男性乳腺癌患者生物治疗前真实心理体验的质性研究

目的：探讨男性乳腺癌患者生物治疗前真实心理体验。方法用质性研究中的现象学方法，以半结构式进行深度访谈，收集10名男性乳腺癌患者生物治疗前的真实体验，采用现象学7步分析法分析资料。结果得到6个主题：不良心理反应；消极应对方式；沉重的经济负担；缺乏生物治疗相关知识；对治疗的不确定感；寻求心理支持。结论深入了解男性乳腺癌患者的内心世界，有助于护理人员更好地去理解和尊重患者，为制定个体化、人性化护理方案提供理论依据。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection Among Men Having Sex with Men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

To learn more about risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam and their prevalence of HIV, we conducted a study among MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to determine HIV-1 prevalence and behaviors associated with infection. This consisted of formative (35 MSM) and cross-sectional (600 MSM) studies at 72 sites, including 75 transvestites, 55 bisexuals, 10 sex workers, and 460 other MSM. Only 5.3% cohabited with a wife/girlfriend, but 30% reported ever having sex with a female. Prevalence of HIV was 8%, ranging from 33% in sex workers to 7% among transvestites and other MSM. Injecting drugs, selling sex, being 20–40 years old, having less than 6 years of education, and having more than five male anal sex partners in the past month were associated with being HIV-infected. MSM are an HIV bridge group, and should be included in sentinel surveillance. Targeted interventions should be implemented.     

Men’s health: time for a new approach

Background: Many men’s health outcomes are poor at the global level. Men have lower life and healthy life expectancies than women. They are more likely to die from cancer, cardiovascular disease, suicide, road traffic accidents and other major causes of death. They are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol excessively and eat a poor diet. In many countries and for many diseases, men use primary care services less effectively than women.

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to review the key data on men's health at the global level and explore explanations for men's outcomes, including health practices, use of services and health literacy and masculinities. The response of health organisations, the evidence of the impact of gender-sensitive interventions and the case for action on men's health were also considered.

Major findings: Despite the problems with men’s health, it has been largely overlooked by national and global health organisations. When organisations do focus on gender, action is usually targeted at women and girls rather than both sexes. There is an increasing body of evidence that sex-specific initiatives can also be effective.

Conclusions: If population health is to be improved, and if good health is a universal right, steps must be taken to improve men’s health as well as women’s. There is a role for male-targeted health policies (building on the lessons of national men’s health policies in Ireland, Brazil and Australia) as well as changes to service delivery. There is not a choice to be made between men’s health and women’s health: this need not be a zero sum game. Action is needed for both sexes and improving the health of men will also improve the health of women.     

河南省2008－2013年男男性行为人群艾滋病流行趋势分析

目的 分析河南省MSM人群HIV感染流行趋势,为河南省艾滋病防治政策与策略制定提供科学依据。方法 分析2008-2013年艾滋病病例报告系统中同性性传播HIV/AIDS病例的变化趋势,利用MSM人群艾滋病综合防治专项调查数据分析该人群HIV感染率及危险行为变化。结果 2008-2013年河南省同性性传播病例构成从1.3%上升到17.1%,呈现快速增长趋势;专项调查数据显示,MSM人群HIV感染率呈现快速上升趋势,从2008年的4.69%增至2013年的8.33%(趋势χ²=39.24,P<0.001).单因素分析结果显示,年龄(χ²=21.03,P<0.001)、文化程度(χ²=31.66,P<0.001)、职业(χ²=14.59,P=0.01)、最近1次肛交行为安全套使用情况(χ²=134.97,P<0.001)、最近6个月同性性行为安全套使用情况(χ²=97.15,P<0.001)、最近1年性病症状(χ²=67.21,P<0.001)以及梅毒感染(χ²=163.60,P<0.001)均为感染HIV的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,年龄、性病症状史、感染梅毒与艾滋病防治知识不知晓为感染HIV的危险因素。结论 河南省MSM人群中HIV感染呈不断上升趋势,男男同性性传播已经成为主要感染途径,该人群不安全性行为普遍存在,亟需采取有效措施控制HIV在该人群中的传播。     

云南省2010－2013年男男性行为人群艾滋病相关危险因素变化趋势分析

目的 了解云南省MSM人群知晓率、行为等艾滋病相关危险因素的变化趋势及其安全套使用的影响因素,为干预策略制定和效果评价提供依据。方法 2010-2013年在云南省连续开展MSM哨点监测,调查该人群一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、性行为及安全套使用、吸毒行为、干预措施覆盖等情况,进行趋势和影响因素分析。结果 共调查9 073人,艾滋病知识知晓率、与同性发生性行为比例及安全套使用率均呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),与异性发生性行为时安全套使用率明显低于同性,吸毒比例和患性病比例呈下降趋势(P<0.01).同居、低知晓率、外省/外籍、居住时间不足一年、文化程度低、未接受过干预、肛交次数多、未曾做过HIV抗体检测等因素为影响MSM坚持使用安全套的危险因素。结论 云南省近4年MSM艾滋病综合干预效果初显,但多项指标仍处于较低水平,仍需重点关注同居、文化程度低、流动性较大、肛交次数多、有异性性行为的MSM干预,扩大干预覆盖面,继续强化落实HIV动员检测、安全套推广使用等核心干预措施。     

