Effect of Betulinic acid Extraction from Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) Leaves Against Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cells

Background: Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene glycoside extract from guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) leaves, displays a variety of biological activities which exhibit cancer therapeutic properties associated with cancer growth inhibition in various kinds of human cancer cells including brain, breast, colorectal, cervical, lung and prostate gland. However, the effects on human cholangiocarcinoma cells have not previously been reported. Current study, we evaluated the activity of BA against human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCA) cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity analysis was measured by using MTT assay on HuCCA and BHK-21 cells. Analysis of apoptosis was evaluated by using staining with Hoechst 33342 and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The BA (50-800 µg/mL) significantly reduced the viability of HuCCA cells in a dose-dependent action with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 92.45 µg/mL at 24 h. It also induced apoptosis signaling pathway, such as nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that BA increased p53, Bax and caspase-3 expression whilst it decreased Bcl-2 expression in the HuCCA cells in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: BA can inhibit the HuCCA cell viability and induce apoptosis of neoplastic cells. This study indicates that BA has effective treatment for cholangiocarcinoma in vitro. Consequently, BA may be used as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma in the future.     

柽柳属植物研究进展

以国内外发表的文献为依据,对柽柳属植物近三十年来的化学成分及药理作用进行了较深入的综述,并对核属植物的研究提出了展望.     

HPLC法测定云南不同产地白花丹的不同部位中白花丹醌的含量

目的:建立白花丹药材中白花丹醌的反相高效液相色谱测定方法,以分别考察云南不同产地白花丹药材的不同部位中白花丹醌的含量。方法:色谱柱为 Kromasil C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(70:30),流速为1.0mL·min~(-1),检测波长为254 nm,柱温为25℃。结果:白花丹醌在25.3～253μg·mL~(-1)范围内,具有良好的线性关系,r=0.9998;平均回收率为99.0%,RSD=1.4%(n=6)。不同产地白花丹药材地上部分的白花丹醌含量分别为0.046%(嘎洒),0.079%(勐养),0.134%(嘎东),0.032%(曼东),0.047%(曼阁),0.057%(曼老);根部的白花丹醌含量分别为0.842%(嘎洒),1.04%(勐养),1.44%(嘎东),0.763%(曼东),0.639%(曼阁),1.97%(曼老)。结论:本法简便、准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,可用于控制白花丹药材质量。     

中国不同地区楝属植物中川楝素含量测定

应用高速液相色谱(HPLC)对我国楝属(Melia)植物主要分布区的川楝、苦楝的树皮、果实及叶片中川楝素含量进行了测定。结果表明,采自不同地区川棘、苦楝样本中川楝素的含量差别较大。树皮中的含量以贵州(沿河),陕西(西乡)采的苦楝及河南(扶沟)采的川楝较高,分别为5.160、4.697和4.223mg/g。果实中川楝素的含量都较低,苦楝果中仅含微量或测不出。杭州采的川楝果中川楝素含量却显著高于其它楝果样本,而且比其树皮的含量还高(分别为0.800和0.574mg/g)。所采的楝叶中在该测定条件下测不到川楝素存在。楝科中其它9种非楝属植物树皮中不含有川楝素。从整个测定结果可以看出,川楝素只存在于楝属植物树皮中,果中也有少量分布,川楝中川楝素的含量不一定高于苦楝。各样本中川楝素含量的差异是否与其分布区的地理环境、气候及土壤等因素有关,有必要作进一步研究。     

HPLC法同时测定了哥王中罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元的含量

目的建立同时测定了哥王中罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元含量的方法。方法采用HPLC法。色谱柱:依利特C18柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-水(体积比为45∶55),流速:1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长:280 nm,柱温:30℃。结果罗汉松脂酚和牛蒡子苷元质量浓度分别在10.0~200.0(r=0.999 8)、5.00~100.0 mg.L-1(r=0.999 7)内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=2.3%)和100.6%(RSD=2.6%)。结论该方法适用于了哥王药材的质量控制。     

