江苏省≥10岁人群的眩晕流行病学调查研究

目的调查江苏省人群中眩晕的分布情况及相关因素，为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样（PPS）方法，在江苏省常住人口中抽样，对其中≥10岁的6854人进行眩晕问卷调查、纯音测听和耳科检查。结果本研究实际接受调查6333人，应答率92．4％，男3035人（47．9％），女3298人（52．1％），年龄10～93岁。被调查人群中眩晕的总体患病率为4．1％（标化患病率：全国3．4％，江苏3．6％），眩晕患病率随年龄增加呈上升趋势（P=0．000）。女性眩晕患病率（5．3％）高于男性（2．8％）（P=0．000），城乡之间差异无显著性（农村4．3％。城镇3．8％．P=0．459）。听力减退、中耳炎病史、噪声暴露史是眩晕的危险因素，OR值分别为2．186、2．135、1．609。结论眩晕在江苏省人群中较为常见，其发生与多种因素有关，必须加强这些方面的防治研究。     

听觉障碍青少年群体认同特点研究

目的 探讨听觉障碍青少年的群体认同特点.方法 对79名听觉障碍青少年和76名健听青少年实施<群体认同问卷>调查.采用验证性因素分析考察问卷的信度和效度指标;采用相关分析考察群体认同不同成分之间的关系,采用方差分析比较听觉障碍青少年和健听青少年在群体认同上的差异.结果 除了群体评价部分,<群体认同问卷>应用于听觉障碍青少年具有较好的信度和效度;性别、年级对听觉障碍青少年群体认同没有显著性影响;听觉障碍青少年的群体认同成分之间存在着极其显著的相关;在群体认知、情感投入和群体评价上,听觉障碍青少年显著低于健听青少年,在体验承诺上两者不存在显著性差异.结论 需要通过心理健康教育等措施提高听觉障碍青少年的群体认同水平.     

中青年OSA H S患者缺氧程度与认知功能损害的相关性研究

目的探讨青年OSAHS患者缺氧程度与认知功能的相关性。方法选取OSAHS患者63例,年龄18～44岁。根据OSAHS患者的低氧血症程度,将患者分为轻度组20例（最低SaO2≥85％）,中度组24例（最低SaO265％～84％）,重度组19例（最低SaO2〈65％）;对照组25例（正常人：AHI〈5）。均进行事件相关电位P300、多导睡眠图（polysomnogram,PSG）和简易智能精神状态检查量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）检测。结果①OSAHS患者轻度、中度、重度三组P300潜伏期分别为326．1&#177;12．7、346．9&#177;19．1、334．9&#177;18．3ms,与对照组311．9&#177;18．3ms比较差异均有统计学意义（皆P〈0．05）,0SAHS轻、中度组与重度组之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,但轻度组和中度组患者之间差异无统计学意义（P=0．095）;②重度组中因最低血氧持续时间的不同P300潜伏期不同：最低血氧持续时间4～60秒组潜伏期为338．12&#177;13．7ms,最低血氧持续时间61～140秒组潜伏期为354．74&#177;16．7HiS,差异有统计学意义（P=0．031）;③以上各组P300波幅之间比较差异无统计学意义;④所有患者MESS得分均在正常范围内,但部分得分稍低,重度组与对照组得分比较差异有统计学意义（RA-Ra=9．91,P=0．003）。结论OSAHS患者普遍存在认知功能障碍,可以最低血氧程度及其持续时间初步评估认知功能损害的程度。     

中国0～17岁听力残疾儿童抽样调查分析

目的了解我国0～17岁聋儿现状,为聋儿听力残疾的防治及康复对策提供依据。方法采用统计描述和统计推理等方法对第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行分析。结果0～17岁儿童听力残疾的现患率为1.80‰。听力残疾儿童接受义务教育率城市高于农村（χ^2=4.008,P〈0.05）。单纯听力残疾儿童的患病率农村高于城市（χ^2=24.250,P〈0.05）。0～17岁这一年龄段儿童听力残疾的主要病因构成为原因不明（29.42%）、遗传（17.32%）、中耳炎（14.19%）和药物中毒（13.23%）。52%的聋儿未曾接受任何康复服务。最主要的康复需求是医疗服务与救助和辅助器具。结论儿童听力残疾的防治和康复应强化政府主导、统筹规划;建立完善的社会保障体系和残疾人保障制度;加大科研投入,加强专业队伍建设;健全听力残疾预防和听力残疾康复服务网络;普及爱耳护耳知识,提高全民听力健康意识。     

Supplementation with NAD+ and Its Precursors to Prevent Cognitive Decline across Disease Contexts

