用显微镜对气生根根被表面、根尖横切面、根尖后部横纵切面及粉末结构特征进行显微鉴别。【结果】形态鉴别:小叶榕气生根数目多于印度橡胶榕,直径小于印度橡胶榕;小叶榕气生根根尖淡黄色至黄白色,有灰白色或黄白色皮孔,而印度橡胶榕根尖浅黄色或黄色,有棕色的皮孔。显微特征鉴别:小叶榕与印度橡胶榕气生根根尖及根尖后部横切面显微结构可见初生木质部束不同,小叶榕为五至七原型,印度橡胶榕为六至十一原型;二者根部纵切面均可见无节不分枝乳汁管,但印度橡胶榕乳汁管直径略大于小叶榕,大多聚生;小叶榕粉末为红棕色,主要以螺纹导管为主,常见具缘纹孔导管,而印度橡胶榕粉末为黄棕色,纤维颜色较浅,接近无色透明,常有簇晶排列成行,主要以单列小型和大型成片的具缘纹孔导管为主。【结论】研究结果可为小叶榕和印度橡胶榕气生根的药材鉴定及开发利用提供依据。     

刺桐化学成分的研究

目的研究刺桐E ry thrina varieg a ta茎皮的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离化合物,运用波谱技术分析确定化学结构。结果从刺桐茎皮65%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取层中分离得到9个化合物,利用理化性质及波谱分析确定其结构分别为:5,4′-二羟基-8-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-2,″2″-二甲基吡喃[5,6∶6,7]异黄酮(Ⅰ)、豆甾醇(Ⅱ)、erythrinas inate B(Ⅲ)、3-羟基-2,′2′-二甲基吡喃[5,6∶9,10]紫檀烷(Ⅳ)、5,7-二羟基-8-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-二氢黄酮(Ⅴ)、5,4′-二羟基-2,″2″-二甲基吡喃[5,6∶6,7]异黄酮(Ⅵ)、5,7,4′-三羟基-6,8-二(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)异黄酮(Ⅶ)、5,2,′4′-三羟基-8-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-2,″2″-二甲基吡喃[5,6∶6,7]异黄酮(Ⅷ)、5,4′-二羟基-6-(3,3-二甲基烯丙基)-2,″2″-二甲基吡喃[5,6∶7,8]异黄酮(Ⅸ)。结论化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅴ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

基于遗传算法的土香薷总黄酮提取工艺优化研究

[目的]确定土香薷总黄酮的最优提取工艺。[方法]以乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,以总黄酮含量为目标函数,运用SPSS18.0软件建立其正交试验数据的二次回归模型,并进一步采用遗传算法对其进行优化,确定土香薷总黄酮的最优工艺条件。[结果]建立总黄酮含量（Y）与各因素的二次回归模型为：Y=51.039＋2.164X3X4-0.007X1X2;遗传算法优化后得其最优提取工艺条件为：加药材21倍量浓度为61%的乙醇提取3次,每次2h。;此条件下土香薷总黄酮的平均含量为54.37 mg/g,RSD为1.29%,与预测值（53.71mg/g）基本相近。[结论]所选最优提取条件提取率高、稳定性好,可用于土香薷总黄酮的提取。     

半枝莲中1个新克罗烷二萜化合物

目的研究半枝莲Scutellaria barbata全草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、MCI、反相ODS和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱进行分离和纯化,通过HR-ESI-MS、NMR、2D-NMR等波谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果从半枝莲全草提取物中分离得到1个新克罗烷二萜,鉴定为(13R)-7β-羟基-8,13-螺-6α,11β-二乙酰氧基-3-烯-15,16-新克罗烷内酯。结论化合物1为新的新克罗烷二萜化合物,命名为半枝莲二萜J。     

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory,Analgesic, and Antipyretic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Pedalium Murex Linn. Fruits

This study investigated the possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn. fruits in selected experimental animal models. Anti-inflammatory activity of Pedalium murex Linn., with doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated by Lambda-carrageenan induced paw oedema in Wistar albino rats; analgesic activity with doses of 280 mg/kg and 560 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated by hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing method in Swiss albino mice; and antipyretic activity with doses of 110 mg/kg and 220 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits by injecting gram -ve lipopolysaccharide obtained from E. coli. Results were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet''s multiple comparison test. Pedalium murex Linn. showed significant anti-inflammatory activity from 15 min to 180 min as compared to vehicle treated animals. It was comparable to diclofenac sodium at 180 min. The extract did not prolong the reaction time on hot plate method but significantly reduced the number of writhing after acetic acid administration. Also the extract did not show any antipyretic activity on lipopolysaccharide induced pyrexia. It is therefore concluded that the ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn. fruits has an anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic effects.     

In vitro and in vivo Antiinflammatory Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn. Leaves

Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acid, sterols, and glycosides. This study was intended to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of various extracts of fresh leaves of Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn experimentally by in vitro (human red blood cell membrane stabilization method) and in vivo methods (0.1 ml of 1% w/v carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model). Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol, and aqueous extracts were screened for in vitro antiinflammatory activity. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts which showed, best in vitro antiinflammatory activity was screened for in vivo antiinflammatory activity at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Indomethacin at the dose level of 10 mg/kg was used as reference standard drug. Both the extracts showed a dose dependent significant (P<0.001) reduction in paw edema when compared to the control, at all the time intervals and comparable to indomethacin (reference standard) treated group. The results of the present study demonstrate that petroleum ether and chloroform extracts possess significant (P<0.001) antiinflammatory potential which provide scientific basis for the traditional claims of Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn leaves as an antiinflammatory drug.