贵州产菝葜类8种药用植物中薯蓣皂苷元的分析

目的 采用TLC、RP-HPLC法分析贵州产菝葜属及肖菝葜属8种常用药用植物中的指标性成分薯蓣皂苷元.方法 TLC法采用硅胶G板,以环己烷-乙酸乙酯(4:1)为展开剂.RP-HPLC的色谱条件为依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸(76:24),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长203 nm,柱温30℃,薯蓣皂苷元理论板数不低于4×10~3.结果 薄层鉴别中仅有短梗菝葜、黑叶菝葜及小叶菝葜含有薯蓣皂苷元.薯蓣皂苷元0.0105～2.105 μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率为100.4%(RSD=1.85%,n=9).黑叶菝葜的薯蓣皂苷元含量最高,为0.15%,土茯苓、柔毛菝葜、托柄菝葜、短柱肖菝葜中均未检测到薯蓣皂苷元.结论 所用TLC法及RP-HPLC法简单易行、专属性强、准确度高、重复性好,可作为菝葜类药材内在质量的控制方法.     

Alleviation of lead poisoning in the brain with aqueous leaf extract of the Thunbergia laurifolia (Linn.)

We used seven groups of 8-week-old male ICR mice, with 6 mice in each group, to test if aqueous leaf extract of the Thai medicinal plant Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. (TL) protects against lead poisoning. We found that co-treatment with aqueous TL leaf extract did not affect levels of lead in blood and brain of mice given lead in drinking water at 1 g/L for 8 weeks. However, co-treatment with aqueous TL leaf extract at 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg body weight was found to alleviate adverse effects of lead on learning deficit and memory loss, evaluated with water maze swimming test. Further, increased activity of the cell-death marker enzyme caspase-3 was observed in the brain of mice treated with lead, thereby suggesting that the memory loss could be caused by lead-induced loss of neurons in the brain. Co-treatment with aqueous TL leaf extract at 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg body weight was found to restore the levels of caspase-3 activity and maintain total anti-oxidant capacity and anti-oxidant enzymes in the brain. TL leaf extract thus reduced neuronal cell death and memory loss caused by lead uptake in mice, and the anti-oxidant activities of the TL leaf extract might account for these effects.     

落花生枝叶正丁醇部位的化学成分研究

目的 研究落花生枝叶的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法 分离纯化,根据化合物的波谱数据鉴定结构.结果 从落花生枝叶水提取物中分离鉴定了17个化合物,本实验主要研究从正丁醇萃取部分分离得到的4个降倍半萜类化合物:落花生苷A(arachiside A,Ⅰ)、狗筋蔓内酯(cu-cubalactone,Ⅱ)、长春花苷(roseoside,Ⅲ)、柑橘苷A(eitroside A,Ⅳ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新的化合物,命名为落花生苷A(arachiside A),化合物Ⅱ～Ⅳ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

水线草的化学成分研究

目的 研究茜草科耳草属植物水线草Hedyotis corymbosa的化学成分.方法 利用柱色谱、制备薄层色谱和重结晶进行分离纯化.通过波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.结果 分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为(+)-lyo-niresinol-3a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅰ)、槲皮素(quercetin,Ⅱ)、七叶内酯(esculetin,Ⅲ)、东莨菪内酯(scopoletin,Ⅳ)、耳草酮A(hedyotiscone A,Ⅴ)、对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,Ⅵ)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,Ⅶ)、香草酸(vanillic acid,Ⅷ)、丁香酸(syringie acid,Ⅸ)、(+)-催吐萝芙叶醇[(+)-vomifoliol,Ⅹ]、(-)-二氢催吐萝美叶醇[(-)-dihydrovomifoliol.Ⅺ]、S-(+)-去氢催吐萝芙叶醇[S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol,Ⅻ]和茜素1-甲醚(aliza-rin 1-methyl ether,).结论 化合物Ⅰ～均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

人参及其伪品栌兰、紫茉莉的鉴别

目的：鉴别人参及其伪品,避免临床误用。方法：从基原鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定四个方面鉴别人参和伪品栌兰、紫茉莉。结果：人参和栌兰、紫茉莉在四个鉴别方面有差异。结论：可以上述方法区分人参和栌兰、紫茉莉。