微信打卡考勤随访在心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者中的应用

目的探讨微信打卡考勤随访对心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者抗凝治疗依从性的影响。方法将108例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后出院患者随机均分成两组。对照组(54例)在出院时行常规微信教育;观察组(54例)在常规微信教育基础上,参照职场打卡模式由患者行抗凝药物服用回复,护士行跟踪服务。结果观察组抗凝治疗依从性显著优于对照组(均P0.01),相关并发症发生率相对低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论微信打卡考勤随访可以提高心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者抗凝治疗依从性,减少并发症。     

The Impact of Nonphysician Providers on Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Practices: Regulatory,Billing, and Compliance Perspectives

The numbers of nurse practitioners and physician assistants are increasing throughout the entire health care enterprise, and a similar expansion continues within radiology. Some practices have instead embraced radiologist assistants. The increased volume of services rendered by this growing nonphysician provider subset of the health care workforce within and outside of radiology departments warrants closer review. The authors evaluate the recent literature and offer recommendations to radiology practices regarding both regulatory and scope-of-practice issues related to these professionals. Additionally, billing and compliance issues for care provided by nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and radiologist assistants are detailed. An analysis of the integration of these professionals into interventional and diagnostic radiology practices, as well as potential implications for medical education, is provided in the second part of this series.     

MEBO治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的临床疗效观察

目的观察湿润烧伤膏(Moist Exposed Burn Ointment,MEBO)治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的临床疗效。方法对2010年1月-2014年12月收治的344例慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡患者创面采用"药刀结合"的方法治疗,药即MEBO,刀即外科清创术、植皮术等。患者初诊时尽量清除创面坏死组织,不能耐受一次性清创者行蚕食疗法;清创后创面均匀涂抹MEBO并外敷MEBO药纱包扎治疗,存在潜腔的创面用MEBO药纱填塞引流,待肉芽组织填满创面后行肉芽创面游离植皮术。观察患者创面愈合时间及愈合情况。结果344例患者中除38例患者好转后自动出院,3例患者死于基础疾病外,其余303例患者创面均完全愈合,愈合率达88.1%,创面平均愈合时间为80.4 d±15.8 d。其中,193例患者经MEBO换药治疗后创面自行愈合(56.1%);48例合并趾骨坏死的糖尿病足患者进行了坏死组织剜除术(14.0%);34例骨外露创面进行了钻孔术(9.9%);54例患者进行了肉芽创面植皮术(包括接受趾骨剜除术及骨钻孔术后的创面)。89例烧伤残余创面愈合较快,最短为7 d,最长为29 d,平均愈合时间为18.8 d±4.9 d。结论MEBO可有效控制创面感染,促进坏死组织液化脱落及肉芽组织生长,缩短创面愈合时间,减轻患者疼痛,适时配合"刀法"还可进一步加速坏死组织脱落,促进肉芽组织生长,及时封闭创面,减少瘢痕增生,是治疗慢性难愈性皮肤溃疡的理想方法。     

Travel distance, age, and sex as factors in follow-up visit compliance in the post-gastric bypass population

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the optimal rate of follow-up in the post-bariatric surgery patient population. METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2001 to 2003 were reviewed. Using patient zip codes, travel distances were calculated between the patients' places of residence and our clinic. Patients were then assigned to 1 of 3 cohorts according to the following distances: (1) < 50 miles, (2) 50 to 100 miles, and (3) > 100 miles. Patient compliance with follow-up appointments at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months was analyzed. Linear trends were identified using the Mantel-Haenszel test. Age and sex were analyzed as possible predictors of compliance using the chi(2) test. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study group comprised 150 patients (127 females and 23 males). The 3 cohorts contained 115, 21, and 14 patients, respectively. All patients in each cohort were compliant with the 3-week follow-up appointment. Although there were differences in compliance between cohorts at each of the remaining appointments, only the 9-month (70.3% vs 61.9% vs 35.7%) visit showed statistical significance (P = .035). The 6-month visit trended toward significance (85.2% vs 76.2% vs 64.3%; P = .088). Males were more likely to be compliant with the 12-month follow-up (P = .040). When controlling for sex, travel distance was also a predictor of compliance at this follow-up visit (P = .024). Age was not predictive of compliance (P = .827). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that travel distance from the clinic does not significantly affect compliance at the initial follow-up, 3-month, and 12-month appointments. However, distance does tend to affect compliance at the 6-month appointment and significantly affects compliance at the 9-month appointment. Males are more likely to be compliant at the 12 month follow-up visit. We must continue to strive for 100% follow-up in our post-bariatric surgery patients.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者卫生行为的调查及其健康教育

