蛛网膜下腔出血继发癫痫发作临床分析

目的：探讨蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）继发癫痫的临床特点。方法：回顾性分析近17年来经CT证实的134例SAH患者中18例继发性癫痫患者的临床资料,重点观察癫痫发作类型与SAH之Fisher分级间的关系。全组均采用脱水降颅压、止血、抗感染等综合治疗,对于癫痫发作2次及以上的病人同时给予抗癫痫治疗。结果：于SAH72 h内继发癫痫发作12例,于病程第4～15天继发癫痫发作6例。18例中,全身性强直-阵挛发作（强直组）10例,简单部分性运动发作（简单组）4例,复杂部分性运动发作（复杂组）4例;除强直组与简单组Fisher分级比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）外,其余组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。根据GOS量表评定疗效,本组优9例,良2例,中2例,死亡5例。结论：SAH继发癫痫多发生在SAH早期,且以强直-阵挛发作为多见;其发作类型与SAH出血量和出血波及大脑皮质的范围密切相关。     

芳香胺致癌活性的Fisher判别研究

目的研究芳香胺致癌活性与结构参数和／或物理化学参数的关系。方法应用中心原子和官能团方法估算芳香胺的物理化学参数,结合多环芳烃结构参数,对两批芳香胺的致癌活性进行Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别分析。结果判别效率与汤田浩太郎等建立的系列方程中的两个（Ⅰ、Ⅲ）相近,但不及其最优方程（Ⅱ）。结论所选的物理化学参数适用于大部分芳香胺致癌活性的ＱＳＡＲ研究,Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别分析取得较好结果。     

高效液相色谱系统聚类分析方法在风轮菜属药材分类中的应用

目的 :探讨高效液相色谱技术应用于风轮菜属中药的鉴定研究。方法 :利用高效液相色谱提供药材的内在成分信息 ,结合模式识别技术 ,对风轮菜属植物进行了分类及鉴定。结果 :色谱数据的系统聚类结果得到了预期效果 ,这对于研究风轮菜属药材的类别及近缘性提供了依据。结论 :本方法具有简便、快捷、重现性好等优点。     

The impact of baseline covariates on the efficiency of statistical analyses of crossover designs

We investigate the impact of baseline covariates on the efficiency of statistical analyses of crossover designs. For practical considerations, we contemplate two different baseline methods: study baselines and period‐dependent baselines. For each baseline method, we establish analytical upper bounds for the relative efficiency of a large class of crossover designs, the totally balanced designs, under a model with the baseline covariates as compared with the model without the baseline covariates. We present numerical details based on these bounds for assorted scenarios and reveal implications of these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MRI findings of optic pathway involvement in Miller Fisher syndrome in 3 pediatric patients and a review of the literature

Background: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare demyelinating condition which may have involvement of cranial nerves. There are a few case reports of optic pathway involvement in children. We describe 3 patients with optic pathway enhancement in pediatric patients with MFS. Case series: We retrospectively reviewed brain imaging findings in 17 pediatric patients with of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) meeting Brighton criteria who had brain MRIs performed during their acute illness. Cranial nerve enhancement was seen in 6/17 patients and optic nerve/chiasm enhancement was seen in 3 patients. Conclusion: Cranial nerve enhancement and optic pathway in particular, can be seen in patients with MFS. Imaging findings do not always correlate with clinical manifestations of cranial nerve involvement.     

The Montana Adaptive Equipment Project:

A statewide service delivery project which provides specialized adaptive equipment to multi-handicapped persons living in rural communities is described. In addition to client consultation regarding motor programs, the adaptive equipment project provided specialized equipment such as adaptive chairs, standing and walking aids, feeding utensils, bathing aids, etc. to handicapped client of all ages. Services were delivered via an itinerant approach and relied on parents and others in the community as primary intervention agents. The project is viewed as an important activity in maintaining recently deinstitutionalized clients in community settings.     

Time Course of Renal Transcriptomics after Subchronic Exposure to Ochratoxin A in Fisher Rats

The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrocarcinogen, mainly in male rats. The aim of this study was to determine the time course of gene expression (GeneChip^® Rat Gene 2.0 ST Array, Affymetrix) in kidney samples from male and female F344 rats, treated daily (p.o) with 0.50 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) of OTA for 7 or 21 days, and evaluate if there were differences between both sexes. After OTA treatment, there was an evolution of gene expression in the kidney over time, with more differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 21 days. The gene expression time course was different between sexes with respect to the number of DEG and the direction of expression (up or down): the female response was progressive and consistent over time, whereas males had a different early response with more DEG, most of them up-regulated. The statistically most significant DEG corresponded to metabolism enzymes (Akr1b7, Akr1c2, Adh6 down-regulated in females; Cyp2c11, Dhrs7, Cyp2d1, Cyp2d5 down-regulated in males) or transporters (Slc17a9 down-regulated in females; Slco1a1 (OATP-1) and Slc51b and Slc22a22 (OAT) down-regulated in males). Some of these genes had also a basal sex difference and were over-expressed in males or females with respect to the other sex.     

Fundamental limits on persistent activity in networks of noisy neurons

Neural noise limits the fidelity of representations in the brain. This limitation has been extensively analyzed for sensory coding. However, in short-term memory and integrator networks, where noise accumulates and can play an even more prominent role, much less is known about how neural noise interacts with neural and network parameters to determine the accuracy of the computation. Here we analytically derive how the stored memory in continuous attractor networks of probabilistically spiking neurons will degrade over time through diffusion. By combining statistical and dynamical approaches, we establish a fundamental limit on the network’s ability to maintain a persistent state: The noise-induced drift of the memory state over time within the network is strictly lower-bounded by the accuracy of estimation of the network’s instantaneous memory state by an ideal external observer. This result takes the form of an information-diffusion inequality. We derive some unexpected consequences: Despite the persistence time of short-term memory networks, it does not pay to accumulate spikes for longer than the cellular time-constant to read out their contents. For certain neural transfer functions, the conditions for optimal sensory coding coincide with those for optimal storage, implying that short-term memory may be co-localized with sensory representation.