互联网预约检测的男男性行为者HIV、梅毒感染状况及相关因素分析

目的 了解通过互联网预约检测MSM的HIV、梅毒感染状况, 分析其相关影响因素。方法 对广州市2011－2012年通过互联网预约自愿前来进行HIV和梅毒抗体检测的MSM进行问卷调查和血清学检测, 内容包括研究对象的社会人口学、行为学资料及HIV/梅毒抗体检测结果, 采用logistic回归方法分析HIV/梅毒感染的相关影响因素。结果 共调查4 904名MSM, 平均年龄(28.77±7.24)岁, 大专及以上学历占70.3%;未婚占72.7%;HIV和梅毒抗体阳性检出率分别为8.7%(429/4 904)和4.4%(214/4 904), HIV合并梅毒感染率为1.2%(59/4 904)。约1/3调查对象最近一次与男性发生性行为时未使用安全套, 43.5%最近3个月与男性发生性行为不能坚持每次使用安全套。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:文化程度低、职业(工人或农民)、最近3个月与男性发生性行为不能坚持使用安全套、既往是否做过HIV检测以及感染梅毒与HIV感染相关联;年龄(≥40岁)、文化程度低、最近3个月的男性性伴数(≥10个)及感染HIV与梅毒感染相关联。结论 基于互联网预约检测的MSM, 危险性行为发生率和HIV感染率较高, 既往HIV检测率较低。应加大应用互联网检测动员, 开发针对低文化、高年龄MSM的干预措施。     

北京男男性行为人群HIV-1序列和流行趋势分析

目的 分析北京MSM人群HIV序列特征,预测北京该人群中HIV流行趋势。方法 汇总本实验室获得的北京MSM人群HIV序列,下载Los Alamos HIV Database中我国MSM人群及其他人群中流行的HIV序列,利用PhyML 3.0、BEAST等软件重建北京MSM人群系统发育树、估算突变速率、推断tMRCA、重建群体流行动态参数、计算再生指数R₀值,分析北京MSM人群与其他人群HIV流行的相关关系,推断进化和流行特征。结果 北京MSM人群中流行的HIV-1亚型包括B、CRF01_AE和CRF07_BC。在全国HIV毒株ML进化树中,北京MSM簇(北京MSM人群所占比例≥40%)共有3簇,即B-1簇、CRF01_AE-1簇、CRF01_AE-2簇。B1簇毒株是由至少3次传入事件进入北京MSM人群的,传入时间分别为1991年3月(1984年7月至1997年2月)、1994年1月(1989年1月至1998年1月)、1991年4月(1984年8月至1996年8月)。CRF01_AE毒株由2次传入事件进入北京MSM人群,传入时间分别为2000年12月(1998年3月至2003年1月)和2001年12月(2000年1月至2003年7月)。流行特征重塑分析显示,CRF01_AE-1簇近年来增长速度较快、突变速率较高。结论 北京MSM人群中存在多种HIV亚型毒株流行,其中B亚型毒株传入时间最早,但增长趋势趋于平稳;CRF01_AE毒株传入时间较晚、但增长迅速,对HIV在北京地区的流行具有明显的推动作用,因此对CRF01_AE毒株的防控有助于减少该地区HIV的流行。     

If You Are Not Counted,You Don’t Count: Estimating the Number of African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men in San Francisco Using a Novel Bayesian Approach

African-American men who have sex with men (AA MSM) have been disproportionately infected with and affected by HIV and other STIs in San Francisco and the USA. The true scope and scale of the HIV epidemic in this population has not been quantified, in part because the size of this population remains unknown. We used the successive sampling population size estimation (SS-PSE) method, a new Bayesian approach to population size estimation that incorporates network size data routinely collected in respondent-driven sampling (RDS) studies, to estimate the number of AA MSM in San Francisco. This method was applied to data from a 2009 RDS study of AA MSM. An estimate from a separate study of local AA MSM was used to model the prior distribution of the population size. Two-hundred and fifty-six AA MSM were included in the RDS survey. The estimated population size was 4917 (95 % CI 1267–28,771), using a flat prior estimated 1882 (95 % CI 919–2463) as a lower acceptable bound, and a large prior estimated 6762 (95 % CI 1994–13,863) as an acceptable upper bound. Point estimates from the SS-PSE were consistent with estimates from multiplier methods using external data. The SS-PSE method is easily integrated into RDS studies and therefore provides a simple and appealing tool to rapidly produce estimates of the size of key populations otherwise difficult to reach and enumerate.     

2006年天津市部分40岁以下青年男男性行为者艾滋病知晓率和行为学调查分析

目的 了解天津市部分40岁以下青年男男性行为者(Young men who have sex with men,YMSM)的艾滋病知晓率及高危行为状况,为在该人群中开展有效的性病艾滋病防治提供依据.方法 在知情同意、保密的原则下,2006年对40岁以下的YMSM进行匿名问卷调查,用SPSS软件对调查结果进行统计分析.结果 121名YMSM的平均年龄为24.70岁,文化程度较高.该人群艾滋病知识总知晓率为79.75%.25.62%的人自认为同性恋倾向,23.14%为异性恋,36.36%为双性恋.最近一次和最近6个月,在肛交时坚持使用安全套的比例分别为62.81%和43.80%;最近6个月有17.36%的人向男性提供过性服务,而其中有61.9%的人同时与女性发生过性行为.结论 被调查的YMSM存在艾滋病传播危险因素,急需在该人群中开展性病艾滋病的知识宣传和高危行为干预,提高其安全性行为的意识和安全套使用率.