目的 探讨阶段性护理干预对复发性抑郁症患者生活质量、服药依从性及复发的影响。方法 将96例复发性抑郁症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各48例。两组均予以氟西汀系统治疗，对照组行常规护理；观黍组在此基础上分阶段实施护理干预，时间为8周，随后进行为期2年的随访。采用生活质量量表（QOL-100）分别于治疗前及随访结束时进行评估，并于随访6个月、1年、2年时了解两组患者的服药依从性、复发率及再住院情况。结果 随访结束时，两组患者的生活质量均有所改善（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），但观察组患者的生活质量总评、心理领域、独立性领域及社会关系领域评分显著优于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。观察组复发率及再住院率分别为10．42％和6．25％，均明显低于对照组的33．3％和27．1％（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；而服药依从性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论 分阶段实施护理干预有助于改善复发性抑郁症患者的生活质量，提高服药依从性，降低复发及再住院率。     

小径微孔聚氨酯人工血管的制备条件对微观结构与性能的影响

目的　研究小径微孔聚氨酯 (polyurethane,PU)人工血管的制备条件对微观结构和力学性能的影响。　方法　采用浸渍 -沥滤法制备 PU小径微孔人工血管 ,通过改变模径、PU材料、盐粒大小、盐胶比和浸渍次数等制备条件 ,控制人工血管的尺寸参数和微观结构 ,测定 PU血管的力学性能 ,观察血管尺寸参数和微观结构对其性能的影响。　结果　 PU小径血管内径 2～ 4 mm,壁厚 0 .6～ 1.2 mm,密度 0 .2 3～ 0 .4 9g/ cm3,孔径 4 2～ 95μm,孔隙率5 6 %～ 80 %。血管的径向顺应性 1.2 %～ 7.4 %· 13.3k Pa- 1 ,水渗透性 0 .2 9～ 12 .4 4 g/ (cm2 · min) ,轴向抗张强度1.5 5～ 4 .36 MPa,爆破强度 6 0～ 30 0 k Pa,缝线撕裂强度 19.5～ 96 .2 N/ cm2 。相同尺寸时 ,Chro- noflex制备的小径血管的顺应性和水渗透性优于 PCU- 15 0 0制备的小径血管 ,而 PCU- 15 0 0小径血管的轴向抗张强度、爆破强度和缝线撕裂强度优于 Chro- noflex小径血管。　结论　通过选择材料和优化制备条件 ,可制得具有合适孔径和孔隙率 ,顺应性和其它性能与天然血管匹配的 PU小径血管。     

Psychosocial profiling: a holistic management tool for non-compliance

We introduce a new concept of psychosocial profiling as a tool that provides the transplant team with a psychosocial framework for identification, intervention and management of non-compliance. This will also increase our understanding of emotional problems experienced by patients before transplant, as a result of living with the uncertainty and medical side effects of chronic illness. Psychosocial profiling is adaptable throughout the transplant process and gives every patient an opportunity of psychosocial support to help him or her into a position of emotional stability and compliance with their medications and postoperative care. Implementation of this strategy will move health care professionals from being gatekeepers to managers and facilitators of holistic care in recipients of transplants.     

