2017-2019年辽宁省农村学校饮用水微生物污染状况分析

目的为了解辽宁省农村学校饮用水微生物卫生状况,为有针对性的采取有效措施,保障师生身体健康提供一定依据。方法于2017-2019年抽取459所学校,在枯水期(3-4月)和丰水期(7-8月)共采集908份末梢水进行水样检测,检测的微生物指标包括菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和大肠埃希氏菌。结果调查的459所学校中,以小学和公办为主,所占百分比分别为45.10%(207/459)和98.47%(452/459)。69.28%(318/459)学校水源类型为深井。采取消毒措施的学校主要为漂白粉消毒。2017-2019年微生物指标综合达标率为86.23%。达标率由高到低顺序为:大肠埃希氏菌(99.25%)>菌落总数(97.14%)>耐热大肠菌群(92.32%)>总大肠菌群(87.56%)。不同年份各指标达标率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群达标率(91.25%、95.36%)枯水期高于丰水期(83.81%、89.21%),地下水水源(87.92%、92.69%)高于地表水源(72.73%、77.27%)(P <0.05)。微生物指标综...     

抗菌肽及其临床应用现状

就抗菌肽的类型、理化特征及结构、临床应用前景及可能遇到的问题进行综述。     

Laboratory diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections: Current concepts and present status

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication of total joint arthroplasty for both a microbiologist and an Arthroplasty surgeon with respect to diagnosis and management. The various investigations used for diagnosis of PJI based on different reference criteria have their own fallacies. Amongst the newer biomarkers evaluated to strengthen the diagnosis of PJI, Alpha defensins has been found to be a useful synovial fluid biomarker. In this review, we have discussed the various laboratory investigations, their benefits and shortcomings for the diagnosis of PJI. Other newer diagnostic methods like molecular methods and modified culture techniques to increase the performance characteristics for the diagnosis of PJI have also been presented.     

Indoor air particles and bioaerosols before and after renovation of moisture-damaged buildings: the effect on biological activity and microbial flora

Many building-related health problems coincide with moisture damage and mold growth within a building. Their elimination is assumed to improve indoor air quality. The aim of this study was to follow the success of remediation in two individual buildings by analyzing the microbial flora and immunotoxicological activity of filter samples. We compare results from samples collected from indoor air in the moisture-damaged buildings before and after renovation and results from matched reference buildings and outdoor air. The microbial characteristics of the samples were studied by analyzing ergosterol content and determining the composition of fungal flora with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). In addition, the concentrations of particles were monitored with optical particle counter (OPC). The immunotoxicological activity of collected particle samples was tested by exposing mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) for 24 h to particle suspension extracted from the filters, and measuring the viability of the exposed cells (MTT-test) and production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNFα) in cell culture medium by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The results show that for Location 1 the renovation decreased the immunotoxicological activity of the particles collected from damaged building, whereas no difference was detected in the corresponding samples collected from the reference building. Interestingly, only slight differences were seen in the concentration of fungi. In the Location 2, a decrease was seen in the concentration of fungi after the renovation, whereas no effect on the immunotoxicological responses was detected. In this case, the immunotoxicological responses to the indoor air samples were almost identical to those caused by the samples from outdoor air. This indicates that the effects of remediation on the indoor air quality may not necessarily be readily measurable either with microbial or toxicological parameters. This may be associated with different spectrum of harmful agents in different mold and moisture-damaged buildings.     

微生物在不同培养基上生长情况的研究

目的:研究对比不同微生物在常用培养基上的生长情况。方法:将从临床标本中分离出的几种不同微生物,分别接种于不同培养基上,于35℃培养24h、48h后,观察记录其生长情况。结果:不同培养基针对不同微生物,其抑菌(或选择)能力有所差异;延长孵育时间至48h后,有些被抑制的微生物可长成较大的菌落。在某些选择性培养基上,可长出与目标菌相似的菌落来。结论:该研究对混合感染时不同培养基的组合与使用,病原微生物的准确分离与鉴定,以及临床细菌日常检验工作均有一定的指导意义。     

环境污染菌快速检测生物电化学方法研究

细菌耗氧能使基质资化而生成代谢物质。运用生物电池盒,设计了一种能快速检测环境污染细菌的电子测试装置。以鲜牛奶中的污染杂菌和啤酒生产发酵过程中的酵母菌为研究样品,通过向试样样品中添加适量的生物催化剂和离子激励剂进行微生物的检测。并分析研究了细菌代谢和电子发生的过程,包括各测量电极与辅酶的氧化还原反应,以及溶液中各反应物的电化学过程。实验结论表明,该方法能有效的测定牛奶中的污染微生物含量,它相对于传统活菌落检测方法相比,具有快速、简便、实时检测等优点。     

Environmental control of Th17 differentiation

Th17 cells participate in the control of extracellular bacteria and fungi, but dysregulated Th17 cell activity can result in immunopathology. Thus, the generation and the activity of Th17 cells should be tightly regulated, and simultaneously it should be able to respond to the challenges presented by a changing environment. In this viewpoint, we discuss some of the mechanisms by which microbes, dietary components and environmental toxins influence the Th17 response.     

微生物检验在感染控制中的应用

微生物检验的新型技术发展很快,如PCR技术、蛋白芯片技术等,极大地丰富了微生物的检测手段,缩短了检测时间,大大促进了微生物检验的发展。微生物检验的质量保证是一个动态的质量管理系统,包括从患者准备、标本采集、标识、保存、运送、处理、检验、结果分析和报告,直至医师的理解和应用。同时,加强微生物检验的质量管理,制定持续性的改进计划,是现实可行的措施。研究目的在于以更加规范化的微生物检验方法为感染控制的质量提供良好的保障,方法为在感染控制中引入微生物检验技术,从室内控制与室间控制两方面阐述了微生物检验在感染控制中的作用。研究结果表明,在感染控制中引入微生物检验技术,能够有效预防由微生物而引发的伤口感染。     

发酵法菜籽饼脱毒机理研究

利用远缘多微生物复配进行菜籽饼的全方位脱毒,硫甙脱毒率达99％以上,植酸分解率94.5％,单宁分解率93.7%,粗纤维素降解47.2%,取得了较好的脱毒效果。同时证明了不同菜籽饼硫甙结构组成不同;单一微生物只能分解与其所产生芥子酶结构相对应的硫甙,不能分解其它结构的硫甙,奠定了多种微生物配合进行菜籽饼脱毒的理论基础。