The preservation of cognitive ability by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) levels through supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors has been identified as a promising treatment strategy for a number of conditions; principally, age-related cognitive decline (including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia), but also diabetes, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Candidate factors have included NAD⁺ itself, its reduced form NADH, nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and niacin (or nicotinic acid). This review summarises the research findings for each source of cognitive impairment for which NAD⁺ precursor supplementation has been investigated as a therapy. The findings are mostly positive but have been made primarily in animal models, with some reports of null or adverse effects. Given the increasing popularity and availability of these factors as nutritional supplements, further properly controlled clinical research is needed to provide definitive answers regarding this strategy’s likely impact on human cognitive health when used to address different sources of impairment.     

针刺对脑卒中后认知功能障碍相关机制研究进展

脑卒中后认知功能障碍的干预方法多样,主要有认知功能训练、药物治疗、针刺干预等。大量临床实践已证实针刺对卒中后认知功能障碍的恢复具有一定的疗效。本研究搜集近几年关于针刺对脑血流、对神经细胞内部结构以及相关分子生物学等的影响,并从以上几方面将针刺治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍部分作用机制做简单阐述;提出目前针刺治疗本病的问题及展望。     

Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus radiata bark extract formulation

Dietary interventions may have the potential to counter age-related cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated an improvement in age-related cognitive impairment in animals after supplementation with plant extracts containing flavonoids but there are few human studies. This double-blind, controlled study examined the effects on cognitive performance of a 5 week supplementation with Enzogenol Pinus radiata bark extract containing flavonoids, in 42 males aged 50-65 years, with a body mass index >25. Participants were supplemented for 5 weeks either with Enzogenol plus vitamin C, or with vitamin C only. A battery of computerized cognitive tests was administered, and cardiovascular and haematological parameters were assessed prior to and following supplementation. The speed of response for the spatial working memory and immediate recognition tasks improved after supplementation with Enzogenol plus vitamin C, whereas vitamin C alone showed no improvements. A trend in a reduction of systolic blood pressure was observed with Enzogenol plus vitamin C, but not with vitamin C alone. The blood safety parameters were unchanged. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of supplementation with Enzogenol on cognition in older individuals. Larger studies are needed to ascertain its potential as a preventive treatment for age-related cognitive decline.     

Comparison of cell cycle regulatory gene mRNA in three different types of human trophoblasts and effect of transforming growth factor

AIM: Identifying the factors responsible for reducing the proliferation, syncytialization, and invasiveness of trophoblast tissues, as seen with preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and spontaneous miscarriage, is a current challenge in reproductive biology. These factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta as an example, can work by altering trophoblast differentiation or proliferation. We therefore investigated and compared specific markers of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation in three commonly used trophoblast tissue cell models, and also investigated the influence of TGF-beta on these markers. METHODS: In this study, we isolated human trophoblasts from first trimester and term placentas, and additionally used human choriocarcinoma cells (JEG-3). Baseline values of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion and relative mRNA levels of cell cycle regulators (cyclin E, p21, p27, and p57) were investigated for each cell type. We also investigated the influence of TGF-beta on these parameters. RESULTS: Quantitative and longitudinal production of hCG differed between the three cell types. Significantly different amounts of cyclin E, p21, p27, and p57 mRNA were demonstrated within each cell type, as well as between all the cell types, throughout the culture time period. Each trophoblast type demonstrated a reduction of hCG secretion in response to TGF-beta. TGF-beta did not show a consistent effect on the cell cycle mRNA of any of the cell types. CONCLUSION: We were able to characterize and compare the differential production of hCG, as well as the differential expression of cell cycle-associated mRNA of early trophoblasts, term trophoblasts, and choriocarcinoma cells. The production of hCG was altered by TGF-beta, although mRNA levels were not markedly altered by TGF-beta.     

军人失眠症患者睡眠的认知心理特点与个性特征的相关研究

目的探讨军人失眠症患者对睡眠的认知心理特点及与个性特征的关系。方法采用睡眠的个人信念和态度量表(DBAS)和艾森克个性问卷-成人版(EPQ)对48例军人失眠症患者(失眠症组)进行调查分析,并随机抽取某部50例官兵作为对照组。结果失眠症组患者的DBAS总分及各因子分和对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);EPQ的内外向和神经质因子分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);DBAS总分及各因子分和神经质呈正相关(r=0.159～0.234;P<0.05,P<0.01),与内外向呈负相关(r=-0.162～-0.238;P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论军人失眠症患者存在着大量与睡眠相关的错误认知,个性特征与这些错误认知有明显的相关性。