利用新技术提高结核病患者治疗依从性的研究进展

提高结核病患者治疗依从性是减少结核病传播、控制结核病流行有效公共卫生措施之一。世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐以医务人员为主的直接面视下治疗（DOT）,但在落实中存在医务人员严重缺乏、交通不便等困难。目前,利用新技术（如智能手机、移动网络、卫星通信等）提供医疗服务和信息,打破了传统医疗行为与模式受时间和空间的限制,被广泛应用于结核患者治疗依从性的管理中。本文综述了国内外相关新技术在结核病患者治疗依从性中应用的干预形式、干预效果、医务人员和患者的使用体会,以期为我国推广相关新技术的使用、改善结核病患者的治疗依从性提供依据。     

不同ASCVD危险分层患者LDL-C达标及影响因素分析

目的 分析不同动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）危险分层患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）达标情况及影响因素。方法 本研究纳入2018年6月～2019年3月至大连解放军第967医院就诊的既往给予他汀类药物治疗的患者为研究对象,通过询问并记录的方式收集、整理患者的一般情况和临床资料。根据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南（2016修订版）》将入选患者分为极高危（n=242）、高危（n=207）、低中危（n=139）三组。将极高危患者LDL-C达标定义为坚持或间断服用他汀类药物且LDL-C＜1.8 mmol/L,高危组及低中危组达标分别定义为LDL-C＜2.6 mmol/L和＜3.4 mmol/L,无论是否使用他汀类药物。采用单因素分析影响他汀服药依从性的相关变量,并建立Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析以探讨影响他汀服药依从性的独立影响因素。结果 ①LDL-C达标率在极高危患者为42.1%,高危患者为59.4%,低中危患者为81.3%;不同危险分层患者LDL-C达标率比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。②极高危和高危患者LDL-C不达标原因包括联合使用降脂药物（他汀类药物联合依折麦布）比例低（10.0%和2.4%）、使用低剂量他汀类药物（37.9%和31.0%）及不按医嘱服药（26.4%和56.0%）;低中危患者LDL-C不达标原因主要为使用低剂量他汀类药物（23.1%）和不按医嘱服药（76.9%）。③单因素分析显示,年龄≤65岁、使用药物种类≤3种和对药物认知良好的患者服药依从性显著增高（均P＜0.05）;独居状态、低收入及易被非医疗机构保健信息影响的患者服药依从性明显偏低（均＜0.05）。④多因素Logistic回归分析显示,使用药物种类少、对药物认知程度良好可以增加他汀类药物服药依从性;低收入、独居状态和非医疗机构保健信息影响可降低他汀类药物服药依从性。结论 改善ASCVD危险患者LDL-C达标率需强化医生对降脂药物的合理使用和提高患者服药依从性。     

无锡市社区严重精神障碍患者服药依从性及其影响因素研究

背景　遵医嘱服药是患者病情稳定和全面康复的基本保障,服药率是社区严重精神障碍患者管理治疗工作质量的核心指标。了解本地区居家患者的药物治疗现状并提出改进措施,对促进社区精神卫生服务质量的有效提升具有重要意义。目的　了解无锡市社区严重精神障碍患者服药依从性及其影响因素,探讨进一步提高患者服药率的有效措施。方法　采用多阶段整群抽样法,对无锡市12个街道/乡镇的1 285例严重精神障碍患者进行问卷调查。调查工具包括服药依从性问卷（自行设计）、自知力与治疗态度问卷及精神障碍患者病耻感评估量表。共1 220例患者完成全部调查,有效应答率为94.94%。采用多因素Logistic回归分析患者服药依从性的影响因素。结果　无锡市社区严重精神障碍患者的服药依从率为75.33%（919/1 220）,其中精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、分裂情感性障碍、偏执性精神障碍、精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍、癫痫所致精神障碍服药依从率分别为78.56%（667/849）、75.49%（154/204）、69.57%（16/23）、47.06%（8/17）、35.71%（25/70）、85.96%（49/57）。不同文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭经济、监护人关系、监护人对疾病认知、疾病诊断、病程、住院次数、是否参加社区健康讲座、家庭与精神专科医院距离、自知力与治疗态度评分、病耻感水平患者服药依从率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度、监护人对疾病认知、疾病类型、病程、住院次数、是否参加健康讲座、家庭离精神专科医院距离、自知力与态度评分、病耻感水平9个因素为社区严重精神障碍患者服药依从性的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　无锡市社区严重精神障碍患者服药依从性有待提高,增设精神卫生服务网点、重点关注精神发育迟滞及新发病患者、加强健康宣教、消除病耻感是提高服药依从性的有效措施。